句子成分和句子结构(单选题 30题 含解析)初中英语专题练习 (1)
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句子成分和句子结构(单选题 30题含解析)初中英语专题练习一、单选题
1. I go to the movies once a week.()
A.宾语B.状语C.表语D.定语
2.( ) 2. Rose was always late for school and her teacher got mad with her.
A. sad
B. angry
C. excited
3.I can't find my pen. Could you help____________ find it?
A. me B. her C. him D. them 4.There are some volunteers in the park.()
A.表语B.宾语C.主语D.定语
5._________ were all very tired, but none of _________ would stop to take a rest.
A.We; us B.Us; we
C.We; our D.We; we
6. There will be more forests for pandas to live in.()
A.定语B.表语C.主语D.宾语
7.( ) 7. She regretted saying the bad words to her mother. Now she feels ashamed.
A. was sorry for
B. was happy with
C. was interested in
8. The woman in a red coat is my mother.()
A.宾语B.状语C.表语D.定语
9.( ) 10. I suggest that you should get up earlier.
A. advise
B. think
C. remind
10.They ________ take a short rest.
A. stopped to
B. stop
C. stopped
D. stopping 11.He got up _________ yesterday morning.
A.lately B.late C.latest D.latter
12. I don't know how to deal with the problem.()
A.状语B.表语C.宾语D.宾补
13.( ) 15. I haven’t heard from her for a long time.
A. heard of her
B. received her letter
C. listened to her
14.(﹣_____ good grades I hope to get in this exam!
﹣I'm sure you will.()
A.What B.What a C.How D.How a
15.﹣﹣﹣I know nothing about the film Titanic.
﹣﹣﹣_____.()
A.Neither do I B.So do I
C.Neither did I D.So did I
16.﹣﹣﹣ Last summer holiday, I didn't go anywhere. How boring!
﹣﹣﹣. But I'm going somewhere for a holiday this summer.()A.Neither I did B.Neither did I
C.So did I D.So I did
17.Either the students or the teacher him very well.()
A.knows B.to know C.know D.knew
18._____exciting news it is! 3D﹣﹣printed houses will come out!()A.What B.What an C.How D.How an
19.____ smart the driverless car is! I really want to have one.()A.What B.What a C.What an D.How
20.﹣___________wonderful the music is! What's its name?
﹣Victory.()
A.How B.How a C.What D.What a
21. special classes we had! We have learned a lot about paper cutting.()A.What B.What a C.How a D.How
22.Tony, neverthat again!()
A.does B.do C.did D.doing
23.﹣What does he say?
﹣He says there_____ a meeting tomorrow morning.()
A.is B.has C.will be D.have
24.﹣ People choose high﹣speed train or self﹣driving to travel on holidays.﹣ ________ fast the traditional travel ways change!()
A.What B.How C.What a D.How a
25. Nowadays, there ________ more heroes in China. We admire them a lot.()A.is B.are C.was D.were
26. ________ clever dog Lucky is! It can understand Mr. Smith's orders.()
A.What B.What a C.How D.How a
27.﹣Have you watched the movie named Amazing China(《厉害了,我的国》)?
﹣Sure, I have. _____ great achievements our country has made!.()
A.What a B.What an C.What D.How
28. Neither Tom nor I________ interested in playing WeChat.()
A.am B.is C.are D.be
29. The self﹣driving plane proves to be useful in many ways.___smart invention it is!()A.What B.What a C.What an D.How
30.﹣___convenient it is to live in China!
﹣Yes, we've got WeChat, shared bikes, Alipay, etc.()
A.What a B.What C.How a D.How
【参考答案】
一、单选题
1. I go to the movies once a week.()
A.宾语B.状语C.表语D.定语
【分析】我每周看一次电影.
【解答】本题考查的是状语的用法.分析:句子的主语是I;谓语动词是go to the movies; once a week(每周一次)是时间状语,表示频率.
故选:B.
【点评】解答本题时,先要弄清句意以及各部分做什么成分.
2.【答案】 B
【解析】罗斯上学总是迟到,她的老师生她的气。
A、可悲的
B、愤怒的
C、兴奋
3.【答案】A
【解析】代词,根据句子中的主语I与所填的词做宾语,故用me。
4. There are some volunteers in the park.()
A.表语B.宾语C.主语D.定语
【分析】在公园里有一些志愿者.
