高考英语专项训练28 疾病与养生(深睡眠减少老年痴呆,太极拳抑制帕金森)

专项训练28疾病与养生
一、话题语法填空
深睡眠减少老年痴呆
Loss of slow-wave sleep as you age may increase your risk of developing dementia（痴呆）, according to a new study.
"We found that aging was associated with a decline in the amount of the deepest stages of sleep, known as slow wave sleep,” said Matthew P Pase, senior author of the study published Monday in the journal JAMA Neurology, via email.
"We then found that persons with greater declines in slow wave sleep over time had a higher risk of getting dementia over the next 17 years of follow-up," said Pase via email.
Slow-wave sleep is the third stage of sleep, which is important for brain health. During this stage, the body removes unwanted, or potentially harmful, materials from the brain — including beta-amyloid protein, a hallmark sign of Alzheimer's disease.
"Results suggest that chronic declines in slow wave sleep, rather than individual differences at any given time, are important for predicting dementia risk." Pase said.
The researchers studied 346 people who were age 69 on average and had participated in the Framingham Heart Study and completed two overnight sleep studies — one between 1995 to 1998 and the second between 1998 to 2001 — during which their sleep was monitored. Launched by the US National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute in 1948, the Framingham Heart Study identifies common factors contributing to cardiovascular disease.
The authors also investigated whether any changes in the amount of slow-wave sleep that participants got was associated with developing dementia up to 17 years after they completed the sleep studies.
Those who experienced declines in this deep sleep were more likely to have cardiovascular disease, take medications that affect sleep and carry a gene that makes people more at risk for Alzheimer’s (the APOE ε4 allele).
"This is an important study yet again showing the impact of quality of sleep on a person's risk of cognitive decline and dementia," Isaacson said. "It's important to not only pay attention to the total amount a person is sleeping each night, but also monitor sleep quality as best as possible."
太极拳抑制帕金森
Those who practised the martial art twice a week had fewer complications（并发症）and better quality of life than those who didn't, the researchers say.
Experts say the findings back up previous studies on the benefits of exercise for those with Parkinson's. The study, from Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, monitored the health of hundreds of Parkinson's patients for up to five years. One group of 147 people practised regular tai chi while another group of 187 did not.
The researchers found that the disease progressed more slowly in the tai chi group on measurements of symptoms, movement and balance. This group also saw fewer falls, less back pain and dizziness, with memory and concentration problems also lower than in the other group.
At the same time, sleep and quality of life continuously improved.
A previous trial of people with Parkinson's who practised tai chi for six months found greater improvements in walking, posture and balance than those not on the programme.
Writing in the Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery & Psychiatry, researchers say their study shows "that tai chi retains the long-term beneficial effect on Parkinson's disease". They say tai chi could be used to manage Parkinson's on a long-term basis and prolong quality of life, while still helping to keep patients active.
二、话题阅读
1．C 2．B 3．A 4．D
【来源】四川省南充高级中学2022-2023学年高三下学期5月考考试英语试题
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是旅游中的睡眠问题和睡眠旅游的兴起。

1．推理判断题。

根据第一段的“Vacations are being redefined to improve your wellness experience. The new popular word is “sleep tourism” and the focus is on ensuring that you rest well at night and actually return from your vacation feeling refreshed and energetic.(假期正在被重新定义，以改善你的健康体验。

最近流行的一个词是“睡眠旅游”，其重点是确保你在晚上休息得很好，假期结束后感觉神清气爽、精力充沛。

)”可知，假期的重新定义是为了强调假期放松的目的。

故选C。

2．词句猜测题。

根据第三段的“Urban hotels may be centrally located, but noisy traffic and flashing city lights(城市旅馆可能位于市中心，但嘈杂的交通和闪烁的城市灯光)”和“hotel rooms(酒店客房)”可知，嘈杂的交通和闪烁的城市灯光经常会弥漫在酒店房间里，也就是房间里充满了城市的灯光和嘈杂的交通的声音，因此划线词pervade的意思是“充满”，和fill意思相近。

