情态动词和非谓语动词

中考总复习六：情态动词和非谓语动词讲解与训练
【考点直击】
1. 情态动词can, could, may, must, need等的用法和意义；
2. 情态动词表推测，判断的用法；
3. 动词不定式的用法。

可以做主语，宾语，表语，定语等；还可和疑问词
连用充当句子成分。

4. 动名词的用法。

5. 分词（现在分词，过去分词）用法。

一情态动词
一情态动词的用法
1. can 用法
1）表示能力，与be able to同义
但can只用于现在时和过去时，be able to可用于各种时态。

Two eyes can see more than one.
注：Can you … ? Yes, I can / No,I can’t.
2). 表示允许、请求
用could比can 语气更加委婉客气，常用于could I /you …..?句型中，若表示同意时，用can回答而不用could .
Could I borrow the book ? No, you can’t .
3). 表示推测“可能”常用于否定句或疑问句中。

（can’t表示一定不是）
It can’t be true .Can it be true ?
2.could的用法
1).是can的过去时，表过去的能力。

Lucy could swim at the age of five.
2).could也可表示较can更为委婉的语气
Could you help me？
3).还可以表示猜测，“很可能”
—Whose French book is this?
—This could be Alice’s. She studies French.
3. may 用法
1）表允许，请求= can
表示许可或征求对方的许可，常于第一人称连用。

注：May I ….? Yes ,you may No, you can’t / mustn’t .
在回答以may引起的问句时，多避免用这个词，而用其它方式，
如Yes, please. / Certainly.2）表推测，可能、也许。

常用于肯定句中。

Maybe he knows the news .=He _____ _____ the news.
4.might 是may的过去式，表猜测，可能性比could小。

—Whose guitar is this?
—It might belong to Alice. She plays the guitar.
5.should 意为“应该”。

You should go to see the doctor.
6. must
1）表示义务。

意为“必须”（主观意志）。

We must do everything step by step.
注：Must I ….? Yes, you must / No,you needn’t(don’t have to ).
--Must we hand in our exercise—books now?
--No, you needn’t. / No, you don’t have to.
2）mustn’t 表禁止、不允许。

You mustn’t talk to her like that.
3）表示揣测。

意为“想必、准是、一定”等，只用于肯定句。

否定、疑
问句中must改为can .
He must be ill. He looks so pale.
She’s wearing a diamond necklace. She must have a lot of money.
注：must表推测时，其反义疑问句与must后面的动词一致。

There must be something wrong ,____ ____?
7.need的用法
need既可用作情态动词，也可用作实义动词。

用作情态动词时，主要否
定句或疑问句中。

用作实义动词时，可用于各种句式。

1).用作情态动词，用于否定句和疑问句中。

a).Need I ….? Yes , you must / No, you needn’t .
Need we finish the work today ? Yes you ____.
A.need
B.can
C.may
D.must
b).need + do sth .
变否定句：needn’t do sth
变疑问句：Need sb do sth ?
2).用作实义动词
a).need + to do sth . We need _______(buy) some school things .
变否定句：don’t /doesn’t /didn’t +need to do sth .
变疑问句：Do / Does /Did sb + need to sth ?
Yes , … do/ does / did No, sb don’t / doesn’t /didn’t .
You don’t need to do it yourself.
b).当主语是物时。

Sth + need + doing sth = Sth +need to be done .
The table needs painting . = The table needs _____ _____ _____ .
8.had better 的用法
1). had better + 动词原形 = It’s best to do sth .
You had better ______ (stay )at home .
= _____ ______ ______ stay at home .
2). Had better not +动词原形
We had better ________(not play ) the computer games .
9.must 与have to
1).一般情况下，两者可互换。

must = have to
2).must “必须，应该”表示说话人的主观看法，即说话人认为必须干某
事。

（内在原因）
have to “必须，不得不”强调客观需要，即外界因素迫使某人不得不
干某事。

（外界原因）
I can’t stop playing the computer games . For your health ,I’m
afraid you ______.
A.can
B.may
C.must
D.had to
二．情态动词后跟完成式和进行式的用法
1.情态动词后跟完成式，表“原本应该干某事，而实际上没干”
I should have finished the work earlier.
He isn’t here. He must have missed the train.
2. 情态动词后跟进行式，表示“想必正在……”，“可能正在……”，“应
当正在”等意。

It’s twelve o’clock. They must be having lunch.
They may be discussing this problem.
He can’t be telling the truth.
She shouldn’t be working like that. She’s still so weak.
三．情态动词的同义转换.
1.can = be able to
2.must = have to
3.needn’t = don’t have to
4.need do sth = need to do sth .
二非谓语动词
包括动词不定式，V-ing，和过去分词。

一、动词不定式
在句中除不能充当谓语外，其他成分都可充当。

如宾语，表语，主语等。

1.动词不定式作宾语。

1) 在动词want , hope, would, like, decide, wish,
choose, try , need等后常用动词不定式作宾语。

I hope ______(hear)from you soon .
2) think/find /feel /make it + adj + to do sth
He found it difficult _______(get) to sleep.
3) stop to do sth / stop doing sth
stop to do sth 停下来去做某事 stop doing sth 停止正在做的事。

