新概念英语57课讲义

Lesson57-58 An unusual day
一、单词与短语
O′clock: adv.点钟；表示时间只能用在整点之后，如：
I usually go to school at eight O′clock, and come home at five thirty.我通常八点整上学，五点半回家。

Shop: n.商店；关于shop常用的短语，go shopping:去商店买东西；
moment: n.片刻，瞬间；关于moment需要掌握的三个常见短语：at the moment:就在此时，现在；for the moment:当前，目前；in a moment:很快，一会儿；
二、短语句型语法
1、It is eight O′clock.现在是八点钟
此句中需要掌握用英语如何表达时间。

①如何表达时间？
在英语中常用的时间表达方式有两种。

一种是顺读法，先说时针所指的数字，后说分针所指的数字。

如9:20的英语表达为：nine twenty; 9:50的英语表达为：nine fifty.另一种是倒读法，就是先说分针所指的数字，再说时针所指的数字。

比如9:20的英语表达为：twenty past nine; 9:50的英语表达为：ten to ten; 9:30的英语表达为：half past nine;
在英语中，通常把时钟分成两半，前半小时用past（过），后半小时用to(差)来表达时间。

在表达15分钟及45分钟时，
可以用quarter(一刻)，同理，前半小时用past, 后半小时用to.比如9:15:的英语表达式为：a quarter past nine; 9:45的英语表达式为a quarter to ten.
②如何询问时间
询问时间常见的几种表达方式：
What time is it? What is the time?
What time is it by your watch?
Excuse me, have you got the time?
2、they are going to school on foot.
他们正步行上学
On foot:步行,是方式状语，另外表达用什么方式、凭什么工具经常用by加具体的名词，如：
by sea:乘船by ship:乘船by bus:乘公共汽车
by bike:骑自行车by air:乘飞机by plain:乘飞机
3、课文中重点短语集锦：
go to school:去上学on foot:步行stay at home: 呆在家里drink tea:喝茶in the living room:在卧室里
in the garden:在花园里do homework:做家庭作业
at the moment:此时此刻read newspaper: 读报纸
4、重点语法：现在进行时（一）
现在进行时是指正在发生的动作或事件，动作发生的时间是“现在”，动作目前的状态是“正在进行中”。

基本结构
现在进行时的基本构成是：主语+be（am/is/are）+动词的现在分词形式(v+ing),具体表现如下：
第一人称单数I+am+doing+Sth.
I am reading a book:我正在看书
第一人称复数We+are+doing +Sth.
We are playing football now:我们正在踢足球
第二人称单(复)数You+are+doing+Sth.
You are looking at the blackboard: 你们正在看黑板
第三人称单数He（She，it）+is+doing+Sth.
She is playing basketball:她正在打篮球
第三人称复数They+are+doing +Sth.
They are watching TV:他们正在看电视
动词现在分词的变化规则
①一般情况下，直接在动词后加－ing
work ---- working; sleep ----- sleeping; study ----- studying ②动词以不发音的－e结尾，要去－e加－ing
take ----- taking make ----- making dance ----- dancing come – coming close – closing ride – riding
move – moving have – having
③重读闭音节,且末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词，要双写词尾字母，再加－ing
cut ----- cutting put ----- putting begin ------ beginning
sit--- sitting get---getting shop---shopping
swim--- swimming run ---running
④以ie结尾的动词，把ie变成y再加－ing，常用的有以下三个：
lie ----- lying tie ----- tying die ----- dying
基本用法
①现在进行时表示现在正在进行的动作或发生的事情：
I am reading a book:我正在看书
She is playing basketball:她正在打篮球
They are watching TV:他们正在看电视
②现在进行时表示“现阶段内”正在发生的事情，动作不一定正在进行：
Tom, are you still working in that factory?
汤姆，你还在那家工厂工作吗啊？
She is teaching at a night school。

她在夜校教书
Do not take the ladder away, your father is using it.
别把梯子拿走，你父亲在用呢啊（不一定正在用）
句型转换
①在现在进行时的状态之下，把肯定句变成一般疑问句，只需要把be提前即可。

My father is reading a newspaper 变成一般疑问句：
Is your father reading a newspaper?
Yes, he is .
No, he is′t
②在现在进行时的状态之下，把肯定句变成否定句，只需在be动词之后加not即可，如：
I am working→I am not working.
He is running→He isn't running
They are playing football→They aren't playing football.
标志词:a t the moment; now；look!；listen!等
课后练习
（一）
It was half-past eight in the morning. The telephone bell rang and Mary went to answer it.
"It's me-Peter."
"Hello, who's that?" she asked.
Peter was a friend of Mary's eight-year-old brother, John.
"Oh hello, Peter. What do you want?" said Mary.
"Can I speak to John?"
"No", said Mary," you can't speak to him now.
He is busy. He is getting ready for school. He is eating his breakfast. Grandmother is combing his hair. Sister is under the table, putting his shoes on. Mother is getting his books and putting them in his school bag. Goodbye, I've got to go now. I have to hold the door open. The school bus is coming.
1. Who went to answer it when the telephone bell rang?______
A. John's sister
B. Peter
C. John
D. John's mother
2. Whom did Peter want to speak to? _______
A. Mary's brother
B. Mary's sister
C. Mary's grandmother
D. John's mother
3. John couldn't speak to Peter because John _______.
A. was combing his hair
B. was putting his shoes on
C. was getting his books
D. was busy eating his breakfast
4. How do you say to a stranger who is answering your telephone?______
A. Who are you?
B. Anything to say?
C. Who is it?
D. Please
5. From this story we know that John was_____.
A. a lazy boy
B. a clever boy
C. a busy boy
D. a hungry boy
（二）
A very new, young officer was at a station. He was on his way to visit his mother in another town, and he wanted to telephone her to tell her the time of this train , so that she could meet him at the station in her car．He look in all his pockets, but round that he did not have the right money for the telephone, so he went outside and looked around for someone to help him.
At last an old soldier came by, and the young officer stopped him and said, “Have you got change（零钱）for ten pence（便士）?”
“Wait a moment, ” the old soldier answered. He began to put his hand in his pock- et, “I'll see whether I can help you. ”
“Don't you know how to speak to an officer?” the young man said angrily. “Now let's start again. Have you got change for ten pence? ” “No, sir,” the old soldier answered quickly. 1．The young officer and his mother lived______.
A．in the same town
B．in different places
C．in another city
D．in the other town
2．The young officer Wanted to telephone his mother to tell her______.
A．that he was going to visit her
B．where his train would leave for
C．what time his train would arrive at the station
D．that he was then at the station
3．He looked around for help because he______.
A．had no money to make the phone call
B．did not know where to make the phone call
C．needed some change for the phone call
D．wanted to get change from the old soldier
4．The young officer was angry because he thought the old
soldier______.
A．was polite to him
B．was not polite to him
C．didn't know how to speak to him
D．didn't like to help him at all
5．Which of the following is not true?
A．Both the young officer and the old soldier were angry.
B．The young officer wanted his mother to meet him at the
station.
C．He wanted the old soldier to speak in a polite way.
D．He didn't know the soldier before.。