2012年天津外国语大学英语专业(英美文学)真题试卷.doc
2012年天津外国语大学801英语语言文学(美国社会文化方向)考研真题【圣才出品】
2012年天津外国语大学801英语语言文学(美国社会文化方向)考研真题I.Chinese-English Translation(40points)Directions:Write your translation on the ANSWER SHEET.24岁的龙口姑娘刁娜,前不久与丈夫在下班途中,看到一位女子被撞倒在路中央。
为也不让伤者被二次碾轧,“不让小悦悦悲剧重演”,刁娜与丈夫毫不犹豫地下车救人,一边拨打急救电话,一边护在作者身前疏导交通。
渐渐地天色越来越暗,看着面前一辆辆汽车飞驰而来,刁娜心里也是害怕的。
她急中生智,让丈夫去车里拿警示牌。
可就在这时,意外发生了。
一辆小汽车超过一辆货车,直开到刁娜跟前,刁娜被狠狠地撞倒在地,右腿钻心的疼,然后疼昏了过去……刁娜的善举感染了车祸中的肇事者、被救者,他们用友善、谅解和诚信,续写了一段关于良知、公德与责任的佳话……在一个民族陷入集体的道德焦虑、道德追问之时,刁娜的义举,各方的人性善良,既是一抹亮色,也让我们深思。
II.Critical Writing(40points)Directions:Respond to the following passage in an essay of no more than300 words with a title of your own choice,a clearly stated central argument,and details/examples to support the argument.Write your answer onthe ANSWER SHEET.Yan Xuetong,professor of political science and dean of the Institute of ModernInternational Relations at Tsinghua University,argues in Ancient Chinese Thought, Modern Chinese Power,that“morality can play a key role in shaping international competition between political powers—and separating the winners from the losers.”III.This part consists of seven sections.Answer the questions set for the program for which you are making the application.Write your answers or your translation on the ANSWER SHEET.(70points)Section E:美国社会文化方向部分(70points)This section is set for applicants to the MA program of American Society and Culture.Write the question numbers and your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. 1.Explain the following terms(20points)1)New York City2)the Industrial Revolution in America3)the Red Scare4)segregation laws2.Essay Questions(50points).Directions:Write a short paper of about200words on each of the following topics.1)Why are they so many free choices in religion for American?Why is there no fierce religious struggle in the U.S.as it often happens in Europe?(15points)2)What were John Dewey’s major contributions to the American education?(15points)3)Comment on the possible trend of Sino-American relations of the on-coming Obama’s era.(20points)。
2012年天津外国语大学英语翻译基础真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)
2012年天津外国语大学英语翻译基础真题试卷(题后含答案及解析) 题型有:1. 词语翻译 2. 英汉互译词语翻译英译汉1.plain prose正确答案:晓畅易懂的文字2.orientalism正确答案:东方主义3.theory of games正确答案:博弈论4.text typology正确答案:文本类型学5.localization正确答案:本地化6.exoticism正确答案:异国情调7.cultural pluralism正确答案:文化多元主义8.lingua franca正确答案:通用语9.stage fright正确答案:怯场10.functional equivalence正确答案:功能对等11.PUGS正确答案:笨猪五国;欧猪五国;欧洲五国(Portugal,Ireland,Italy,Greece and Spain;是国际债券分析家、学者和国际经济界媒体对欧洲五个主权、债券、信用评级较低的经济体的贬称)12.Obama-mess正确答案:奥巴马困境13.seckill正确答案:秒杀14.Chindonesia正确答案:亚洲铁三角(中国、印度、印度尼西亚)15.intexticated正确答案:一边开车一边发短信16.broken society正确答案:道德沦丧的社会17.defriend正确答案:解除好友关系18.ghost estate正确答案:鬼宅,因经济衰退停工、未建成的住宅区19.copycatting正确答案:山寨20.great recession正确答案:大萧条汉译英21.翻译能力正确答案:translation ability22.翻译标准正确答案:criteria of translation23.典故正确答案:allusions24.汉化英语正确答案:Chinglish25.陪同口译正确答案:escort interpretation26.跨文化交际正确答案:intercultural communication27.模拟国际会议口译正确答案:simulated international conference interpreting 28.典籍英译正确答案:English translation of Chinese Classics 29.学术翻译正确答案:academic translation30.翻译专业硕士正确答案:Master of Translation and Interpreting(MTI)31.建设中国特色社会主义正确答案:build socialism with Chinese characteristics 32.加强政治文化建设正确答案:strengthen political and cultural construction 33.敲门砖正确答案:a stepping stone to success34.偏方正确答案:folk prescription35.富二代正确答案:rich second generation36.恶搞正确答案:hoax37.房奴正确答案:mortgage slave38.蜗居正确答案:humble abode39.农家乐正确答案:agritainment40.隐婚族正确答案:fake singles英汉互译英译汉41.When the world was a simpler place, the rich were fat, the poor were thin, and right-thinking people worried about how to feed the hungry. Now, in much of the world, the rich are thin, the poor are fat, and right-thinking people are worrying about obesity.Evolution is mostly to blame. It has designed mankind to cope with deprivation, not plenty. People are perfectly tuned to store energy in good years to see them through lean ones. But when bad times never come, they are stuck with that energy, stored around their expanding bellies.Thanks to rising agricultural productivity, lean years are rarer all over the globe. Modern-day Mal-thusians(马尔萨斯主义者), who used to draw graphs proving that the world was shortly going to run out of food, have gone rather quietly lately. Mankind has won what was, for most of his time on this planet, his biggest battle: to ensure that he and his offspring had had enough to eat. But every silver lining has a cloud, and the consequence of prosperity is a new plague that brings with it a host of interesting policy dilemmas.As a scourge of the modern world, obesity has an image problem. It is easier to associate with Father Christmas than with the four horses of the apocalypse(《启示录》),but it has a good claim to lumber along beside them, for it is the world’s biggest public-health issue today—the main cause of heart disease, which kills more people these days than AIDS, malaria, war; the principle risk factor in diabetes ; heavily implicated in cancer and other diseases. Since the World Health Organization labeled obesity an “epidemic” in 2000, reports on its fearful consequences have come thick and fast.Will public-health warnings, combined with media pressure, persuade people to get thinner, just as they finally put them off tobacco? Possibly. In the rich world, sales of healthier foods are booming and new figures suggest that over the past year Americans got very slightly thinner for the first time in recorded history. But even if Americans are losing a few ounces, it will be many years before the country solves the health problems caused by half a century’s dining to excess. And everywhere else in the world, people are still piling on the pounds. That’s why there is now a consensus among doctors that governments should do something to stop them.正确答案:这个世界还不是很富裕的时候,富人胖穷人瘦,有识之士开始思考怎样喂饱穷人的肚子。
2012年天津外国语大学英语专业(语言学)真题试卷.doc
2012年天津外国语大学英语专业(语言学)真题试卷(总分:116.00,做题时间:90分钟)一、单项选择题(总题数:20,分数:40.00)1.______has been widely accepted as the father of modern linguistics.(分数:2.00)A.ChomskyB.SaussureC.BloomfieldD.Halliday2.A language user"s underlying knowledge about the system of rules is called his linguistic______.(分数:2.00)prehensionB.performanceC.perceptionpetence3."I can refer to Confucius or the North Pole, even though the first has been dead over 2,550 years and the second is situated far away from us. " This shows that language has the design feature of______.(分数:2.00)A.displacementB.creativityC.dualityD.arbitrariness4.The distinction between competence and performance was put forward by ______.(分数:2.00)A.BloomfieldB.SaussureC.ChomskyD.Halliday5.Which of the following terms is not a concept in Psycholinguistics?(分数:2.00)A.Processing utterances.B.Producing utterances.nguage acquisition.ponential analysis.6.The study of sounds is divided into three main areas, each dealing with one part of the process. ______ is concerned with the perception of speech sounds.(分数:2.00)A.Articulatory phoneticsB.Auditory phoneticsC.Phonological processD.Acoustic phonetics7.Which of the following statements is true?(分数:2.00)rynx is what we sometimes call "Adam"s apple".B.The International Phonetic Alphabet uses narrow transcription.C.There are two nasal consonants in English.D.It is sounds by which we make communicative meaning.8.______ are a set of vowel qualities arbitrarily defined, fixed and unchanging, intended to provide a frame of reference for the description of the actual vowels of existing languages.(分数:2.00)A.DiphthongsB.Pure VowelsC.Cardinal VowelsD.Vowel Glides9.The sounds, which are produced by a closure in the vocal tract or by a narrowing which is so marked that air cannot escape without producing audible friction, are known as______.(分数:2.00)A.consonantsB.places of articulationC.vowelsD.manners of articulation10.Which of the following is the correct description of the English consonant[z]?(分数:2.00)A.Voiceless alveolar affricate.B.Voiceless bilabial nasal.C.Voiced alveolar stop.D.Voiced alveolar fricative.11.Which is the correct description of the English vowel[i:]?(分数:2.00)A.High front tense unrounded vowel.B.High back lax rounded vowel.C.Mid central lax unrounded vowel.D.Low back lax rounded vowel.12.The word ______ simply refers to a "unit of explicit sound contrast" : the existence of a minimal pair automatically grants phonemic status to the sounds responsible for the contrasts.(分数:2.00)A.allophoneB.phonemeC.soundD.syllable13.______ is the smallest unit of language in regard to the relationship between sounding and meaning, a unit that cannot be divided into further smaller units without destroying or drastically altering the meaning.(分数:2.00)A.AllomorphB.WordC.MorphemeD.Root14.______is the collective term for the type of morpheme that can be used only when added to another morpheme.(分数:2.00)A.AffixB.SuffixC.StemD.Prefix15.By the relation of______one means that different sets of clauses may permit of require the occurrence of a word of another set or class to form a sentence or a particular part of a sentence.(分数:2.00)A.substitutabilityB.positionC.co-occurrenceD.coordination16.______refers to a major constituent of sentence structure in a binary analysis in which all obligatory constituents other than the subject were considered together.(分数:2.00)A.SubjectB.PredicateC.Objectplement17.______refer to those words that are used before the noun acting as head of a noun group, and that determine the kind of reference the nominal group has.(分数:2.00)A.ParticlesB.AuxiliariesC.Pro-formsD.Determiners18.Which of the following is under the category of "Open Class"?(分数:2.00)A.Nouns.B.Conjunctions.C.Determiners.D.Prepositions19.______is the name for oppositeness relation, which includes three main sub-types.(分数:2.00)A.HyponymyB.Antony myC.PolysemyD.Synonymy20.The theory of meaning which relates the meaning of a word to the thing it refers to or stands for is known as the ______.(分数:2.00)A.An Integrated TheoryB.Speech Act TheoryC.The Classical TheoryD.The Referential Theory二、填空题(总题数:30,分数:60.00)21. 