After working for a long time , He has to stop _______(have ) a rest .
He was very tired , so he had to stop ______(work).
2.动词不定式作宾语补。

1).带to的不定式作宾补的动词有：
ask / like /would like /teach /tell /want /help +sb +to do sth
Please ask him _________(come) quickly.
2).省掉to的不定式作宾补的动词有：
let /make /have / hear /see /notice /feel/watch+sb +do sth
注：省掉to的不定式的句子变被动语态时，需要还原to .
He made the baby _______(stop) crying .
The baby was made ______ _____ crying.
3.动词不定式作主语三个考点
1).动词不定式作句子的主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。

To learn English well _______ not easy.
2).常用it作形式主语，而将不定式放在句子后面。

To do sth +谓语动词+adj /n =It +谓语动词+adj / n + to do sth
To get an injection is a little painful .
_____ a little painful ____ ____ an injection
3).动词不定式常考结构句型:
想要做某事__________________ 想要（某人）做某事________________ 帮助某人做某事________________ 需要做某事____________________
计划做某事___________________ 决定做某事 ____________________
尽力做某事___________________ 希望做某事_____________________
忘记做某事___________________ 记得做某事_____________________
要求某人做某事__________________ 告诉某人做某事_______________ It + be + 名词 + to do sth.
It takes sb. + some time + to do sth.
It + be + 形容词 + for sb + to do sth.
It + be + 形容词 + of sb + to do sth.
It + seems(appears) + 形容词 + to do sth.
4.动词不定式作定语
动词不定式作定语放在被修饰词之后
名词或代词+to do(介词)
注：若构成的不定式的动词为不及物动词时，其后加上相应的介词，但不定式若修饰 ______ ______ _______ 词时，介词可以省略。

I want a pen to write ______.
I want a piece of paper to write ______.
He has no place to live.
5.动词不定式与疑问词连用
疑问词+ to do sth
注：在宾语从句中，若主从句的主语一致时，宾语从句可简化为“疑问词+to do sth”.
Can you tell me how I can get to the hospital ?
Can you tell me _____ ____ ____ the hospital.
6.动词不定式作状语
1).动词不定式可作目的状语
在come / go / leave 后面接动词不定式作目的状语。

He came here ______(get)his book.
2).动词不定式可作原因状语
表语形容词（sorry/sad/happy/ glad /afraid/ pleased）后与动词不定式连用作原因状语
He was glad ________(see) his wife.
3).动词不定式可作结果状语
在too…to …, not …enough to …句型中的动词不定式作结果状语。

He was too tired _______(walk) on .
7.动词不定式作表语
be + to do sth
注：动词不定式作表语可以和主语的位置互换，且常表将来。

Her wish is _______(become) a doctor .
_____ _____ is her wish .8.动词不定式的否定形式
在动词不定式的前面加not .
He told me _______(not stay) here .
9.动词不定式符号的省略和保留情况。

1).动词不定式符号的省略情况
若两个或两个以上的不定式并列时，第一个不定式符号不能省略，其余的省掉to .但两者有对比关系时，to都不能省略。

Edison’s mother taught him to write and ________(read).
I haven’t decided to go home or _________(go) to the cinema.
2).省掉不定式而保留动词不定式符号to的情况。

Will you take a walk with me ? I’m glad to .
---Would you like to join my birthday party ?
---I would love to .
二、V-ing形式
包括动名词和现在分词，具有名词，代词，形容词，副词的特性，
1、动名词
1).动名词相当于一个名词，作主语时，谓语动词用单数。

Reading in bed ______(be) bad for your eyes.
2).有些动词或动词短语后面，只能接动名词作宾语。

完成实践值得忙（__________, __________, _________, _________）继续习惯别放弃（_________, __________, __________）
考虑建议不禁想（_________, __________, __________, __________）喜欢思念要介意（_________, __________, __________）
常考句式：
see sb. doing sth. hear sb. doing sth. watch sb. doing sth.
notice sb. doing sth. find sb. doing sth. spend time doing sth.
have difficulty doing sth. have fun doing sth.
How about/What about doing…?
有些些动词后用V-ing与动词不定式意义大不相同，这也是历年中考经常考查的内容。

1.停止做某事________________ 停下来去做某事________________
2.忘记/记得曾经做过某事_______________________
忘记/记得去做某事______________________
3.继续做某事_____________________
做完一件事，接着做另一件____________________
4.试着做某事__________________ 尽力做某事____________________
三、现在分词
1.现在分词常放在see, hear ,watch ,notice 等之后作宾补。

I saw the boy______(play)in the street just now .
2.现在分词作定语常放在被修饰词之前，现在分词短语要放在被修饰词的后面，相当于一个定语从句。

