Chapter 4.International Business Cooperation ppt

Word study


oscillate (para.1)v. to swing back and forth with a steady, uninterrupted rhythm.持续周期 性地摆动：以稳定的、不间断的节奏来回摇摆 ambivalence (para.1)n. the coexistence of opposing attitudes or feelings, such as love and hate, toward a person, an object, or an idea.矛盾情绪，双重人格：对人、对物或对观点的 相对立态度或感情的共存，如爱和恨 affiliate(para.2)n. a person, an organization, or an establishment associated with another as a subordinate, subsidiary, or member.成员， 分支机构：作为部属、副手或成员与其他人、其它组 织或其它机构发生联系的人、组织或机构

Japan‟s lack of enthusiasm for outsourcing to China is due to the concern over anti-Japanese sentiment and the desire to protect their intellectual property and to a belief that manufacturing remains a core Japanese competency. It‟s not because Japan is short of capital. It is because the government recognizes that inviting in foreign firms is an indirect means of promoting reform, by exposing sleepy Japanese firms, particularly in the service sector, to a dose of competition. Foreign firms need to understand the local market but must also carefully craft a strategy for the Japanese market. Foreign firms are essentially targets of learning for Japanese firms. They can bring in new ideas which are then assimilated to the Japanese firms.
Chapter 4 International Business Cooperation
Background introduction
International cooperation has demanded greater attention from economics and businesses alike as the extent of world economic integration and interdependence has increased. Over the past decades, the economics of North America, the European countries, Japan and the developing nations have become more and more dependent upon each other as sources of supply, e.g. raw materials, and as markets for goods and services. Inevitably this has meant that national governments are less able to formulate national economic objectives in isolation from the influence of activity in the rest of the world.
Warm-up

Scan the text and write down the key terms related to the topic. Sum up the main ideas of the text by referring to the key phrases and exchange ideas in groups.

outlier (para.3)n. one whose domicile lies at an appreciable distance from one„s place of business. 不 住在工作单位的人。文中转意为（全球化的）局外人。 hangover (para.3)n. a vestige; a holdover. 遗留物；留 下来的人
Reading comprehension

companies cautious about outsourcing to China? Why does the Japanese government decide to encourage more FDI in Japan? What do foreign firms need to do in order to succeed in Japan? What does Thierry Porte mean by saying that “foreigners have often been catalysts of change in Japanese history”?
The links between policies are even significant in terms of the world‟s financial and capital markets, as witnessed everyday when the reverberations on any one stock market are felt across the globe. At the same time, the growth of international cooperation has allowed each participating national economy to use its resources more efficiently by concentrating production on those activities to which it is best suited and from which it gets the benefits of economies of scale. In this way, trade has raised real income in each country in the same way that specialization by an individual or firm generates greater returns.


binge (para.7)n. a period of unrestrained, immoderate self-indulgence.狂欢：一段不加限制的，过 分自我放纵的时间

puny (para.7)adj. of inferior size, strength, or significance; weak. 弱小的，微弱的 mindset (para.7)n. a fixed mental attitude or disposition that predetermines a person„s responses to and interpretations of situations.精神状态：决定一个人对环境的反应或理解的固定的态度 或性格 pharmaceutical (para.9)adj . of or relating to pharmacy or pharmacists.配药的，药剂师的, 或与之有关的 spree (para.9)n. overindulgence in an activity. 行为毫不节制, 痛饮，狂欢 consolidatioin (para.10)n. the merger of two or more commercial interests or corporations.合并：两个或多个商业上的 利益集团或法人团体的合并 loom (para.10)v. to come into view as a massive, distorted, or indistinct image. 隐约地出现：以庞大的、扭曲的或不清晰的形 象出现在视野中

Reading comprehension

Why isn‟t Japan an export-oriented economy? What factors contribute to Japan‟s current zest for globalization? What are the obstacles for Japan‟s globalization? What are the options for Japanese companies who intended to go global?




Part of the reason is regulatory hangover from the post-war period. The Japanese firms have been so busy with the domestic crisis that they have forgotten to remain connected with the rest of the world. One reason is that the domestic market has matured and the population has started to shrink, Japanese firms must look abroad for growth opportunities. There are other reasons including seeking new market, eagerness to benefit from foreign ideas and to speed internal reform. Japanese firms also face a shortage of managers with international experience and the mindset and skills needed to operate globally. They would also have to content with rivals in America, Europe and new comers like China. There are several options for Japanese firms: to achieve global scale through domestic and foreign acquisitions, to move into high-value specialist products, to adopt a regional strategy focusing on Asian market, to form a global alliance with a foreign firm.