1 studies the relationship between language and thought, and a perennial subject of debate being whether language is a function of thinking or thought.(分数:2.00)填空项1:__________________22.Hymes" theory of 1was introduced into the field of language teaching, which encourages teacher to pay more attention to the question of how to train their students as active and successful language users in a real language context.(分数:2.00)填空项1:__________________23.As one of the central topics in psycholinguistics, 1 concerns how a child acquires the language skills and how they extend to other languages.(分数:2.00)填空项1:__________________24.According to Langacker, 1 is the ability to conceive and portray the same situation in alternate ways through specificity, different mental scanning, directionality, vantage point,figure-ground segregation, etc.(分数:2.00)填空项1:__________________25.In cognitive linguistics, 1 is the process of classifying our experiences into different categories based on commonalities and differences.(分数:2.00)填空项1:__________________26.Many prepositions, such as "in" , "into" , exemplify a 1 schema, which involves a physical of metaphorical boundary, enclosed area or volume, or excluded area or volume.(分数:2.00)填空项1:__________________27.ARGUMENT IS WAR is a 1metaphor, in which the concept of argument is structured systematically in terms of another.(分数:2.00)填空项1:__________________28.In the cognitive literature, 1 is defined as a cognitive process in which the vehicle provides mental access to the target within the same domain.(分数:2.00)填空项1:__________________29. 1 theory is proposed by Fauconnier and Turner to address the cognitive operation whereby elements of two or more "mental spaces" are integrated via projecting into a new, blended space which has its unique structure.(分数:2.00)填空项1:__________________30.Hymes points out that a 1 refers to a group of people who "share not only the same rules of speaking, but at least one linguistic variety as well".(分数:2.00)填空项1:__________________31.The 1 hypothesis suggests that our language helps mould our way of thinking and consequently, different languages may probably express the speaker"s unique ways of understanding of the world.(分数:2.00)填空项1:__________________32.An anthropological orientation in the study of language was developed both in England and in North America at the start of the 20th century. Bronislaw Malinowski and 1 was regarded as the pioneers of this movement in England.(分数:2.00)填空项1:__________________33. 1 linguistics addresses the structuring within language of such basic conceptual categories as those of space and time, scenes and event, entities and processes, motion and location, and force and causation.(分数:2.00)填空项1:__________________34.As one of the six subjects of research within psycholinguistics, 1 concerns how the cognitive architecture of language and language processing is implemented in the human brain.(分数:2.00)填空项1:__________________35.Sociolinguists expand the scope of their observation on language by introducing some major social factors, including class, 1, age, ethnic identity, education background, occupation and religious belief.(分数:2.00)填空项1:__________________36.John Langshaw Austin began to give lectures on Speech Act Theory in 195In 1955 , when delivering the William James lectures, he revised the notes and changed the title from Words and Deeds to 1, which was published posthumously in 1962.(分数:2.00)填空项1:__________________37.According to Austin, though 1 cannot be true or false, there are still conditions for them to meet to be appropriate or felicitous.(分数:2.00)填空项1:__________________38.The Felicity Conditions suggest that there must be a relevant conventional procedure, and the relevant 1 must be appropriate.(分数:2.00)填空项1:__________________39.Through the Williams James lectures Grice delivered at Harvard in 1967, the theory of Conversational Implicature became known to the public. Part of the lectures was published in 1975 under the title of 1.(分数:2.00)填空项1:__________________40.The characteristics of implicative can be summarized as calculability, cancellability, 1 and non-conventionality.(分数:2.00)填空项1:__________________41.Sperber and Wilson argue that all Gricean maxims, including the CP itself, should be reduced to a single principle of relevance, which is defined as: every act of 1 communicates the presumption of its own optional relevance.(分数:2.00)填空项1:__________________42.According to Sperber and Wilson, "of all the interpretations of the stimulus which confirm the presumption, it is 1 to occur to the addressee that is the one the communicator intended to convey".(分数:2.00)填空项1:__________________43.In the field of language use, Zipf recognized two competing forces: the force of 1, or speaker"s economy, and the force of diversification, or hearer"s economy.(分数:2.00)填空项1:__________________44.Horn found that Q-based implicatures can be readily cancelled by 1 which does not affect what is said, but R-based implicatures cannot.(分数:2.00)填空项1:__________________45.A popular term in Stylistics, 1, defined by Leech and Short as "artistically motivated deviation" involves all levels of language; vocabulary, sound, syntax, meaning, graphology, etc.(分数:2.00)填空项1:__________________46.Where two syllables have the same initial and final consonants, but different vowels, they are 1.(分数:2.00)填空项1:__________________47.A/An 1 foot consists of three syllables; two unstressed syllables are followed by a stressed one.(分数:2.00)填空项1:__________________48.On the speech presentation cline, the one comes between Direct Speech and Indirect Speech is 1.(分数:2.00)填空项1:__________________49.The term 1was originally coined by William James to describe the free association of ideas and impressions in the mind, and later was applied to the novelistic portrayal of the free flow of thought.(分数:2.00)填空项1:__________________50. 1is the term used in linguistics to describe the relationship between a particular style of language and its context of use.(分数:2.00)填空项1:__________________三、写作题(总题数:8,分数:16.00)51.Choose four of the following questions for Essay Discussion. Write the number of the question and your essay on the ANSWER SHEET. There is no doubt that linguistic science today, like other parts of human knowledge, is the product of its past and matrix of its future(R. H. Robins, 1997). Discuss the progress with shifts among different approaches to language chronologically from antiquity up to the present.(分数:2.00)__________________________________________________________________________________________ 52.Philosophical presuppositions in terms of "arbitrariness" versus motivation, "autonomy" versus embodiment are still under debates in the field of modern linguistic studies. Comment on the debates and provide your argument for or against these theories.(分数:2.00)__________________________________________________________________________________________ 53.The linguists of comparative and historical linguistics, structural linguistics and transformational-generative linguistics all regarded their theories as "science". What do you think?(分数:2.00)__________________________________________________________________________________________54.The contrast between empiricism and rationalism runs through the history of linguistic thought in various manifestations. Rationalism allows for rational thought to process ideas. Empiricism says that only the data is relevant to ideas. Discuss and provide your argument for and against each of these presuppositions.(分数:2.00)__________________________________________________________________________________________ 55.Noam Chomsky is a leading linguistic scientist and his Syntactic Structures outlined his theories of transformational generative grammar, which made him a prominent and controversial figure in the field. Discuss his TG grammar and comment on the innateness hypothesis.(分数:2.00)__________________________________________________________________________________________ 56.There is a variety of possible relationships between language and society. The first one is that social structure may either influence or determine linguistic structure and/or behavior;a second possible relationship is directly opposed to the first: linguistic structure and/or behavior may either influence or determine social structure; a third possible relationship is that the influence is bi-directional; language and society may influence each other; a fourth possibility is to assume that there is no relationship at all between linguistic structure and social structure and that each is independent of the other. Discuss and provide evidence for and against the "no relationship" position.(分数:2.00)__________________________________________________________________________________________ 57.Cognitive Linguistics has been advancing now in the US and in Europe for three decades. Chinese scholars have already taken up these stimulating ideas and carried them forward within their own traditions of linguistic research. Make a list of famous cognitive linguists and comments on their contributions to the area of cognitive linguistic research.(分数:2.00)__________________________________________________________________________________________ 58.Austin puts forward the speech act theory. What does he mean by "speech act"? He uses the term "locution" for the actual form of words used by the speaker and their semantic meaning, and illocution for what the speaker is doing by uttering the words. If a person says "The gun is loaded" , what might be the illocutionary force? Or say, what might be the possible intention of the speaker? Provide the contexts for your interpretation.(分数:2.00)__________________________________________________________________________________________。
天津外国语大学801英语语言文学历年考研真题
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unit that cannot be divided into further smaller units without destroying or drastically altering the meaning.