故选B。

3．细节理解题。

根据倒数第三段的“The mattresses can also track sleep statistics and offer vacationers feedback on their sleep patterns.(这些床垫还可以跟踪睡眠统计数据，并为度假者提供睡眠模式的反馈。

)”可知，人工智能床垫能为度假者监控他们的睡眠，故选A。

4．推理判断题。

通读全文，尤其是第二段的“They rush from site to site, eat meals at all hours of the day, and watch shows at night. Sleep is often put aside.(他们从一个地点赶到另一个地点，在一天的任何时间吃饭，晚上看节目。

睡眠常常被放在一边。

)”，第三段的“When vacationers finally get to their hotel room at night, they find it hard to sleep.(当度假者终于在晚上回到酒店房间时，他们发现很难入睡。

)”和倒数第三段的“Sleep tourism addresses these issues and more.(睡眠旅游解决了这些问题，甚至更多。

)”可知，本文先提出了外出旅游的人的睡眠问题，再提到睡眠旅游解决了这些问题，因此文章是通过解释问题及其解决方案来展开的。

故选D。

5．D 6．B 7．C 8．C
【来源】四川省凉山州西昌市2022-2023学年高一上学期期中考试英语试题
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。

这篇文章主要讲述了睡眠对人们健康的重要性，以及一些小提示来帮助人们更好地获得足够的睡眠。

5．细节理解题。

根据第一段中“Tired people intend (倾向) to be unhappy ones, and their schoolwork suffers, says
a recent study by the US National Sleep Foundation. (美国国家睡眠基金会最近的一项研究表明，疲劳的人倾向于成为不快乐的人，他们的学业也会受到影响。

)”以及第二段中“If you don’t get enough sleep at night, you tend to sleep in school. If you’re asleep, you don’t learn anything (如果你晚上睡眠不足，你就会在学校里睡觉。

如果你睡着了，你什么也学不到。

)”可知，得不到充足睡眠的人会不开心，学业受到影响以及在下午容易睡觉，这些都能发生。

D选项“He suffers a heart attack. (他心脏病发作。

)”文中并未提及，故D选项与原文信息不符。

故选D。

6．细节理解题。

根据第四段中“ And the Sleep Foundation says that teenagers need 8. 5 to nine hours.(睡眠基金会表示，青少年需要8.5到9个小时的睡眠时间。

)”可知，青少年即13岁的孩子大概需要8.5到9个小时的睡眠时间。

故选B。

7．细节理解题。

根据最后一段中“So, switch off the TV, computer and the lights. Oh, yes, and sweet dreams!( 所以，关掉电视，电脑和灯。

哦，是的，做个好梦!)”可知，文章建议关掉电视，电脑和灯等能够有好的睡眠。

故选C。

8．推理判断题。

根据文章第一段中“When you get older your parents let you stay up later. But that doesn’t make it a good idea. Tired people intend (倾向) to be unhappy ones, and their schoolwork suffers, says a recent study by the US National Sleep Foundation.(当你长大后，你的父母会让你晚睡。

但这不是个好主意。

美国国家睡眠基金会(National Sleep Foundation)最近的一项研究表明，疲劳的人倾向于成为不快乐的人，他们的学业也会受到影响。

)”以及通读全文可知，文章是以孩子的口吻来进行描述，介绍了睡眠对人们健康的重要性，以及一些小提示来帮助孩子们更好地获得足够的睡眠，由此推断这篇文章主要是为孩子们写的。

故选C。

9．D 10．A 11．B 12．C
【来源】河南省南阳六校2023-2024学年高二上学期期中考试英语试题
【导语】这是一篇说明文。

文章主要说明了有些海洋哺乳动物一天只睡2个小时，科学家针对这个现象进行了科学研究，研究发现这些动物的睡眠模式反映了其大脑的生存控制能力。

9．细节理解题。

根据第三段“Female seals go out on longer open-ocean trips while males only feed in coastal waters. Because of this, the researchers only studied female seals.(雌海豹外出觅食的时间更长，而雄海豹只在沿海水域觅食。

