考点5完形填空之解题方法(核心考点)-高考英语一轮复习(新高考专用)(学生版)

考点5 完形填空
完形填空之解题方法（核心考点精讲精练）
考点5 解题方法
方法一 细研首句定主旨
完形填空首句一般不设空，这是为了给学生提供一个清晰而完整的背景。

记叙文首句往往介绍事件发生的时间、地点、人物和起因等细节信息，说明文和议论文一般通过文章首句点明全文的主题。

仔细分析文章的首句，往往能获取许多解题信息，从而节省做题时间。

1．利用首句可以帮助我们判断文章的体裁，捕捉文章的要素，预测故事的发展。

【典例1】 (2022·全国甲卷·首句
)
You can tell a lot about a man by how he treats his dogs.
2【典例2】 (2020·全国Ⅰ卷·首句)
Since our twins began learning to walk
，
my wife and I have kept telling them that our sliding glass door is just a
window.
方法二前瞻后望重语境
完形填空题主要考查学生对语境的理解能力，所以空处的前后多有暗示(下文暗示上文的居多)。

学生在做题时，一定要从整体上把握文章的内容，弄清文章的结构和文章的内在逻辑关系。

【典例1】(2022·全国乙卷·节选)
Young children across the globe enjoy playing games of hide and seek.For them, there's something highly exciting about 41 someone else's glance and making oneself unable to be seen.
However, we all witness that preschool children are remarkably 42 at hiding.They often cover only their eyes with their hands, leaving the rest of their bodies ．
41．A．following B．taking
C．escaping D．directing
42．A．clever B．bad
C．scared D．quick
【典例2】(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷·节选)
This was 50 than it sounds.51．Slow down a bit and the cakes pile up.As I told my parents at dinner that first night, it was all a little more high-pressure than I'd 52．expected．
50．A．harder B．better
C．longer D．cheaper
方法三熟词生义需重视
一词多义和熟词生义是近几年高考完形填空中多次出现的词汇活用现象，这往往也是考生容易忽视的地方。

备考时应注意单词本义以及根据词根推断单词的生僻意义。

【典例1】(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷·节选)
Finally , Ziyad got close to the hive which was around 20 metres above the ground. Sitting on a branch, he
_____50_____ towards it and blew smoke from his torch into a tiny hole in the hive. Suddenly, Ziyad let out a sharp cry. Within seconds, he’d slid down the trunk and was back on the ground.
50．A．backed B．dived C．shouted D．inched
【典例2】(2023·新高考全国Ⅱ卷·节选)
In April last year, I saw a post on the PNP (Pilots N Paws) website from a family in Topeka. They had to move to Virginia but they were on a very tight budget. They could not afford to pay for transportation for their dog, Tiffy, and 43 wanted to take her with them.
【熟词新义】desperately adv. 不顾一切地；极度地。