5) _____refers to the study of the rules governing the ways different constituents are combined to form sentences in a language, or the study of the interrelationships between elements in sentence structures.
Section Four:英语语言学方向 分 (70 points) Questions in this section are set for applicants to the MA program of English Linguistics. 1.Multiple Choice: (20 points) Directions: Fill in the blanks with appropriate linguistic terms or answer the questions as required. Write the answers on the ANSWER SHEET. 1) ____means that human languages enable their users to symbolize objects, events and concepts which are not present (in time and space) at the moment of communication. 2) ____________ deals with the way in which speech sounds are produced. 3)____________ refers to a set of standard phonetic symbols in the form of a chart designed by the International Phonetic Association since 1888. 4)____________is the smallest unit of language in regard to the relationship between sounding and meaning, a
2012年天津卷高考真题英语试卷-学生用卷
2012年天津卷高考真题英语试卷-学生用卷一、单项选择1、【来源】 2012年高考真题天津卷第1题2020~2021学年天津南开区南开大学附属中学高一上学期期中第26题1分—Can I have a day off tomorrow, Mr. Johnson?—. I can manage without you.A. Forget itB. I'm afraid notC. It dependsD. Of course2、【来源】 2012年高考真题天津卷第2题The letters for the boss on his desk but he didn't read them until three days later.A. were putB. was putC. putD. has put3、【来源】 2012年高考真题天津卷第3题You were working too hard. You'd better keep a between work and relaxation.A. promiseB. leadC. balanceD. diary4、【来源】 2012年高考真题天津卷第4题2019~2020学年陕西西安长安区西安交通大学附属中学航天学校高三上学期段考(四诊)第29题1分The dog may be a good companion for the old., the need to take it for walks may be a disadvantage.A. Besides.B. HoweverC. ThereforeD. Instead5、【来源】 2012年高考真题天津卷第5题2019~2020学年天津和平区天津市第一中学高二下学期单元测试《Module 3 & 4》第20题1分2015~2016学年江苏无锡高二上学期期中(四校联考)第35题1分—You have to believe in yourself. No one else will, if you don't.—. Confidence is really important.A. It's not my cup of teaB. That's not the pointC. I don't think soD. I can't agree more6、【来源】 2012年高考真题天津卷第6题Only after Mary read her composition the second time the spelling mistake.A. did she noticeB. she noticedC. does she noticeD. she has noticed7、【来源】 2018~2019学年天津南开区天津市南开中学高二上学期期中第21题1分I wish to thank Professor Smith, without help I would never have got this far.A. whoB. whoseC. whomD. which8、【来源】 2012年高考真题天津卷第8题It's quite warm here; we turn the heating on yet.A. couldn'tB. mustn'tC. needn'tD. wouldn't9、【来源】 2012年高考真题天津卷第9题It doesn't matter you turn right or left at the crossing —both roads lead to the park.A. whetherB. howC. ifD. when10、【来源】 2012年高考真题天津卷第10题The secretary arranged a(n)time and space for the applicants to have an interview.A. importantB. spareC. publicD. convenient11、【来源】 2012年高考真题天津卷第11题2020~2021学年安徽芜湖镜湖区安徽师范大学附属中学高二上学期期中第65题1分He got up late and hurried to his office,the breakfast untouched.A. leftB. to leaveC. leavingD. having left12、【来源】 2012年高考真题天津卷第12题The three of us around Europe for about a month last summer.A. travelledB. have travelledC. had travelledD. travel13、【来源】 2012年高考真题天津卷第13题2018~2019学年天津和平区天津市耀华中学高一下学期期中第28题0.5分Parents and children should communicate more to the gap between them so that they can understand each other better.A. openB. narrowC. widenD. leave14、【来源】 2012年高考真题天津卷第14题2018年天津武清区武清区杨村第一中学高三一模第12题1分Everything was placed exactly he wanted it for the graduation ceremony.A. whileB. whenC. whereD. though15、【来源】 2012年高考真题天津卷第15题2015~2016学年北京房山区北京燕山石油化工公司北师大燕化附中高二上学期期中第4题We would have called a taxi yesterday if Harold us a ride home.A. didn't offerB. wouldn't offerC. hasn't offeredD. hadn't offered二、完形填空16、【来源】 2012年高考真题天津卷第16题2011~2012学年北京朝阳区高二下学期期末第16题2017~2018学年四川成都双流区双流中学高二下学期期中第31~50题30分I fell in love with Yosemite National Park the first time I saw it, when I was 13. My parents took us there for camping. On the way out, I asked them to wait while I ran up to E1 Capitan,a1rock of 3,300 feet straight up. I touched that giant rock andknew2I wanted to climb it . That has been my life's passion(钟爱)ever since —3the rocks and mountains of Yosemite. I've long made Yosemite my4.About 15years ago I started seeing a lot of5, like toilet paper, beer cans, and empty boxes, around the area. It's6me why visitors started respecting the place7and treated such a beautiful home-like place this way.I8picking up trash(垃圾)myself , but the job was too big, Iwould9an hour or two on the job, only to find the area trashed all over again weeks later. Finally I got so tried of it that I decided something10to change.As a rock-climbing guide, I knew11about organizing any big event. But in 2004, together with some climbers, I set a date for a12. On that day, more than 300 people13. Over three days we collected about 6,000 pounds of trash. It was amazing how much we were able to14. I couldn't believethe15we made –the park looked clean!Each year volunteers come for the cleanup from everywhere. In 2007 alone, 2,945people picked up 42,330 pounds of trash and16132 miles of roadway.I often hear people17about their surroundings. If you are one of them, I would say the only way to change things is by18rather than complaining. We need to teach by19. You can't blameothers20you start with yourself.A. distantB. hugeC. narrowD. looseA. immediatelyB. finallyC. graduallyD. recentlyA. imaginingB. paintingC. describingD. climbingA. gardenB. homeC. labD. palaceA. materialB. resourcesC. wasteD. goodsA. beyondB. againstC. overD. withinA. moreB. mostC. lessD. leastA. recommendedB. triedC. keptD. consideredA. killB. saveC. waitD. spendA. expectedB. tendedC. hadD. usedA. somethingB. anythingC. everythingD. nothingA. cleanupB. partyC. picnicD. concertA. dropped outB. showed upC. looked aroundD. called backA. demandB. receiveC. achieveD. overcomeA. planB. visitC. contactD. differenceA. crossedB. measuredC. coveredD. designedA. talkB. complainC. argueD. quarrelA. doingB. thinkingC. questioningD. watchingA. methodB. explanationC. exampleD. researchA. althoughB. ifC. whenD. unless三、阅读理解17、【来源】 2012年高考真题天津卷第17题2020~2021学年10月江苏南京鼓楼区南京大学附属中学高一上学期月考(A篇)第21~25题12.5分Bicycle SafetyOperation Always ride your bike in a safe, controlled manner on campus(校园). Obey rules and regulations. Watch out for walkers and other bicyclists, and always use your lights in dark conditions. Theft Prevention Always securely lock your bicycle to a bicycle rack—even if you are only away for a minute. Register your bike with the University Department of Public Safety. It's fast, easy, and free. Registration permanently records your serial number, which is useful in the possible recovery of the bike stolen.EquipmentBrakes Make sure that they are in good working order and adjusted properly.Helmet A necessity, make sure your helmet meets current safety standards and fit properly.Lights Always have a front headlight---visible at least 500 feet in front of the bike. A taillight is a good idea.Rules of the RoadRiding on Campus As a bicycle rider, you have a responsibility to ride only on streets and posted bicycle paths. Riding on sidewalks or other walkways can lead to a fine. The speed limit for bicycles on campus is 15mph, unless otherwise posted. Always give the right of ways to walkers. If you are involved in an accident, you are required to offer appropriate aid, call the Department of Public Safety and remain at the scene until the officer lets you go.Bicycle Parking Only park in areas reserved for bikes. Trees, handrails, hallways, and sign posts are not for bicycle parking, and parking in such posts can result in a fine.If Things Go WrongIf you break the rules, you will be fined. Besides violating rules while riding bicycles on campus, you could be fined for:No bicycle registration---------------------------------------------------$25Bicycle parking banned--------------------------------------------------$30Blocking path with bicycle ----------------------------------------------$40Violation of bicycle equipment requirement -------------------------------$35(1) Registration of your bicycle may help you_____________.A. find your stolen bicycleB. get your serial numberC. receive free repair servicesD. settle conflicts with walkers(2) According to the passage, what bike equipment is a free choice for bicycle riders?A. Brakes.B. A helmet.C. A headlight.D. A taillight.