正因为如此，研究人员只研究了雌性海豹)”可知，研究人员只研究雌性象海豹是因为其外出觅食时间更长。

故选D项。

10．细节理解题。

根据第四段“During dives lasting about 30 minutes, the seals went into a deep sleep called slow-wave sleep while keeping a controlled downward movement.(在持续约30分钟的潜水中，海豹进入一种称为慢波睡眠的深度睡眠，同时保持有控制的向下运动)”可知，海象在深度睡眠的时候，会向更深处下沉。

故选A项。

11．细节理解题。

根据倒数第二段“She added that the seals solve this problem by going into deep sleep in the deep parts of the oceans where predators usually do not hunt them.(她补充说，海豹通过在海洋深处进入深度睡眠来解决这个问题，因为捕食者通常不会捕杀它们)”可知，海豹在海洋深处进行深度睡眠的时候，可以避开捕食者
的捕杀。

故选B项。

12．主旨大意题。

文章第一段说明了有些哺乳动物睡眠时间很少，第二段介绍了科学家的一项研究发现，即有些海洋哺乳动物一天只睡2个小时，接下来分段介绍了科学家针对海洋哺乳动物的睡眠时间而展开的研究过程、研究成果及研究结论，所以整篇文章是围绕海洋哺乳动物一天只睡两个小说来展开的。

由此可知，C选项“雌性海象每天只睡两个小时”适合作本文最佳标题。

故选C项。

13．A 14．C 15．D 16．D
【来源】四川省成都市第七中学2022-2023学年高一下学期期末考试英语试题
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。

文章主要讲述了一种研究阿尔茨海默病的新方法。

13．推理判断题。

根据第一、二段“For nearly three decades, we have waited anxiously for an effective drug that could defeat Alzheimer’s disease. We believed we had identified the root cause behind this condition: sticky clumps of the protein beta- amyloid (β 淀粉样蛋白) in the brain. Even as drug after drug on this target failed to make a difference to symptoms, we continued to pour more money into the effort.(近三十年来，我们一直在焦急地等待一种有效的药物来战胜阿尔茨海默氏症。

我们相信我们已经找到了这种使人衰弱的疾病背后的根本原因：大脑中黏糊糊的β-淀粉样蛋白块。

尽管针对这一目标的一种又一种药物未能改变症状，我们仍继续投入更多的资金)”和“Regrettably, it is now becoming clear that this time could have been better spent zooming out (相
机镜头变焦以使景物缩小) from beta-amyloid, to look at the big picture of possible Alzheimer’s causes.(令人遗
憾的是，现在越来越清楚的是，这段时间本可以更好地从β淀粉样蛋白中放大，以了解阿尔茨海默病可能病因的全貌)”可推知，作者认为我们关注阿尔茨海默氏症背后的一个单一的原因太久了。

故选A项
14．推理判断题。

根据第四段“By thinking of Alzheimer’s in the same way as we do various conditions like heart disease, researchers are now combining knowledge from across disciplines ( 学科) to identify, and tackle, the many known risk factors.(通过以我们研究心脏病等多种疾病的相同方式来研究阿尔茨海默病，研究人员现在正在结合各学科的知识来识别和处理许多已知的风险因素)”可推知，本段提到心脏病，作者是为了说明阿尔茨海默病的病因是多种多样、跨学科的。

故选C项。

15．推理判断题。

根据第六段“Accepting that Alzheimer’s is more complicated than we thought might seem discouraging. And yet, targeting the many factors in the disease, including the role of infections, diet, sleep habits and inflammation (发炎), puts some control back in our own hands, because these are things we can all do something about. It means we don’t have to simply wait for drug companies to deliver: we can also cut our own chances of getting dementia.(接受阿尔茨海默氏症比我们想象的更复杂似乎令人沮丧。

