过去分词的用法

现在分词的七种用法

一作定语

1. 动词现在分词单独作定语,通常放在所修饰词前;例如：

The sleeping boy is Tom.

2. 现在分词短语作定语放在所修饰词的后面,意思同定语从句差不多;例如：

Tell the children playing outside not to make too much noise. = Tell the children who are playing outside not to make too much noise.

3. 现在分词可相当于非限制性定语,常用逗号分开;例如：

Tom, wearing beautiful clothes, followed me down the hill. = Tom, who is wearing beautiful clothes, followed me down the hill.

4. 有时现在分词可以和副词或名词构成复合词作定语;例如：

This is an English-speaking country.

二作表语

现在分词作表语多表示主语的特征;如amusing, discouraging, puzzling, refreshing, astonishing, exciting 等;例如：

The story is moving.

三现在分词在句中作宾语补足语,这时现在分词和前面的宾语有逻辑上的“主表”关系或“主谓”关系;例如：

We all found his equipment interesting. 主表关系

I saw Mary going upstairs then. 主谓关系

四作状语

现在分词作状语,其逻辑主语一般是句中的主语,如果不是,需在V-ing 形式前加名词或代词主格作逻辑主语;

1. 作原因状语,相当于原因状语从句;例如：

Being ill, Mary didn't come to school yesterday.

2. 作时间状语,相当于时间状语从句;例如：

Seeing their teacher coming, the students stopped talking.

如果现在分词表示的动作与谓语表示的动作同时发生,常在现在分词前加上when 或while;例如：

While waiting for the plane, I had a long talk with Simon.

3. 作条件状语;

V-ing 形式作条件状语时,相当于一个条件状语从句;例如：

Working harder, you'll be No. 1 in your class.

4. 作让步状语,相当于让步状语从句;例如：

Weighing almost two hundred jin, the stone was moved by him alone.

5. 作结果状语;例如：

He died, leaving nothing but debts.

6. 作伴随状语或方式状语;例如：

He sat by the roadside, begging.

五现在分词的完成式表示它发生在主句谓语动词表示的动作之前;例如：Having finished his homework, he left the classroom.

六现在分词的被动式

当句子的主语是动作的承受者时,用V-ing 形式的被动式;例如：

The factory being built now is a big one.

七现在分词的否定形式是由“not + 现在分词”构成;例如：

Not having been invited to the party, she had to stay home.

过去分词的用法

一．

1. 及物动词的过去分词作表语,与句子主语是被动关系,表示主语的状态,既表示被动,又表示完成.

1_ The cup is broken. 茶杯破了.

2. 不及物动词的过去分词作表语,与句子主语是主动关系,表示主语的状态,只表示动作的完成.

2 He is retired. 他已退休.

3. 有些过去分词作表语时,构成的谓语很接近被动结构.

3_The city is surrounded on three sides by mountains. 这座城市三面环山.

过去分词作表语

注意过去分词作表语与被动语态的区别:过去分词作表语,主要是表示主语的状态,而被动语态则表示动作.

1 The cup was broken by my little sister yesterday. 茶杯是昨天我小妹打碎的.是被动语态,表示动作

2 The library is now closed. 图书馆关门了.过去分词作表语

注意过去分词表示被动或完成, -ing 形式表示主动或进行.有些动词如interest, bore, worry, surprise, frighten 等通常用其过去分词形式来修饰人,用-ing 形式来修饰物.

3 The book is interesting and I'm interested in it. 这本书很有趣,我对它很感兴趣.

过去分词作定语

作定语用的过去分词相当于形容词,其逻辑主语就是它所修饰的名词.及物动词的过去分词作定语,既表被动又表完成;不及物动词的过去分词作定语,只表完成.

1. 过去分词用作定语,如果是单个的,常置于其所修饰的名词之前.

We must adapt our thinking to the changed conditions. 我们必须使我们的思想适应改变了的情况.

2. 过去分词短语用作定语时,一般置于其所修饰的名词之后,其意义相当于一个定语从句,但较从句简洁,多用于书面语中.

The concert given by their friends was a success.他们朋友举行的音乐会大为成功.

3.过去分词短语有时也可用作非限制性定语,前后常有逗号.

1The meeting, attended by over five thousand people, welcomed the great hero. 他们举行了欢迎英雄的大会,到会的有五千多人.

4. 用来修饰人的过去分词有时可以转移到修饰非人的事物,这种过去分词在形式