(3) When you ride a bicycle on the campus,.A. ride on posted bicycle paths and sidewalksB. cycle at a speed of over 15 mphC. put the walkers’right of way firstD. call the police before leaving in a case of accident(4) If you lock your bicycle to a tree on the campus, you could be fined _________.A. $25B. $30C. $35D. $40(5) What is the passage mainly about?A. A guide for safe bicycling on campus.B. Directions for bicycle tour on campus.C. Regulations of bicycle race on campus.D. Rules for riding motor vehicles on campus.18、【来源】 2012年高考真题天津卷(B篇)第18题2015~2016学年北京西城区北京市第四中学高一上学期期中第18题Barditch High School decided to an All-School Reunion. Over 450 people came to the event. There were tours of the old school building and a picnic at Confederate Park. Several former teachers were on hands to tell stories about the old days. Ms. Mabel Yates, the English teacher for fifty years, was wheeled to the Park.Some eyes rolled and there were a few low groans(嘟囔声)when Ms.Yates was about to speak. Many started looking at their watches and coming up with excuses to be anywhere instead of preparing to listen to a lecture from and old woman who had few kind words for her students and made them work harder than all the other teachers combined.Then Ms. Yates started to speak:"I can't tell you how pleased I am to be here. I haven't seen many of you since your graduation, but I have followed your careers and enjoyed your victories as well as crying for your tragedies. I have a large collection of newspaper photographs of my students. Although I haven't appeared in person, I have attended your college graduations, weddings and even the birth of your children, in my imagination."Ms. Yates paused and started crying a bit. Then she continued:"It was my belief that if I pushed you as hard as I could, some of you would succeed to please me and others would succeed to annoy me. Regardless of our motives, I can see that you have all been successful in your chosen path.""There is no greater comfort for an educator than to see the end result of his or her years of work. You have all been a great source of pleasure and pride for me and I want you to know I love you all from the bottom of my heart."There was a silence over the crowd for a few seconds and then someone started clapping. The clapping turned into cheering, then into a deafening roar(呼喊). Lawyers, truck drivers, bankers and models were rubbing their eyes or crying openly with no shame all because of the words from a long forgotten English teacher from their hometown.(1) What activity was organized for the school reunion?A. Sightseeing in the park.B. A picnic on the school playground.C. Telling stories about past events.D. Graduates'reports in the old building.(2) What can be inferred from Paragraph 2?A. Some graduates were too busy to listen to Ms. Yates' speech.B. Many graduates disliked Ms. Yates' ways of teaching.C. Some people got tired from the reunion activities.D. Most people had little interest in there union.(3) We can learn from Ms. Yates' speech that she.A. kept track of her students' progressB. gave her studentsadvice on their careersC. attended her students' collegegraduationsD. went to her students' wedding ceremonies(4) What was Ms.Yates'belief in teaching teenagers?A. Teachers' knowledge is the key to students' achievements.B. Pressure on students from teachers should be reduced.C. Hard-pushed students are more likely to succeed.D. Students' respect is the best reward for teachers.(5) Which of the following can best describe Ms. Yates?A. Reliable and devoted.B. Tough and generous.C. Proud but patient.D. Strict but caring.19、【来源】 2012年高考真题天津卷(C篇)第19题The practice of students endlessly copying letters and sentences from a blackboard is a thing of the past. With the coming of new technologies like computers and smartphone, writing by hand has become something of nostalgic(怀旧的)skill. However, while today's educators are using more and more technology in their teaching, many believe basic handwriting skills are still necessary for students to be successful---both in school and in life.Virginia Berninger, professor of educational psychology at the University of Washington, says it's important to continue teaching handwriting and help children acquire the skill of writing by hand.Berninger and her colleagues conducted a study that looked at the ability of students to complete various writing tasks—both on a computer and by hand. The study, published in 2009, found that when writing with a pen and paper, participants wrote longer essays and more complete sentences and had a faster word production rate.In a more recent study, Berninger looked at what role spelling plays in a student's writing skills and found that how well children spell is tied to know well they can write. "Spelling makes some of the thinking parts of the brain active which helps us access our vocabulary, word meaning and concepts. It is allowing our written language to connect with ideas." Berninger said.Spelling helps students translate ideas into words in their mind first and then to transcribe(转换)"those words in the mind written symbols on paper or keyboard and screen, " the study said. Seeing the words in the "mind's eye" helps children not only to turn their ideas into words, says Berninger, but also to spot(发现)spelling mistakes when they write the words down and to correct then over time."In our computer age, some people believe that we don't have to teach spelling because we have spell checks, " she said. "But until a child has a functional spelling ability of about a fifth grade level, they won't have the knowledge to choose the correct spelling among the options given by the computer."(1) What makes writing by hand a thing of the past?A. The absence of blackboard in classroom.B. The use of new technologies in teaching.C. The lack of practice in handwriting.D. The popular use of smartphones.(2) Berninger's study published in 2009.A. focused on the difference between writing by hand and on a computer.B. indicated that students prefer to write with a pen and paper.C. found that good essays are made up of long sentences.D. discussed the importance of writing speed.(3) Which of the following best shows the role of spelling?A. Spelling improves one's memory of words.B. Spelling ability is closely related to writing ability.C. Spelling benefits the translation from words into ideas.D. Spelling slows down finding exact words to express ideas.(4) What does "mind's eye" in paragraph 5 mean?A. Window.B. SoulC. Picture.D. Imagination.