【解答】"there be+名词+介词短语"是固定句式,是倒装句,在这个句式中,there be后面的名词是主语.
故选:C.
【点评】考查主语,要熟练掌握各种形式的主语.
5.【答案】A
【解析】考查主语和宾语成分。
前一句中动词前,缺主语,排除B;后一句中缺宾语,故选A。
6. There will be more forests for pandas to live in.()
A.定语B.表语C.主语D.宾语
【分析】将有更多的森林供熊猫居住.
【解答】考查句子成分.句意"将有更多的森林供熊猫居住.".there be 是一种特殊的倒装句,be动词后面的名词即为主语.因此more forests 更多的森林,是主语.
故选:C.
【点评】英语句子中通常包括主谓宾定状补等.结合语境,判断句子的成分.这里考虑there be的倒装句形式.主语通常放在后.
7.【答案】 A
【解析】她后悔对她母亲说了那些坏话。
现在她感到羞耻。
A、很抱歉
B、很高兴
C、对…感兴趣
8. The woman in a red coat is my mother.()
A.宾语B.状语C.表语D.定语
【分析】那个穿着红外套的妇女是我的妈妈.
【解答】根据划线词语前面的词语是名词woman,in a red coat是介词短语,作定语修饰woman,因此可知这句话的意思是"那个穿着红外套的妇女是我的妈妈."
故选:D.
【点评】首先要掌握各种语法成分的用法,然后结合具体的题目,就可以确定正确答案.9.【答案】 A
【解析】我建议你早点起床。
A、建议
B、思考
C、提醒
10.
【答案】A
【解析】【分析】句意:他们停下来休息。
简单句,主语+不及物动词+不定式目的状语,stop,不及物动词,停下来,故选A。
【点评】考查主语+不及物动词,注意句子时态。
11.【答案】B
【解析】考查状语成分。
根据句意:他昨天早上很晚起床,缺少修饰起床的状语,A.最近;B.晚,迟;C.最新的;D.后来,故选B。
12. I don't know how to deal with the problem.()
A.状语B.表语C.宾语D.宾补
【分析】我不知道如何处理这个问题.
【解答】考查不定式作宾语.句中的疑问词how + 不定式放在及物动词know 后面作宾语.
故选:C.
【点评】做单项选择填空的技巧是:排除比较法.根据上下文意思或时间状语,推断出合适的时态,排除错误的答案,然后再比较剩下的选择项,从而做出正确的答案.13.【答案】 B
【解析】我好久没有她的消息了。
A、听说过她吗
B、收到她的信
C、听了她的话
14.﹣_____ good grades I hope to get in this exam!
﹣I'm sure you will.()
A.What B.What a C.How D.How a
【分析】﹣我希望这次考试我能取得很好的成绩!﹣我相信你会的.
【解答】根据题干中的感叹号可知该句是感叹句,英文中感叹句通常是由what和how 引导,what的中心词是名词,how则是形容词或者副词.根据题干中可知说话人希望自己这次考试能取得好成绩,其中grade是名词,且是复数形式,则应用what.
故选:A.
【点评】本题考查感叹句,基础题,掌握感叹句的用法,该知识点也是中考的考点,再根据题干即可作出选择.
15.﹣﹣﹣I know nothing about the film Titanic.
﹣﹣﹣_____.()
A.Neither do I B.So do I
C.Neither did I D.So did I
【分析】﹣﹣我对电影《泰坦尼克号》一无所知.
﹣﹣我也是.
【解答】Neither+系动词/助动词/情态动词+主语表达否定,意为"另一者也不…".So+系动词/助动词/情态动词+主语表达肯定,表示"另一者也…".这两种倒装结构都是前面的情况也适用于另一个主语.从对话来看,可知是两者之间的对话,另外根据句意"I know nothing about the film Titanic"可知后者我也一无所知,所以要用neither引起的倒装,结合上一句中的"know nothing ",助动词要用do.
故选:A.
【点评】首先要明白neither和so这两个词引起倒装的用法,然后根据具体的句意,去选择用哪一个结构,另外还要注意助动词的选择.
16.﹣﹣﹣ Last summer holiday, I didn't go anywhere. How boring!