【典例3】(2023·高考全国甲卷·节选)Mario’s wine may have been cloudy and come out of an old bottle, but it was perfect.
【典例4】(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷·节选)
Our 48 in the factory were simple: Place cakes on a moving belt.Attach icing (糖霜) ears.Apply icing eyes and nose.
48．A．joys B．ideas
C．roles D．choices
基础过关
（最新模拟试题演练）
1.【2023·河北省衡水中学高三下学期适应性考试】
Every year I’d read over 2,000 college applications from students all over the world. It is quite41 to choose whom to admit. 42 ,in the chaos of SAT scores and recommendations, one43 is always irresistible in a candidate：kindness.
The most surprising 44 of kindness I’ve ever 45 came from a student who had excellent scores and a supportive recommendation from his college counselor(顾问).Even with these qualifications, he might not have 46 .But one letter of recommendation caught my eye. It was from a school security 47 .Letters of recommendation are typically written by people like former presidents, celebrities, and Olympic athletes.
The security guard wrote that he supported this student’s admission because of his 48 . This young man was the only person in the school who knew the names of every member of the guard staff. He turned off lights in empty rooms, consistently 49 the hallway monitor each morning and tidied up the classroom after his peers left school 50
nobody was watching. This student, the security guard wrote, had a(n) 51 respect for every person at the school, regardless of position, popularity or power.
It gave us a 52 onto a student’s life in the moments when nothing “counted”. That student was admitted by unanimous(一致的)vote of the admissions committee.
Next year there might be a flood of security guard recommendations 53 this essay. But if it means students will start paying as much 54 to the people who clean their classrooms as they do to their principals and teachers, I’m happy to help start that 55 .256
41．A．decent B．difficult C．delicate D．desperate
42．A．However B．Otherwise C．Besides D．Therefore
43．A．ability B．quality C．limitation D．assumption
44．A．signal B．image C．appearance D．indication
45．A．come out B．pick up C．come across D．bring up
46．A．stood up B．stood out C．given up D．given out
47．A．guard B．teacher C．principal D．counselor
48．A．wisdom B．bravery C．encouragement D．consideration
49．A．bothered B．answered C．visited D．thanked
50．A．as if B．now that C．even if D．in order that
51．A．demanding B．amusing C．refreshing D．puzzling
52．A．passion B．trouble C．method D．window
53．A．due to B．in need of C．except for D．along with
54．A．money B．notice C．attention D．curiosity
55．A．policy B．trend C．arrangement D．career
2.【2023·山东省实验中学高三二模】
As usual, Lily bought expensive gifts for her children Alice and Peter before Christmas. Her job kept her busy, and she 41 got to see her children during weekdays. Being a mother, she always wanted to be 42 her children, but she placed her 43 first, thinking earning money was more important.
Lily 44 the gifts in secret and decided to give them a day before Christmas since she had to attend a business meeting the next day. 45 , a day later, the meeting got canceled. Lily was 46 she could spend Christmas with her family. Therefore, she decided to 47 a party. Lily sent 48 to all her friends and her father-in-law, Michael. Lily was worried her friends would not feel 49 in the presence of aged people. Later that day, her children noticed the gifts she had bought. Unexpectedly, neither of them seemed 50 to open the gifts.
On Christmas Eve, Lily 51 her friends into her house. However, she felt 52 when she saw Michael walking in. On arrival, Michael gave Alice and Peter presents—some cookie molds (模具)! The two kids ran happily to their grandfather and showed great 53 for his gifts, asking him to bake cookies with them.
All the guests present were moved by the scene. Lily 54 all they want is their parents’ time and 55 not what their parents buy them.
41．A．usually B．rarely C．always D．never
42．A．around B．beyond C．without D．for
43．A．family B．heart C．body D．job
44．A．watched B．laid C．hid D．made
45．A．Fortunately B．Eventually C．Suddenly D．Amusingly
46．A．shocked B．touched C．happy D．free
47．A．attend B．throw C．delay D．rule
48．A．blesses B．regards C．letters D．invitations
49．A．confident B．warm C．relaxed D．cool
50．A．shy B．worried C．easy D．eager
51．A．welcomed B．led C．signaled D．waved
52．A．uncomfortable B．refreshed C．surprised D．calm
53．A．respect B．pity C．enthusiasm D．love
54．A．noticed B．realized C．learned D．witnessed
55．A．money B．passion C．knowledge D．attention
3.【2023·天一大联考广东省高三模拟考试（三）】
After a dolphin was found swimming alone in a creek in Florida, marine biologists formed a human chain to save it.
Dolphins typically travel in 41 called a “school” , although solitary(独自的) dolphins are becoming more common. This can be a cause for concern because dolphins are naturally sociable creatures, so if they are 42 , they may turn their attention to human interaction. This in turn can be 43 , both for dolphins and humans.
Dolphins can become 44 rather than feed on their own. 45 , dolphins that are used to human contact spend more time in shallow waters, which can 46 boat crashes. Meanwhile, humans who get too close to dolphins can find themselves 47 .
After 48 that the dolphin had been alone in the creek for a few days, and was near a residential area with 49 for human disturbance, NOAA Fisheries Service decided to 50 . Twenty-eight biologists from the Clearwater Marine Aquarium, NOAA and FWC came together to form a human chain, creating a barrier that could 51 the dolphin out of the creek.
Rescue biologist Brittany Baldrica said,“ The 52 was to just be a barrier that was novel to the animal. We wanted to create a physical barrier as well as a barrier of hearing, so we had somebody behind us that was 53 a boat, revving(使快速运转) its engine and then we were splashing(泼) water and moving forward towards the animal, so we were giving the animal the 54 to swim through the bridge on its own.”
The 55
41．A．series B．lines C．groups D．sessions
42．A．separated B．discovered C．defended D．distinguished
43．A．rewarding B．dangerous C．attractive D．annoying
44．A．sensitive B．hesitant C．dependent D．exceptional
45．A．Strangely B．Initially C．Fortunately D．Additionally
46．A．turn on B．lead to C．take in D．knock at
47．A．injured B．addicted C．refreshed D．dismissed
48．A．declaring B．explaining C．admitting D．realizing
49．A．concern B．purpose C．potential D．desire
50．A．withdraw B．act C．search D．attack
51．A．confirm B．restrict C．keep D．guide
52．A．risk B．advantage C．goal D．path
53．A．lifting B．repairing C．checking D．striking
54．A．courage B．option C．right D．skill
55．A．rescue B．experiment C．competition D．training
4.【2023·江苏省南通徐州市等5地高三三模】
The suburb I live in backs on to a large nature reserve. One morning I saw a koala (考拉) sitting in a pam tree in my front yard. I phoned around to ask what I could ____41____ this koala, but no one wanted to know. I ended up ____42____ the koala out of my tree and we crossed the road ____43____ for him to return to the nature reserve.
I’ve always been befriending animals. As a young kid I used to pick up lizard eggs and ____44____ them. It stimulated my interest as to why there wasn’t anyone wanting to come and ____45____ this koala in my tree. After that, I signed up for all the ____46____ I could find.
Once I had accreditation (合格证), I volunteered with the RSPCA in 2014, rehabilitating (使康复) wildlife. I was an ambulance driver, ____47____ overnight rescues. We rescued hundreds of animals and ____48____ more.
One day, I thought why not ____49____ my own rescue group focusing on my backyard? I purchased a two-acre property and built enclosures on it to _____50_____ injured animals. Last year, I planted 300 eucalyptus trees(桉树), with seven varieties to _____51_____ the koalas.
I cut the leaves of the eucalyptus trees for the koalas to eat and look after the _____52_____ wildlife at our centre. If they recover, they are _____53_____ back to where they come from.
As a kid I would never have imagined doing this. I feel like I’m the _____54_____ girl on the planet that I get to do what I love. I believe it’s my _____55_____.265
41．A．learn from B．do about C．require of D．save for
42．A．kicking B．shooting C．coaching D．blowing
43．A．together B．illegally C．angrily D．guiltily
44．A．roll B．sell C．break D．hatch
45．A．rescue B．admire C．purchase D．identify
46．A．courses B．races C．fairs D．shows
47．A．watching B．attending C．recording D．assessing
48．A．made out B．ran across C．gave up D．cared for
49．A．leave B．start C．dismiss D．advertise
50．A．house B．hunt C．train D．amuse
51．A．confuse B．direct C．feed D．test
52．A．aggressive B．hungry C．deserted D．injured
53．A．sold B．released C．thrown D．dragged
54．A．quietest B．greediest C．noisiest D．luckiest
55．A．guess B．calling C．treat D．fault
5.【2023·山东省淄博市高三下学期三模】
ChatGPT has been everywhere for the last few months. It raises ___41___ about their impact on everything happening in our society.
ChatGPT is a natural language processing tool ___42___ by AI technology that allows you to have human-like
___43___ and much more. The language model can answer questions and ___44___ you with tasks, such as composing emails, essays, and code.
The ___45___ to produce frequently accurate responses to a vast range of questions is why it became the
fastest-growing app of all time, ___46___ 100 million users in only two months. The fact that it can also ___47___ essays, articles, and poetry has only ___48___ its appeal. It is also equally ___49___ at coding and productivity tasks. For the former, its ability to ____50____ code from natural speech makes it a powerful partner for both new and ____51____ coders.
Despite looking very impressive, ChatGPT still has ____52____. Such restrictions include the inability to answer questions that are worded in a ____53____ way, as it requires rewording to understand the input question. A bigger limitation is a lack of quality in the ____54____ it delivers. Another major limitation is that its data is limited up to 2021. The chat robot does not have any ____55____
41．A．requests B．concerns C．emotions D．doubts
42．A．driven B．followed C．inspired D．entertained
43．A．conflicts B．challenges C．interests D．conversations
44．A．manage B．control C．assist D．accompany
45．A．ability B．chance C．responsibility D．purpose
46．A．consulting B．reaching C．introducing D．counting
47．A．cause B．return C．exist D．generate
48．A．added to B．connected to C．devoted to D．owed to
49．A．determined B．equipped C．talented D．alarmed
50．A．save B．create C．choose D．describe
51．A．cautious B．untrained C．familiar D．experienced
52．A．limitations B．possibilities C．requirements D．advantages
53．A．right B．suitable C．specific D．natural
54．A．approaches B．responses C．contribution D．sensitivity
55．A．notice B．question C．feeling D．awareness
真题感知
1.【2023年1月·浙江卷】阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

