微生物英文课件-metabolism B
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• Yields a small amount of ATP, ATP is formed by substratelevel phosphorylation only .
• Production of ethyl alcohol by yeasts acting on glucose • Formation of acid, gas & other products by the action of various
– Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate can be converted into precursors for amino acids, carbohydrates and fats
An amphibolic view of metabolism
Gluconeogenesis
2. Using the following simplifi ed chart, fill in a summary of the major starting compounds required and the products given off by each phase of metabolism. Use arrows to pinpoint approximately l where the reactions take place on the pathways.
The Synthesis of Purines, Pyrimidines, and Nucleotides
Purine
Lipids Synthesis
Fatty acids are synthesized using the substrates acetyl-CoA and malonyl(丙二醯)-CoA, the reductant NADPH, and a small protein called an acyl carrier protein to carry the growing fatty acid
2.Fermentation
Definition: Incomplete oxidation of glucose or other carbohydrates in the absence of oxygen.
• Uses organic compounds as terminal electron acceptors, such as pyruvate
3. What is unique about the actions of ATP synthase? 4. How are aerobic and anaerobic respiration different. 5. Explain the various ways that ruminant microbes contribute to cow nutrition. 6. Beer production requires an early period of rapid aerobic metabolism of glucose
An amphibolic view of metabolism
1. Do “Multiple Choice Quiz” in http://highered.mcgraw-
/sites/0072552980/student_view0/chapter8/multiple_choice_quiz.htm
by yeast. Given that anaerobic conditions are necessary to produce alcohol, can you explain why this step is necessary
Foundations, P252-253
• Metabolites can serve as building blocks生命控制中 心 or sources of energy
– Pyruvic acid can be converted into amino acids through amination
– Amino acids can be converted into energy sources through deamination(去氨基）
Dr. Qin LUO
The gluconeogenic pathway used in many microorganisms. The names of the four enzymes catalyzing reactions different from those found in glycolysis are in shaded boxes. Glycolysis steps are shown in blue for comparison.
Heterotrophs synthesize glucose from noncarbohydrate precursors in a process called gluconeogenesis糖原異生
-Gluconeogenesis is a functional reversal of glycolysis - Three steps cannot be directly reversed and therefore require separate enzymes or multi-enzyme systems
Reactions that produce and convert amino acids
The Synthesis of Amino Acids
草醯乙酸 -酮戊二酸
谷氨酸
The common pathway involves the synthesis of carbon skeletons, often by complex routes, from acetyl-CoA,TCA cycle intermediates, glycolytic intermediates, and pentose phosphate pathway intermediates and then the addition of nitrogen through transaminase reactions
Chapter Seven Microbial metabolism
7.1 The metabolism of microbes
7.2 The pursuit and utilization of energy
7.3 Pathways of bioenergetics
7.4 Biosynthesis and the crossing pathways of metabolism
bacteria on pyruvic acid
Fermentation
Chapter 7
Products of ferment4 Biosynthesis and the crossing pathways of metabolism
• Many pathways of metabolism are bi-directional or amphibolic
• Production of ethyl alcohol by yeasts acting on glucose • Formation of acid, gas & other products by the action of various
– Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate can be converted into precursors for amino acids, carbohydrates and fats
An amphibolic view of metabolism
Gluconeogenesis
2. Using the following simplifi ed chart, fill in a summary of the major starting compounds required and the products given off by each phase of metabolism. Use arrows to pinpoint approximately l where the reactions take place on the pathways.
The Synthesis of Purines, Pyrimidines, and Nucleotides
Purine
Lipids Synthesis
Fatty acids are synthesized using the substrates acetyl-CoA and malonyl(丙二醯)-CoA, the reductant NADPH, and a small protein called an acyl carrier protein to carry the growing fatty acid
2.Fermentation
Definition: Incomplete oxidation of glucose or other carbohydrates in the absence of oxygen.
• Uses organic compounds as terminal electron acceptors, such as pyruvate
3. What is unique about the actions of ATP synthase? 4. How are aerobic and anaerobic respiration different. 5. Explain the various ways that ruminant microbes contribute to cow nutrition. 6. Beer production requires an early period of rapid aerobic metabolism of glucose
An amphibolic view of metabolism
1. Do “Multiple Choice Quiz” in http://highered.mcgraw-
/sites/0072552980/student_view0/chapter8/multiple_choice_quiz.htm
by yeast. Given that anaerobic conditions are necessary to produce alcohol, can you explain why this step is necessary
Foundations, P252-253
• Metabolites can serve as building blocks生命控制中 心 or sources of energy
– Pyruvic acid can be converted into amino acids through amination
– Amino acids can be converted into energy sources through deamination(去氨基）
Dr. Qin LUO
The gluconeogenic pathway used in many microorganisms. The names of the four enzymes catalyzing reactions different from those found in glycolysis are in shaded boxes. Glycolysis steps are shown in blue for comparison.
Heterotrophs synthesize glucose from noncarbohydrate precursors in a process called gluconeogenesis糖原異生
-Gluconeogenesis is a functional reversal of glycolysis - Three steps cannot be directly reversed and therefore require separate enzymes or multi-enzyme systems
Reactions that produce and convert amino acids
The Synthesis of Amino Acids
草醯乙酸 -酮戊二酸
谷氨酸
The common pathway involves the synthesis of carbon skeletons, often by complex routes, from acetyl-CoA,TCA cycle intermediates, glycolytic intermediates, and pentose phosphate pathway intermediates and then the addition of nitrogen through transaminase reactions
Chapter Seven Microbial metabolism
7.1 The metabolism of microbes
7.2 The pursuit and utilization of energy
7.3 Pathways of bioenergetics
7.4 Biosynthesis and the crossing pathways of metabolism
bacteria on pyruvic acid
Fermentation
Chapter 7
Products of ferment4 Biosynthesis and the crossing pathways of metabolism
• Many pathways of metabolism are bi-directional or amphibolic