﹣﹣﹣. But I'm going somewhere for a holiday this summer.()
A.Neither I did B.Neither did I
C.So did I D.So I did
【分析】﹣去年暑假,我没有去任何地方.多么无聊!
﹣我也没去.但是今年夏天我要去某个地方度假.
【解答】根据句意:﹣去年暑假,我没有去任何地方.多么无聊!﹣我也没去.但是今年夏天我要去某个地方度假.由Last summer holiday, I didn't go anywhere. How boring!可知句子是否定句,用neither,而so用于肯定句;neither+动词+主语,表示前者叙述的情况和后者一样.
故选:B.
【点评】熟悉到撞击的用法,结合题意,给出答案.
17. Either the students or the teacher him very well.()
A.knows B.to know C.know D.knew
【分析】不是学生对他非常了解就是那个老师对他非常了解.
【解答】本题考查的是主谓一致的相关知识.分析:本题时态是一般现在
时.either…or…(要么…要么…;或者…或者…)连接两个名词或代词作主语时,谓语动词遵循就近原则,就是说在人称或数上与后面的主语保持一致.本题的谓语动词应该和the teacher保持一致,只有A符合要求.
故选:A.
【点评】解答本题时,要先掌握either…or的用法特点.
18. _____exciting news it is! 3D﹣﹣printed houses will come out!()A.What B.What an C.How D.How an
【分析】多么令人兴奋的消息啊!3D打印房屋即将问世!
【解答】分析句子结构可知考查感叹句,在感叹句中,what修饰名词,how修饰形容词/副词,根据exciting news it is可知句型结构为:What +形容词+不可数名词+主语+谓语动词!句中news消息,不可数名词
故选:A.
【点评】解答此类试题时,务必根据题目的要求,在准确理解句子意思的前提下,结合时态准确作答
19. ____ smart the driverless car is! I really want to have one.()
A.What B.What a C.What an D.How
【分析】无人驾驶汽车多聪明啊!我真的想要拥有一辆.
【解答】根据句子结构可知是感叹句,what修饰名词,how修饰形容词/副词,语境中smart形容词,聪明的,主语the driverless car ,How+形容词+主语+谓语!
故选:D.
【点评】解答此类试题时,务必根据题目的要求,在准确理解句子意思的前提下,结合时态准确作答
20.﹣___________wonderful the music is! What's its name?
﹣Victory.()
A.How B.How a C.What D.What a
【分析】﹣﹣多么美妙的音乐!它叫什么名字?
﹣﹣胜利.
【解答】根据句子结构可知此感叹句的构成是:How+形容词 +主语+谓语!wonderful形容词,绝妙的.根据意思:多么美妙的音乐!它叫什么名字?
故选:A.
【点评】解答此类题型时,需要学生根据句意、时态和固定搭配等按题目要求作答.21. special classes we had! We have learned a lot about paper cutting.()A.What B.What a C.How a D.How
【分析】我们上了多么特别的课!我们学到了很多剪纸的知识.
【解答】考查感叹句.A.What什么.B.What a一个什么.C.How a一个怎
么.D.How怎么.感叹句结构是What a/an+形容词+名词+主语+谓语!或How+形容词+主语+谓语!原句classes是名词复数.用What.
故选:A.
【点评】感叹句可以用how或what引导,两者有一定区别,要掌握该知识点,然后结合语境选择正确形式,完成试题.
22. Tony, neverthat again!()
A.does B.do C.did D.doing
【分析】Tony,不要再那样做了.
【解答】根据句意:Tony,不要再那样做了.可知句子为祈使句,用动词原形.
故选:B.
【点评】熟悉祈使句的用法,结合题意,给出答案.
23.﹣What does he say?
﹣He says there_____ a meeting tomorrow morning.()
A.is B.has C.will be D.have
【分析】﹣﹣他说什么?
﹣﹣他说明天上午有个会议.
【解答】根据He says there_____ a meeting tomorrow morning,这里tomorrow morning 是一个将来的时间,所以句子考查there be句型的一般将来时,there is/are going to be或者there will be,结合选项.
故选:C.
【点评】熟悉there be句型的基本用法,结合题意,给出答案.
24.﹣ People choose high﹣speed train or self﹣driving to travel on holidays.﹣ ________ fast the traditional travel ways change!()
A.What B.How C.What a D.How a
【分析】﹣﹣人们选择高速列车或自驾游度假.