然而，针对疾病中的许多因素，包括感染、饮食、睡眠习惯和炎症的作用，我们可以重新掌握一些控制权，因为这些都是我们可以做的事情。

这意味着我们不必简单地等待制药公司的交付：我们还可以减少自己患痴呆症的机会)”可推知，有了新的观察阿尔茨海默病的方法，人们更有可能降低患阿尔茨海默病的可能性。

故选D项。

16．主旨大意题。

根据第一段“For nearly three decades, we have waited anxiously for an effective drug that could defeat Alzheimer’s disease. (近三十年来，我们一直在焦急地等待一种可以战胜阿尔茨海默病的有效药物)”；第二段“Regrettably, it is now becoming clear that this time could have been better spent zooming out (相机镜头变
焦以使景物缩小) from beta-amyloid, to look at the big picture of possible Alzheimer’s causes.(令人遗憾的是，现在越来越清楚的是，这段时间本可以更好地从β淀粉样蛋白中放大，以了解阿尔茨海默病可能病因的全貌)”和最后一段“Tunnel vision has held us back for too long. With this new approach, a single effective drug might well be out of the picture, but instead, there is a real possibility that we could break down Alzheimer’s by a thousand tiny cuts.(狭隘的视野阻碍我们太久了。

有了这种新方法，一种单一有效的药物可能就不存在了，但相反，我们有可能通过一千个微小的突破口来消除阿尔茨海默病)”可知，文章主要讲述放大画面有助于降低患阿尔茨海默氏症的风险。

故选D项。

三、话题语法填空
17．popularity 18．a 19．released 20．comments 21．to 22．which 23．Dating 24．consists 25．more suitable 26．to relax
【来源】河南省平顶山许昌济源洛阳四市2023-2024学年高三上学期第一次质量检测英语试题
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。

文章主要介绍了拥有悠长历史的健身运动——八段锦。

17．考查名词。

句意：八段筋，一种被认为是老年人独特的运动方式，在中国的年轻人中很受欢迎。

设空处在句中作宾语应用名词的形式，表示抽象概念，为不可数名词。

故填popularity。

18．考查冠词。

句意：在中国视频平台哔哩哔哩上可以找到1000多个关于八段锦的视频。

设空处后为名词单数，表示泛指，应用不定冠词，空后的形容词为辅音音素开头。

故填a。

19．考查非谓语动词。

句意：中国体育总局发布的一段教育公众的视频已经获得了大约1000万的点击量和约6000条评论。

设空处在句中作非谓语，和其逻辑主语之间是逻辑的被动关系。

应用动词过去分词的形式作定语，故填released。

20．考查名词。

句意见上题解析。

设空处为名词在句中作宾语，空前为“about 6,000”可知，设空处应为名词复数的形式。

故填comments。

21．考查介词。

句意：一位网友说：我们学校要求我们做这个练习，并把视频发给了我们的体育老师。

send sth to sb将某物寄送给某人，故填to。

22．考查定语从句的引导词。

句意：电影明星和健身博主也在做这项运动，这吸引了大量的粉丝。

设空处引导非限制性定语从句，且在句中作主语，主语为前面的整个句子，应用which，故填which。

23．考查非谓语动词。

句意：八大斤的历史可以追溯到宋朝(420-479)，已有800多年的历史。

设空处在句中为非谓语作状语，和句子的逻辑主语之间是逻辑的主动关系，应用现在分词的形式，位于句首，首字母应该大写。

故填Dating。

24．考查谓语动词。

句意：它包括八个动作，用四肢刺激体内的经络。

设空处在句中作谓语，叙述客观事实，应用一般现在时，主语为it，结合主谓一致。

故填consists。

25．考查形容词。

句意：与太极拳相比，八段锦动作简单柔和，更适合初学者。

设空处应为形容词在句中作表语，根据“Compared with Tai Chi(与太极拳相比)”可知，设空处应用形容词的比较级的形式。

故填more suitable。

26．考查非谓语动词。

句意：它可以增强免疫力，使人放松。

设空处在句中作非谓语，enable sb to do sth使某人能够做某事，设空处应用动词不定式的形式。

故填to relax。

27．Although/Though/While 28．to show 29．that 30．traditional 31．named 32．has been practising 33．who 34．enthusiasm 35．increasingly 36．in
【来源】江苏省百校联考2023-2024学年高三上学期第一次考试英语试题
【导语】这是一篇说明文。