(5) What conclusion could be drawn from the passage?A. Computers can help people with their choice of words.B. Spell checks can take the place of spelling teaching.C. Handwriting still has a place in today's classrooms.D. Functional spelling ability develops fast in the fifth grade.20、【来源】 2012年高考真题天津卷(D篇)第20题You are given many opportunities in life to choose to be a victim or creator. When you choose to be a victim, the world is a cold and difficult place. "They" did things to you which caused all of your pain and suffering. "They" are wrong and bad, and life is terrible as long as "they" are around. Or you may blame yourself for all your problems, thus internalizing(内化)your victimization. The truth is, your life is likely to stay that way as long as you feel a need to blame yourself or others.Those who choose to be creators look at life quite differently. They know there are individuals who might like to control their lives, but they don't let this get in the way. They know they have their weaknesses, yet they don't blame themselves when they fail. Whatever happens, they have choice in the matter. They believe their dance with each sacred(神圣的)moment of life is a gift and that storms are a natural part of life which can bring the rain needed for emotional and spiritual growth.Victims and creators live in the same physical world and deal with many of the same physical realities, yet their experience of life is worlds apart. Victims relish (沉溺)in anger, guilt, and other emotions that cause others—and even themselves—to feel like victims, too. Creators consciously choose love,inspiration, and other qualities which inspire not only themselves, but all around them. Both victims and creators always have choice to determine the direction of their lives.In reality, all of us play the victim or the creator at various points in our lives. One person, on losing a job or a special relationship, may feel as if it is the end of the world and sink into terrible suffering for months, years, or even a life time. Another with the same experience may choose to first experience the grief, then accept the loss and soon move on to be a powerful creative force in his life.In every moment and every circumstance, you can choose to have fuller, richer life by setting a clear intention to transform the victim within, and by inviting into your life the powerful creator that you are.(1) What does the word "they" in Paragraph 1 probably refer to?A. People and things around you.B. Opportunities and problems.C. Creators and their choices.D. Victims and their sufferings.(2) According to Paragraph 2, creators.A. seem willing to experience failures in lifeB. possess the ability to predict future lifeC. handle ups and downs of life wiselyD. have potential to create something new(3) What can we learn from Paragraph 3?A. Creators and victims face quite different things in life.B. Creators and victims are masters of their lives.C. Victims can influence more people than creators.D. Compared with victims, creators are more emotional.(4) The examples mentioned in Paragraph 4 show that.A. strong attachment to sufferings in life pulls people into victims.B. people need family support to deal with challengers in life.C. it takes creators quite a long time to get rid of their pains.D. one’s experiences determine his attitude toward life.(5) What is the author's purpose in writing this passage?A. To define victims and creators.B. To evaluate victims against creators.C. To explain the relationship between victims and creators.D. To suggest the transformation from victims to creators.21、【来源】 2012年高考真题天津卷第21~25题2017年天津河北区高三二模第56~60题10分Born in 1949, Diana Nyad took an early interest in swimming as a sport and was a Florida State High School swimming champion. Like many young athletes, she had Olympic dreams, but a serious illness kept her from competing in the Games. The disappointment didn't stop her from going forward. Instead, she became interested in marathon swimming. A brilliant athlete, she was well-conditioned for spending long periods of time in the water. As a long-distance swimmer, she would compete against herself and theobstacles presented by distance, danger, cold, and exhaustion.For ten years Nyad devoted herself to becoming one of the world's best long-distance swimmers.In1970, she swam a ten-mile marathon in Lake Ontario, setting the women's record for the course. In 1972 she set another record by swimming 102.5 miles from an island in the Bahamasto the coast of Florida.Then she broke a third record when swimming around Manhattan Island in 1975.Nyad attempted to swim the distance between Florida and Cubain 1978. Though the span of water is less than 100 miles wide, it is rough and dangerous. After battling the water for two days, she had to give for the sake of her own health and safety. Even so, she impressed the world with her courage and strong desire to succeed. For Nyad her strength of purpose was just as important as reaching Cuba.That is how she defined success. It did not matter that her swim came up short; she believed she had touched the other shore.When Nyad ended her career as a swimmer, she continued to try new things---travelling the world as a reporter, writing books and giving public speeches about her life. Diana Nyad works to inspire others, just as she did when she swam the waters of the world.(1) What prevented Nyad from taking part in the Olympic Games? (No more than 5 words)(2) What does the underlined word "obstacles" mean? (1 word)(3) What achievement did Nyad make in 1970? (No more than 10 words.)(4) Why did Nyad believe that she had touched the other shore? (No more than 10 words)(5) Please explain how you are inspired by Nyad. (No more than 20 words)四、书面表达22、【来源】 2012年高考真题天津卷第22题假设你是李津,你的美国朋友Chris就读于天津某国际学校。
天津外国语大学语言学方向考研真题信息(英语语言文学专业)
天津考研网()天津外国语大学语言学方向考研真题信息(英语语言文学专业)天津外国语大学语言学方向考研复习都是有依据可循的,考研学子关注事项流程为:考研报录比-大纲-参考书-资料-真题-复习经验-辅导-复试-导师,缺一不可。
作为天津外国语大学英语语言文学专业语言学方向的众多报考生之一,亲身经历过去年的考研大战,成功进入复试,最后在录取名单上终于看到了我的名字。
这一年来的备考,也算是有了不少心得体会,现在这个时间段正是研读真题的时候,所以我把自己如何复习真题的经验体会写下来分享给大家,希望可以帮到大家复习。
我个人呢在复习真题的时候是按照下面的方法展开自己的复习计划,写出来给大家参考一下:首先第一遍的时候按照年份限时做题,就像模拟考一样,算个大概的分数;然后思考自己当时没做出来的题该怎么做,做错的题错在哪,会做的题是不是有更好的思路和解题方法;第二遍主要做错题,主攻错题并且总结错题的题型和涉及到的知识点;最后按照错误率的高低专项攻克一个知识点,并且花上1-2天的时间只做这个知识点。
练得多了可以缩短一下时间,因为在考场上我们的心理并不如平时轻松,所以平时要更为严苛的锻炼我们的解题速度以及正确率,以保证可以发挥出正常水平。
另外呢,我参加的初试专业课考试为:业务一701(基础英语+汉语);业务二801(英语语言文学)。
我用的资料是:天津外国语大学英语语言文学专业语言学方向考研红宝书-全程版。
资料中包含了如下的真题内容:天津外国语大学基础英语+汉语2004-2016年考研试题;天津外国语大学基础英语+汉语2006-2015年考研试题参考答案;天津外国语大学英语语言文学(语言学方向)2007-2016年考研试题;天津外国语大学英语语言文学(语言学方向)2007-2016年详细参考答案;天津外国语大学基础英语+汉语2006-2015年考研真题解析,“天津外国语大学英语语言文学(英语语言学方向)考研真题解析(答案+讲解视频)”;天津外国语大学英语语言文学(语言学方向)2007-2016年考研真题解析,“天津外国语大学英语语言文学(英语语言学方向)考研真题解析(答案+讲解视频)”;二外科目2005-2016年考研试题(其中2015-2016年包括二外日语、德语、法语、英语)。
2008年天津外国语学院英语专业(英美文学)真题试卷.doc