The sun was beginning to sink as I set off into the Harenna Forest. I was on my way to ____41____ a unique honey harvest. Here, in south-east Ethiopia, hand-carved beehives(蜂箱)are placed in the ____42____. Reaching them to get the honey is difficult—and often ____43____ .
I ____44____ beekeeper Ziyad over a wide stretch of grassland before entering a thick jungle. Ziyad began preparations. He ____45____ handfuls of damp tree leaves, wrapped them with string, and ____46____ the bunch to create a torch(火把). Then, with one end of a rope tied to his waist and the other end around the trunk of a tree, Ziyad began
____47____ . He stopped every few minutes to move the ____48____ higher up the tree trunk.
____49____ , Ziyad got close to the hive which was around 20 metres above the ground. Sitting on a branch, he
_____50_____ towards it and blew smoke from his torch into a tiny hole in the hive. Suddenly, Ziyad let out a sharp cry.
Within seconds, he’d _____51_____ the trunk and was back on the ground.
It was too _____52_____ to collect the honey. A cool summer had delayed _____53_____ . Baby bees were still in the honeycombs(蜂巢). The adult bees were _____54_____ and kept attacking as Ziyad escaped from the tree. He had to wait for the right _____55_____ to go back up.
41．A．share B．collect C．celebrate D．witness
42．A．courtyards B．fields C．treetops D．caves
43．A．urgent B．dangerous C．expensive D．pointless
44．A．searched B．recognised C．followed D．invited
45．A．gathered B．cleaned C．dropped D．checked
46．A．shook B．lit C．measured D．decorated
47．A．jumping B．talking C．testing D．climbing
48．A．hives B．leaves C．rope D．honey
49．A．Finally B．Surprisingly C．Naturally D．Immediately
50．A．backed B．dived C．shouted D．inched
51．A．cut off B．gone up C．slid down D．held onto
52．A．high B．early C．fast D．close
53．A．hatching B．training C．sowing D．trading
54．A．curious B．hungry C．bored D．angry
55．A．moment B．equipment C．person D．order
2.[2023·新高考全国Ⅱ卷]
阅读下面短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