2020年12月17日，中国太极拳被列入联合国教科文组织《人类非物质文化遗产代表作名录》，这让人们对太极拳的热情愈加高涨，文章对此进行了介绍。

27．考查让步状语从句。

句意：虽然两年多过去了，陈兵仍然对此感到兴奋。

根据“more than two years have passed”和“Chen Bing is still excited about it”可知，前后构成让步转折关系，所以应用连词
although/though/while表示“尽管”引导让步状语从句。

句首首字母应大写。

故填Although/Though/While。

28．考查动词不定式。

句意：陈兵是第一个在向联合国教科文组织提交的介绍影片中展示太极拳经典动作的人。

the first to do意为“第一个做某事的人”，所以此处应用to do不定式作后置定语。

故填to show。

29．考查宾语从句。

句意：他说：“这向我证明，我所从事的事业是世界级的，是为了全人类。

”在宾语从句中不缺少主语、宾语或表语，且不缺少意义，所以应用从属连词that。

故填that。

30．考查形容词。

句意：太极拳受到道教、儒家思想和传统中医理论的影响。

修饰名词medicine应用形容词traditional表示“传统的”作定语。

故填traditional。

31．考查过去分词。

句意：它已经发展成许多流派或风格，通常以宗派或大师命名，如陈式和杨式。

动词name意为“给……命名”，和谓语之间没有连词，和逻辑主语many schools or styles构成被动关系，且动作已完成，所以应用过去分词形式作定语。

故填named。

32．考查现在完成进行时和主谓一致。

句意：他从六岁开始就在他的叔叔陈小王和陈小星的指导下练习陈式太极拳，陈小王和陈小星是河南陈式太极拳的两位标志性人物。

根据“since he was six years old”可知，此处是指动作发生在过去，一直持续到现在，在将来的某段时间里仍将进行，所以应用现在完成进行时。

主语he为第三人称单数。

故填has been practising。

33．考查定语从句。

句意：他从六岁开始就在他的叔叔陈小王和陈小星的指导下练习陈式太极拳，陈小王和陈小星是河南陈式太极拳的两位标志性人物。

在非限制性定语从句中缺少主语，且先行词为人，所以应用关系代词who引导定语从句。

故填who。

34．考查名词。

句意：近年来，中国公众的热情大大提高。

此处作主语应用名词enthusiasm表示“热情”。

故填enthusiasm。

35．考查副词。

句意：为了让太极拳越来越受欢迎，陈还开发了一些简化版的动作，以帮助人们在办公室放松。

此处修饰形容词popular应用副词increasingly表示“越发地”作状语。

故填increasingly。

36．考查介词。

句意：他培养了400多名弟子，这些弟子又把这些知识传授给他们的学生。

in turn意为“相应地，类似地”，为固定搭配，所以此处应用介词in。

故填in。

四、话题作文
Good morning, everyone! It’s my great honor to be here to give you a speech about tai chi, which is a kind of traditional Chinese martial art with a history of about 400 years.
Tai chi is not only an ancient martial art, but has also been widely acknowledged as an effective health exercise. Famous for its graceful and well-balanced movements, tai chi provides the mental relaxation and physical fitness that are so essential in our modern stressful lives.
Before you start, to begin with, get an experienced coach. Secondly, do warm­-up exercise before practicing. Last but not least, practice it every day and don’t give up halfway. I am sure you will make great progress if you keep on doing it. Thanks for your listening!
【来源】安徽省舒城晓天中学2022-2023学年高一上学期期中考试英语试题
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。

要求考生李华写一篇发言稿，向来访的美国学生代表团想介绍中国太极拳。

【详解】1.词汇积累
演讲：speech → presentation
其次：secondly→ what’s more
有经验的：experienced → expert
坚持：keep on → stick to
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：Secondly, do warm-up exercise before practicing.
拓展句：Secondly, do warm-up exercise before you are practicing.
【点睛】【高分句型1】It’s my great honor to be here to give you a speech about tai chi, which is a kind of traditional Chinese martial art with a history of about 400 years.（运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句）【高分句型2】I am sure you will make great progress if you keep on doing it.（运用了省略that的宾语从句和if 引导的条件状语从句）。