2008年天津外国语学院英语专业(英美文学)真题试卷(总分:44.00,做题时间:90分钟)一、单项选择题(总题数:6,分数:12.00)1.Thomas Hardy is a prolific writer whose works include the following except______.(分数:2.00)A.Far from the Madding CrowdB.To the Light HouseC.Under the Greenwood TreeD.Jude the Obscure2.In the first half of the 19th century English drama experienced a general decline; ______ two famous English playwrights revived the British theatre after this period of time.(分数:2.00)A.William Shakespeare and Christopher MarloweB.Harold Pinter and Samuel BeckettC.George Bernard Shaw and Oscar WildeD.Henrik Ibsen and August Strindberg3.The three most eminent novelists who represent the three phases of the Victorian novels are Charles Dickens, Thomas Hardy and______.(分数:2.00)A.George MooreB.Louis StevensonC.James JoyceD.George Eliot4.Which of the following books deals with American Civil War?(分数:2.00)A.The Red Badge of CourageB.For Whom the Bell TollsC.Slaughterhouse-FiveD.Catch 225.The first writer who took the vernacular as a serious way of presenting reality after Mark Twain is______.(分数:2.00)A.Robert FrostB.Ernest HemingwayC.William Carlos WilliamsD.Sherwood Anderson6.Direct treatment of the "thing" , whether subjective or objective, is one of the poetic principles advocated by______.(分数:2.00)A.ImagistsB.RealistsC.NaturalistsD.Romanticists二、填空题(总题数:7,分数:14.00)7.Geoffrey Chaucer" s famous work 1contains 20-odd stories unified by a fictitious pilgrimage.(分数:2.00)填空项1:__________________8.In 1, Thomas More offers an ideal social system, with which people replace tyranny with 2.(分数:2.00)填空项1:__________________9.The definition that "all good poetry is the spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings" was written by 1in 2.(分数:2.00)填空项1:__________________10.Harold Pinter, who 1, is one of the most gifted English playwrights in the post-war period.(分数:2.00)填空项1:__________________11.In his 1Benjamin Franklin creates the image of a boy" s rise from 2to riches and demonstrates his belief that the new world of America was a land of opportunities which might be met through hard work and wise management.(分数:2.00)填空项1:__________________12.As a reflection of Hester Prynne" s moral development, the 1symbolically undergoes a gradual and imperceptible change from " 2"to "able" and last to "angel".(分数:2.00)填空项1:__________________13.Known as African Americans" poet laureate, 1articulates the miseries and agonies of the blacks in face of racial discrimination.(分数:2.00)填空项1:__________________三、名词解释(总题数:3,分数:6.00)14.Briefly explain five—only the first Ave will be assessed in case more than five answers are provided—out of the following seven terms. Provide an example where you feel adequate. Write your answer on the ANSWER SHEET.(30 points)allegory(分数:2.00)__________________________________________________________________________________________ 15.Oedipus Complex(分数:2.00)__________________________________________________________________________________________ 16.tragedy(分数:2.00)__________________________________________________________________________________________四、问答题(总题数:5,分数:10.00)17.Questions in this section are set for applicants to the MA program of American & British Literature . Answer any three of the following essay questions. Your answer is expected to have a clearly stated and focused central argument that is supported with discussion, explanation, examples, and other evidence rather than a plot summary.(50 points) In what way does Daniel Defoe" s Robinson Crusoe reflect the history of British colonization in the 18 th century?(分数:2.00)__________________________________________________________________________________________ 18.Charles Dickens is believed to be basically an optimistic writer. Can you justify the view with reference to one of his novels?(分数:2.00)__________________________________________________________________________________________ 19.Emily Dickinson" s poetry abounds in images. In the best of her poems every word is a picture seen. Comment on the images in either "Because I Could Not Stop for Death" or "I Like to See It Lap the Miles".(分数:2.00)__________________________________________________________________________________________ 20.In The Glass Menagerie, Tennessee Williams successfully portrays a family of escapists. Explain how the theme of escapism is developed in this play.(分数:2.00)__________________________________________________________________________________________ 21.Marxist literary criticism, psychoanalytic criticism, deconstruction and feminist criticism are some of the popular approaches that Chinese students take in the study of literature. Try to explain any one of the four approaches to literature.(分数:2.00)__________________________________________________________________________________________ 作文22.Write in English an essay of approximately 300 words on one poem, story or play you have read from British or American literature of the twentieth century and comment on some very specific aspect of literary work. You are expected to write an essay with a clearly stated and focusedcentral argument that is supported with discussion, explanation , examples, and other evidence rather than a plot summary. Write your answer on the ANSWER SHEET.(20 points)(分数:2.00)__________________________________________________________________________________________。
2010年天津外国语大学英语专业(英美文学)真题试卷.doc
2010年天津外国语大学英语专业(英美文学)真题试卷(总分:48.00,做题时间:90分钟)一、填空题(总题数:20,分数:40.00)1.The only organic whole poem to come out of the Anglo-Saxons period is 1, an example of the mingling of nature myths and heroic legends.(分数:2.00)填空项1:__________________2." A little learning is a dangerous thing/Drink deep, or taste not the Pierian sping," a famous quotation is from An Essay on Criticism written by 1, the high priest and magistrate of the Age of Reason.(分数:2.00)填空项1:__________________3.The 16th century in the history of English literature is viewed as a great period of Elizabethan drama, which witnessed the birth of two great playwrights; William Shakespeare and 1.(分数:2.00)填空项1:__________________4.John Bunyan, a village tinker, with his strength and sincerity inscribed his name in the English literary history by his famous work 1written in the old-fashioned, medieval form of allegory and dream.(分数:2.00)填空项1:__________________5.The famous English critic Mathew Arnold called the 18th century in Britain "an age of prose". In this period, no novelists were as popular and well known as 1.(分数:2.00)填空项1:__________________6.Joseph Addison and Sir Richard Steele are always remembered together because they started a journalistic tradition that is still alive in Britain and the United State. Their collaboration on a series of essays for the Taller and the 1strongly influenced 18th century English taste and opinion.(分数:2.00)填空项1:__________________7.Like Ibsen, 1was much concerned about the social problems of his time. His career as a dramatist began in 1892, when his first play 2was put on and turned out a success.(分数:2.00)填空项1:__________________8.Modernist writers such as James Joyce and Virginia Wolf approached the internal world of characters in their novels by the technique of "stream of consciousness" which means 1.(分数:2.00)填空项1:__________________9.According to historians of English literature, the First World War saw the start of a poetic revolution which was initiated by the imagist movement and the symbolist movement. The imagist movement was led by 1.(分数:2.00)填空项1:__________________10.The revolution of the British drama came in the decade following the ending of the World War II. The tremors in the post-war British theatre were caused by Samuel Beckett"s play 1.(分数:2.00)填空项1:__________________11.Edgar Allan Poe"s stories fall into two categories; 1and "tales of ratiocination".(分数:2.00)填空项1:__________________12." The greatest delight which the fields and woods minister, is the suggestion of an occult relation between man and the vegetable. I am not alone and unacknowledged. They nod to me, and I to them. The waving of the boughs in the storm, is new to me and old. It takes me by surprise,and yet is not unknown. Its effect is like that of a higher thought or a better emotion coming over me, when I deemed I was thinking justly or doing right.Yet it is certain that the power to produce this delight, does not reside in 1, but in 2, or in a harmony of both. It is necessary to use these pleasures with great temperance. "(分数:2.00)填空项1:__________________13.In Emily Dickinson"s poem Because I Could not Stop for Death, she uses personification to compare death to 1.