In April last year, I saw a post on the PNP (Pilots N Paws) website from a family in Topeka. They had to move to Virginia but they were on a very tight 41. They could not afford to pay for 42for their dog, Tiffy, and 43 wanted to take her with them.
It just 44that I was planning another PNP flight with another pilot, Karen, who 45to take Tiffy from Kansas City to Virginia. What I was to do was fly to Topeka to 46Tiffy.
When I met Tiffy’s owners, they seemed very 47. George, the husband, was trying to be calm, but I could tell this was 48for him, having to leave his dog to a 49and trust that everything would 50.
After some goodbyes, I asked George and his wife to help me 51Tiffy into the plane. I promised to take care of Tiffy and 52them as soon as we got to Kansas City.
The flight was 53, and Tiffy was a great passenger. The next day, she 54with Karen and made it back to George in Virginia within a few days. He was so 55and sent me a nice e-mail with pictures. It felt great to know that I had helped bring this family together again.
B.budget
()46.A.see off B.look for C.hand over D.pick up
()50.A.speed up B.work out e back D.take off
D.uneventful
D.sympathetic
3.[2023·全国甲卷]
阅读下面短文,从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

Many years ago, I bought a house in the Garfagnana, where we still go every summer. The first time we 41there, we heard the chug-chug-chug of a motorbike 42its way down the hill towards us. It was 43called Mario, coming to 44us a box containing some tomatoes and a bottle of wine. It was a very nice 45for him to make. But when we looked at the tomatoes, we were 46because they were so misshapen: not at all like the nice, round, 47things you get in a supermarket. And the wine was cloudy, in a funny old bottle with no label(标签) on it. These can’t be any 48, we thought. But we were 49his kindness, so we 50them.
What we discovered is that it’s 51to judge what you eat only by its 52. Those tomatoes had 53that reminded me of the ones my uncle used to grow when I was a child. Nowadays supermarket tomatoes 54perfect but taste of water. Nobody’s going to have a 55memory of those. It’s a surprise they haven’t managed to grow square ones so that they can 56them easily. Mario’s wine may have been cloudy and come out of an old bottle, but it was 57.
It’s good to eat things at the correct time, when they’re 58, and as close as possible to where they were 59. What Mario had 60us was the taste of the Garfagnana.
()41.A.waited
C.squeezing
D.feeling
()49.A.sympathetic to B.thankful for C.cautious about D.interested in
D.mixed
()52.A.appearance
D.taste
B.check
()57.A.perfect C.convenient
()58.A.on view B.on sale C.in season D.in need
()59.A.finished。