﹣﹣传统的旅游方式变化多快啊!
【解答】考查感叹句.感叹句可以是how+形容词+主语+谓语!或what a/an+形容词+名词=主语+谓语!这里形容词是fast快的.主语the traditional travel ways传统的旅游方式.谓语change改变.用how.
故选:B.
【点评】感叹句可以用how或what引导,两者有一定区别,要掌握该知识点,然后结合语境选择正确形式,完成试题.
25. Nowadays, there ________ more heroes in China. We admire them a lot.()A.is B.are C.was D.were
【分析】现在,中国有更多的英雄,我们非常钦佩他们.
【解答】本题考查There be句型.根据Nowadays可知应用一般现在时,先排除C和
D ,主语是more heroes 是复数形式,故be动词要用are.
故选:B.
【点评】考查there be句型,there be 结构中的谓语动词be在人称和数上应与临近主语一致.要结合语境选择合适用法.注意时态,人称等变化.
26. ________ clever dog Lucky is! It can understand Mr. Smith's orders.()A.What B.What a C.How D.How a
【分析】Lucky是一只多么聪明的狗啊!它能明白史密斯先生的指令.
【解答】本题考查感叹句的结构.句意 Lucky是一只多么聪明的狗啊!它能明白史密斯先生的指令.感叹名词 dog要用What,先排除C和D,又因为dog是可数名词的单数形式,What后要加不定冠词.
故选:B.
【点评】(1)若形容词后紧跟可数名词单数,就用what a/an;是不可数名词或可数名词复数,只用what.
(2)若形容词后紧跟a/an/the/my/your/this/that/Tom's等成分,就用how.
27.﹣Have you watched the movie named Amazing China(《厉害了,我的国》)?
﹣Sure, I have. _____ great achievements our country has made!.()
A.What a B.What an C.What D.How
【分析】﹣﹣你看过电影《厉害了,我的国》吗?
﹣﹣当然,我们的国家取得了多么大的成就啊!
【解答】根据great achievements our country has made! 可知这里考查了感叹句,本句的中心词是achievements,它是一个可数名词复数,great是一个形容词,在这里修饰achievements,根据What+形容词+可数名词复数/不可数名词+主语+谓语!这里应该用what.
故选:C.
【点评】本题考查了感叹句的用法.解答时需注意感叹句的基本结构:What+a/an+形容词+可数名词单数+主语+谓语!What+形容词+可数名词复数/不可数名词+主语+谓语!How+形容词/副词+主语+谓语!
28. Neither Tom nor I________ interested in playing WeChat.()
A.am B.is C.are D.be
【分析】汤姆和我都不喜欢玩微信.
【解答】根据Neither Tom nor I________ interested in playing WeChat.可知neither nor 连接主语,动词根据临近原则确定.所以用am.
故选:A.
【点评】熟悉主谓一致的基本用法,结合题意,给出答案.
29. The self﹣driving plane proves to be useful in many ways.___smart invention it is!
()
A.What B.What a C.What an D.How
【分析】无人机在很多方面证实很有用,多么聪明的发明呀!
【解答】感叹句可以用what a/an+形容词+名词+主语+谓语!这里的名词是 invention ,可数名词.主语it.谓语is.形容词smart是以辅音音素开头的,用a修饰.
故选:B.
【点评】1)若形容词后紧跟可数名词单数,就用what a/an;是不可数名词或可数名词复数,只用what.
(2)若形容词后紧跟a/an/the/my/your/this/that/Tom's等成分,就用how.
30.﹣___convenient it is to live in China!
﹣Yes, we've got WeChat, shared bikes, Alipay, etc.()
A.What a B.What C.How a D.How
【分析】﹣﹣住在中国多方便啊!
﹣﹣是的,我们有微信,共享单车,支付宝等等.
【解答】根据 convenient it is to live in China!可知这里考查了感叹句,本句的中心词是convenient ,它是一个形容词,根据How+形容词/副词+主语+谓语!
故选:D.
【点评】本题考查了感叹句的用法.解答时需注意感叹句的基本结构:What+a/an+形容词+可数名词单数+主语+谓语!What+形容词+可数名词复数/不可数名词+主语+谓语!How+形容词/副词+主语+谓语!。