A sleeping baby = a baby who _____________ .
Did you know the man talking to Mr Li? =
Did you know the man who ____________to Mr Li?
3.现在分词表伴随情况
He came into the classroom ,__________(carry)a book.
四、过去分词
1.作宾补这类动词有see, hear, notice, keep, find, get, have
have /get +sth +done 表示请别人干某事
I had my TV repaired last night .
2.作定语
单一的过去分词作定语，要放在被修饰词的前面，过去分词短语作定语要放在被修饰词的后面，相当于一个定语从句。

Have you ever read any books written by Luxun?
Have you ever read any books _____ _____ written by Luxun?
3.作表语过去分词作表语已经形容词化
My cup is broken .
中考演练
一单项选择
( )1. Everyone _____ go through the security check (安检) when entering the World Expo Park.
A can B. may C. must D. could
( )2. --- Must I clean the room now?
--- No, you _______. You can do it tomorrow.
A mustn’t B. must C. needn’t D. need
( )3. --- Look at that girl! Is it Susan?
--- No, it _______ be her. She has gone back to her hometown.
A mustn’t B. can’t C. needn’t D. wouldn’t
( )4. --- This desk is too heavy. I _______ move it. Could you help me?
--- No problem.
A can B. can’t C. should D. shouldn’t
( )5. --- What will the weather be like tomorrow?
--- It _______ be rainy, cloudy, or sunny. Who knows.
A must B. might C. should D. shouldn’t
( )6. --- Must I _______ my camera, Lily?
--- No you ________. Don’t worry. I’ll take one myself.
A to take; mustn’t B. take; needn’t
C. to bring; needn’t
D. bring; mustn’t
( )7. --- Whose exam papers is it?
--- It _______ be Li Lei’s, He always forgets to write his name on it.
A can’t B. must C. shouldn’t D. may
( )8. --- What should we do first if we want to develop our village?
--- A lot of roads _______ , I think.
A must build B. have to build C. must be built D. have built
( )9. The yellow coat _______ be Linda’s, because nobody likes yellow
except her.
A can’t B. can C. mustn’t D. must
( )10. --- Shall I tell John about it?
--- No, you _______. I told him just now.
A needn’t B. can’t C. mustn’t D. shouldn’t
( )11. --- Will you answer the telephone? It _______ be your mother.
--- Sorry. I ________. I’m very busy.
A can; mustn’t B. will; can’t C. may; can’t D. need;
will
( )12. --- You _______ play football in the street. It’s dangerous.
--- OK. I won’t.
A can B. must C. may not D. mustn’t
( )13. Mr. White is of great help, so you _______ let him go.
A had not better B. had better don’t
C. had better not
D. had no better
( )14. --- ________ the exam paper be handed in right now?
--- No it doesn’t have to. You may hand it in before 11:30.
A Can B. Must C. Should D. May
( )15. --- _______ I use your mobile phone?
--- Certainly. Here you are.
A May B. Must C. Should D. Need
( )16. Danny did all kinds of things to make the baby________.
A to stop cry B. stop crying C. to stop to cry D. stop to cry
( )17. We have two rooms _______, but I can’t decide ________.
A to live; to choose which one B. lived; choose which one
C. to live in; which one to choose
D. live; which one
( )16. --- How would your family like to travel??
--- It’s a problem in my family. Mother prefers to take a bus to travel,
while father always sticks _______ to travel.
A to drive B. to driving C. driving D. drive
( )17. At least 300 million people are using QQ _______ by MaHuateng to
chat on line.
A create B. creates C. creating D. created
( )18. --- What are on show in the museum?
--- Some photos _______ by the children of Yushu,Qinghai.
A have been taken B. were taken C. are taken D. taken
( )19. --- Are you going to the party _______ at Smith’s home this evening?
--- I will if I am free .
A holding B. held C. to hold D. to be hold
( )20. If people _____ cutting down the forest, they will have nowhere _____
A keep; to live in B. will keep; to live in
C. keep; to live
D. will keep; to live
( )21. His parents often encourage him _____ hard.
A work B. working C. to work D. works
( )22. --- What about playing football this afternoon, Sam?
--- I would rather ______ at home than ______ football.
A stay; playing B. stay; play
C. to stay; to play
D. to stay; playing
( )23. It’s important _______ the piano well.
A of him to play B. for him to play
C. of him playing
D. for him playing
( )24. --- Have you seen the TV play my ugly mother?
--- Yes, it’s well worth _____. It’s ____ moving that I’ve seen it twice.
A seeing; too B. to see; enough C. seeing; so D. to see; such
( )25. Don’t make me _______ this or that. I’m too busy.
A to do B. do C. doing D. done
( )26. It took Li Ming an hour _______ his bike yesterday.
A to repair B. repairing C. repaired D. repair
二用所给词的适当形式填空
1. Jenny saw a wallet _________ (lie) on the ground.
2. The heavy snow stopped them from ________ (go) out for ask a skate the
day before yesterday.
3. Keep ________ (try). You’re sure to get a good result.
4. He found it hard _________ (catch) up with his class, because all his classes
worked very hard.
5. Look! How heavy the rain is! You’d better _________ (not leave) until it
stops.。