(分数:2.00)填空项1:__________________14.In William Dean Howell"s 1, the burning of the house symbolizes the protagonist"s economic fall but he achieves his moral and ethical rise.(分数:2.00)填空项1:__________________15.Allen Ginsberg"s 1(1956), William S. Burroughs"s Naked Lunch(1959)and Jack Kerouac"s On the Road(1957)are considered to be the literary representatives of the 2of the 1950s.(分数:2.00)填空项1:__________________16.The Southern Renaissance was the reinvigoration of American Southern literature that began in the 1920s and 1930s with the appearance of, among others, novelist 1, playwright 2, short-story writer Katherine Anne Porter.(分数:2.00)填空项1:__________________17.The concept of "double consciousness" which has beeh widely employed in the literary criticism of ethnic American literatures originated from the enduring classic The Souls of Black Folk(1903) by 1.(分数:2.00)填空项1:__________________18.In 1by Arthur Miller, the main character 2"s determination to live up to his "American Dream" and only to seek material happiness takes his life.(分数:2.00)填空项1:__________________19. 1by J.D.Salinger reflects the moral crisis and disillusionment of the post-war American society.(分数:2.00)填空项1:__________________20."The suits on Wall Street walked off with most of our savings. " The figure of speech used in the sentence is 1.(分数:2.00)填空项1:__________________二、问答题(总题数:4,分数:8.00)21.Charles Lamb is sometimes called the Shakespeare of the English essay. Do you agree or disagree on the statement? Give details to support your argument.(分数:2.00)__________________________________________________________________________________________ 22.British romanticism is a very important literary trend in the history of the English literature. Scholars singled out six major poets in this period of time: Wordsworth, Coleridge, Byron, Shelly, Keats and Blake and constructed the basic notions of a unified Romanticism. What are the basic notions of Romanticism? Illustrate these notions of Romanticism with one or two examples.(分数:2.00)__________________________________________________________________________________________ 23.How do Ichabod Crane and Brom Bones in The Legend of Sleepy Hollow embody two different value systems?(分数:2.00)__________________________________________________________________________________________ 24.Give the importance of mobility in the ideological underpinnings of America, it is hardly surprising to find that American literature has from its beginnings been"a literature of movement, of motion, its great icons the track through forest and superhighway. " Please name one novel from the canonical American literature to elaborate on the theme of mobility.(分数:2.00)__________________________________________________________________________________________。
2012年天津卷英语高考试卷(原卷 答案)
绝密★启用前2012年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(天津卷)英语本试卷共61题,共150分。
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第一部分英语知识运用(共两节,满分45分)第一节单项选择(共15小题;每小题1分,满分15分)从A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
1.—Can I have a day off tomorrow,Mr.Johnson?— .I can manage without you.A.Forget it B.I’m afraid not C.It depends D.Of course2.The letters for the boss on his desk but he didn’t read them until three days later.A.were put B.was put C.put D.has put3.You are working too hard.You’d better keep a between work and relaxation.A.promise B.lead C.balance D.diary4.The dog may be a good companion for the old.,the need to take it for walks may be a disadvantage.A.Besides B.However C.Therefore D.Instead5.—You have to believe in yourself.No one else will,if you don’t.— .Confidence is really important.A.It’s not my cup of tea B.That’s not the pointC.I don’t think so D.I couldn’t agree more6.Only after Mary read her composition the second time the spelling mistake.A.did she notice B.she noticedC.does she notice D.she has noticed7.I wish to thank Professor Smith,without help I would never have got this far.A.who B.whose C.whom D.which8.It’s quite warm here;we turn the heating on yet.A.couldn’t B.mustn’t C.needn’t D.wouldn’t9.It doesn’t matter you turn right or left at the crossing — both roads lead to the park.A.whether B.how C.if D.when10.The secretary arranged a(n) time and place for the applicants to have an interview.A.important B.spare C.public D.convenient11.He got up late and hurried to his office,the breakfast untouched.A.left B.to leave C.leaving D.having left12.The three of us around Europe for about a month last summer.A.travelled B.have travelled C.had travelled D.travel13.Parents and children should communicate more to the gap between them so that they can understand each other better.A.open B.narrow C.widen D.leave14.Everything was placed exactly he wanted it for the graduation ceremony.A.while B.when C.where D.though15.We would have called a taxi yesterday if Harold us a ride home.A.didn’t offer B.wouldn’t offerC.hasn’t offered D.hadn’t offered第二节完形填空(共20小题;每小题1.5分,满分30分)阅读下面短文,从短文后各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
2012年天津市高考英语试卷解析版
2012年天津市高考英语试卷解析版参考答案与试题解析第一部分:英语知识运用(共两节,满分15分)第一节:单项填空(共15小题,每小题1分,满分15分)从A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项.1.(1分)﹣﹣﹣Can I have a day off tomorrow,Mr.Johnson?﹣﹣﹣__________.I can manage without you.( )A.Forget it B.I'm afraid notC.It depends D.Of course【考点】JI:语言交际.【分析】句意:﹣﹣约翰逊先生,明天我可以请一天的假吗?﹣﹣当然可以,没有你我能应付.【解答】答案D.A项"休想;算了吧";B项"我恐怕不行";C项"视情况而定";D项"当然";根据答语中"I can manage without you"可知,明天没有你我能应付,说明是同意对方请假.因此D项符合语境,故选D.【点评】本题考查情景交际.解答此类题目首先应该读懂句意,分析上下文语境和逻辑关系.其次对每个选项中的交际用语的适用情况要掌握,根据语境锁定正确答案.关键平时学习中要对交际用语多积累多总结反复记忆.2.(1分)The letters for the boss___________ on his desk but he didn't read them until three later.( )A.were put B.was put C.put D.has put【考点】F4:一般过去时的被动语态.【分析】句意:给老板的那些信(被)放在他的办公桌上,但他直到三天后才读.【解答】答案A 此处The letters 和put之间是被动关系.由but he didn't read可知,应该用过去式,即:一般过去时的被动语态.故选:A.【点评】考查一般过去时的被动语态.主要看句子的主语和动词之间是主动还是被动关系,然后再根据时间状语确定时态.3.(1分)You were working too hard.You'd better keep a ________between work and relaxation.( )A.promise B.lead C.balance D.diary【考点】35:名词的词义辨析.【分析】句意:你工作太卖力了.你最好在工作和休息之间保持平衡.【解答】答案C A项"许诺,承诺";B项"领导,榜样";C项"平衡";D项"日记".由句意可知"是在工作和休息之间保持平衡".故选C项.【点评】考查名词词义辨析.要掌握每一个名词的意思,然后再根据句意选择合适的名词即可.4.(1分)The dog may be a good companion for the old._______,the need to take it for walks may be a disadvantage.( )A.Besides.B.However C.Therefore D.Instead.【考点】91:并列连词.【分析】句意:狗对老年人来说可能是好伙伴.然而,遛狗可能会很不方便.【解答】答案:B A项"除…之外";B项"然而";C项"因此";D项"相反的".前一句有good,后一句又有disadvantage.前后意思转折,应该用转折连词.故选B项.【点评】考查连词.主要要弄清每一个连词的意思,然后再根据句意选择合适的连词即可.5.(1分)﹣﹣﹣You have to believe in yourself.No one else will,if you don't.﹣﹣﹣__________.Confidence is really important.( )A.It's not my cup of teaB.That's not the pointC.I don't think soD.I couldn't agree more【考点】JI:语言交际.【分析】句意:﹣﹣﹣你必须要相信你自己.如果你不相信你自己,就没有人能相信(你).﹣﹣﹣我非常赞同.信心真的很重要.【解答】答案D.A项"那不是我感兴趣的";B项"那不是问题的关键";C项"我不这么认为";D项"我完全赞同";根据答语中"Confidence is really important"可知,相信自己(对自己有信心)是很重要的,与上句中所表达的观点"You have to believe in yourself"是一致的.也就是说完全赞同对方所表达的观点.因此D项符合语境,故选D.【点评】本题考查情景交际.解答此类题目首先应该读懂句意,分析上下文语境和逻辑关系.其次对每个选项中的交际用语的适用情况要掌握,根据语境锁定正确答案.关键平时学习中要对交际用语多积累多总结反复记忆.6.(1分)Only after Mary read her composition the second time_________ the spelling mistake.( )A.did she notice B.she noticedC.does she notice D.she has noticed【考点】GB:倒装句.【分析】句意:只有当玛丽第二次读了她的作文后,她才注意到拼写错误.【解答】答案A 此处是部分倒装.因为"Only+状语"置于句首时,句子要部分倒装,即:用一般疑问句的语序.排除B、D两项.由于句子是一般过去式,所以选A项.【点评】考查倒装.只要掌握在哪几种情况下用部分倒装即可.此题是"Only+状语"置于句首,句子部分倒装.特别要注意的是"Only+主语"置于句首,句子不到装.7.(1分)I wish to thank Professor Smith,without_______help I would never have got this far.( )A.who B.whose C.whom D.which【考点】58:连接代词;H2:非限制性定语从句.【分析】句意为:我希望感谢史密斯教授,要是没有了他的帮助,我不可能走这么远.【解答】答案:B 本题定语从句的先行词是Professor Smith,在定语从句中,关系代词应该指代先行词,并在从句中作为help的定语.选项中只有whose可以放在名词前面做定语.故选:B.【点评】解答定语从句的关键是分析句子成分,如果定语从句的句子成分很完整就使用关系副词;如果句子缺少主语,宾语,表语或者定语的时候就使用关系代词.同时也要注意一些关系词的特殊用法,尤其是that的特殊用法,既要注意普遍性,也要注意特殊性.特别关注:Whose是可以放在名词前面做定语的关系代词,如果缺少定语,用whose引导定语从句,或是of which the+名词/the+名词+of which.要特别注意which引导非限制性短语从句的用法.8.(1分)It's quite warm here;we __________turn the heating on yet.( )A.couldn't B.mustn't C.needn't D.wouldn't【考点】A6:情态动词;G4:否定句.【分析】句意为:今天这里相当暖和,我们没必要开暖气.【解答】答案:C 根据上文"这里相当暖和",可以推知下文应该是:我们没必要开暖气.couldn't不可能;mustn't禁止;needn't不需要;wouldn't不会.根据语境,本题应该选择C.【点评】考查情态动词要注意句子所表达的含义中含有什么样的语气.9.(1分)It doesn't matter _________you turn right or left at the crossing﹣﹣﹣both roads lead to the park.( )A.whether B.how C.if D.when【考点】92:从属连词.【分析】句意:你在十路口向右拐还是向左拐都没关系﹣﹣两条路都可以到达公园.【解答】答案:A 此题考查主语从句.It是形式主语,真正的主语是whether引导的从句.和or连用时,用whether引导主语从句.if作"是否"讲时,不引导主语从句.故选:A.【点评】考查主语从句.主要要记住引导主语从句的连词,然后根据句意选择连词即可.10.(1分)The secretary arranged a(n)___________time and space for the applicants to have an interview.( )A.important B.spare C.public D.convenient【考点】64:形容词词意辨析.【分析】句意:秘书为申请人安排了合适的被采访的时间和地点.【解答】答案:D A项"重要的";B项"闲暇的,多余的";C项"公众的";D项"方便的,便利的".由句意可知,此处是指"方便的时间和地点".故选D项.【点评】考查形容词词义辨析.要掌握每一个形容词的意思,然后再根据句意选择合适的形容词即可.11.(1分)He got up late and hurried to his office,_________the breakfast untouched.( )A.left B.to leaveC.leaving D.having left【考点】B3:现在分词;HJ:结果状语从句.【分析】句意:他起床晚了,然后匆匆忙忙地去了办公室,没有吃早饭.【解答】答案:C 此处是现在分词作结果状语.由于got up late 所以"没吃早饭",这是自然而然的结果,用现在分词做结果状语.而不定式也可以做结果状语,只是表示"出乎意料"的结果.故选:C.【点评】考查现在分词作结果状语.主要要区分开与不定式作作结果状语的不同.现在分词做结果状语表示自然而然的结果;而不定式做结果状语,只是表示"出乎意料"的结果.12.(1分)The three of us___________around Europe for about a month last summer.( )A.travelled B.have travelledC.had travelled D.travel【考点】E2:一般过去时.【分析】句意:去年我们当中的三个人在欧洲旅行了大约一个月.【解答】答案:A 由时间状语last summer.可知,动词应该用一般过去式,指发生在过去的动作.故选A项.【点评】考查一般过去式.主要掌握一般过去式的定义及一些时间状语即可.13.(1分)Parents and children should communicate more to ________the gap between them so that they can understand each other better.( )A.open B.narrow C.widen D.leave【考点】A8:实义动词.【分析】句意为:家长和孩子应该多交流,来缩小他们之间的代沟,以便他们能够更好地理解彼此.【解答】答案:B open意思是"打开",narrow形容词的意思是"狭窄的",作为动词意思是"(使)变窄,缩小",widen意思是"拓宽",leave意思是"离开".根据下文"so that they can understand each other better."可知,家长和孩子之间应该缩小他们之间的代沟,所以本题应该选择B.【点评】了解各个选项的词义,再结合句意选择正确的选项.14.(1分)Everything was placed exactly ___________he wanted it for the graduation ceremony.( )A.while B.when C.where D.though【考点】HI:地点状语从句.【分析】句意为:为了毕业典礼,一切东西都已精确地放在了他想要地方.【解答】答案:C根据was placed (被放在)可知其后为地点状语,where引导地点状语从句,在从句中作地点状语,这里缺少地点状语"所放的位置",故C项符合语境.故选:C.【点评】分析句子中主句和从句之间的关系,特别是主句中的谓语动词,然后根据需要选择适当连词.15.(1分)We would have called a taxi yesterday if Harold __________us a ride home.( )A.didn't offer B.wouldn't offerC.hasn't offered D.hadn't offered【考点】GJ:虚拟语气.【分析】句意为:昨天要不是Harold载我们回家,我们可能就叫出租车了.【解答】答案:D 主句中的谓语"would have called a taxi"表示本句所表达的内容与过去事实相反,从句中应该用过去完成时.所以本题选择D.【点评】考查此类题型,需要理解表示于过去事实相反的假设中的句型结构.句型:条件从句:过去完成时;主句:should(would)have+过去分词第二节:完形填空(共1小题:每小题1.5分,满分30分)16.(30分)阅读下面短文,掌握其大意,然后从16~35各题所给出的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项.I fell in love with Yosemite National Park the first time I saw it,when I was 13.My parentstook us there for camping.On the way out,I asked them to wait while I ran up to E1Capitan,a(16) B rock of 3,300feet straight up.I touched that giant rock and knew(17) A I wanted to climb it.That has been my life's passion (钟爱)ever since﹣﹣﹣(18) D the rocks and mountains of Yosemite.I've long made Yosemite my (19) B .About 15years ago I started seeing a lot of(20) C ,like toilet paper,beer cans,and empty boxes,around the area.It's(21) A me why visitors started respecting the place(22) C and treated such a beautiful home﹣like place this way.I tried (23) B trash(垃圾)myself,but the job was too big.I would (24) D an hour or two on the job,only to find the area trashed all over again weeks later.Finally,I got so(25) C it that I decided something had to change.As a rock﹣climbing guide,I knew(26) D about organizing any big event.But in 2004,together with some climbers,I set a date for a(27) A .On that day,more than 300people (28) B .Over three days we collected about 6,000pounds of trash.It was amazing how much we were able to(29) C .I couldn't believe the(30) D we made﹣﹣﹣the park looked clean!Each year volunteers come for the cleanup from everywhere.In 2007alone,2,945people picked up 42,330pounds of trash and(31) C 132miles of roadway.I often hear people(32) B about their surroundings.If you are one of them,I would say the only way to change things is by(33) A rather than complaining.We need to teach by (34) C .You can't blame others(35) D you start with yourself.16.A.distant B.huge C.narrow D.loose 17.A.immediately B.finally C.gradually D.recently 18.A.imagining B.painting C.describing D.climbing 19.A.garden B.home C.lab D.palace 20.A.material B.resources C.waste D.goods 21.A.beyond B.against C.over D.within 22.A.more B.most C.less D.least 23.A.throwing away B.picking up C.breaking down D.digging out 24.A.kill B.save C.wait D.spend 25.A.satisfied with B.delighted in C.tired of D.used to 26.A.something B.anything C.everything D.nothing 27.A.cleanup B.party C.picnic D.concert 28.A.dropped out B.showed up C.looked around D.called back29.A.demand B.receive C.accomplish D.overcome 30.A.plan B.visit C.contact D.difference 31.A.crossed B.measured C.covered D.designed 32.A.talk B.complain C.argue D.quarrel 33.A.doing B.thinking C.questioning D.watching 34.A.method B.explanation C.example D.research 35.A.although B.if C.when D.useless【考点】L1:记叙文;MB:健康环保类阅读;N3:上下文逻辑推测.【分析】本文是一篇记叙文.文章讲述了"我"把Yosemite National Park当做自己的家.当"我"看到里面有大量的垃圾时,开始是自己,后来组织大家捡垃圾.由此"我"明白改变事情的方法是动手去做,而不是抱怨.【解答】答案:16﹣﹣﹣20 BADBC 21﹣﹣﹣25 ACBDC 26﹣﹣﹣30 DABCD 31﹣﹣﹣35 CBACD16.B.从下文的thatgrant rock可知选B.17.A.immediately立即,马上.句意:我触摸到那块巨石时,立刻知道我想攀登它.18.D.根据17空后的climb可知.19.B.根据22空后的such a beautiful home﹣like place可知.20.C.根据like 后面列举的内容可知.21.A.beyond超出.句意:我不理解游客为什么不爱护这个地方…22.C.根据上文游客在这样一个美丽的地方丢弃大量的垃圾,故选less.23.B.根据上文,我看到游客丢垃圾很心痛,于是自己去捡起那些游客丢弃的垃圾.pike up 捡起;throwaway 扔掉;breakdown出故障,抛锚;谈判破裂;digout发掘、找到.24.D.花费时间做某事用spend sometime on sth.故选D.25.C.根据上文的"…only to find the area trashed all over again weeks later",以及下文的"…that I decided something had to change"可知作者自己疲惫了单独捡垃圾.26.D.根据下一句"but"后的内容,可知此句意思为作者不知道如何组织大型活动.27.A.根据下文中的超过三百多人参加捡垃圾以及下一段中的"each year volunteers come for the cleanup from everywhere",可知此处选A(清扫).28.B.根据下一句"over three days we collected about 6,000 pounds of trash"可知"那一天,超出三百多人参加了清扫垃圾的活动",故选B(出席,到场).29.C.根据上一句"over three days we collected about 6,000 pounds of trash"可知选C (完成).30.D.根据破折号后的"the park looked clean"可知,因为我们把公园里的垃圾捡完了,公园变得干净了,与以前不同了,故选D.31.C.此句的意思是"单独2007一年中,2,945 个人捡了42,330磅垃圾,覆盖了132英里的路面".32.B.根据33空后的"complain"可知选B.33.A.此句意思是"我想说改变事情的唯一方式是做,而不是抱怨",故选A.34.C.句意为"我们需要榜样",故选C.35.D.句意为"我们不能责备别人,除非以身作则",故选D.【点评】做完形填空时,要了解完形填空题的设空原则,用正确的思维解题,不抠字词用法,不断章取义.先浏览全文,概括大意,然后再根据对上下文文意的理解和行文逻辑的把握来答题.第二部分:阅读理解(共4小题;每小题2.5分,满分49.5分)阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出最佳选项.17.(12.5分)Bicycle SafetyOperation Always ride your bike in a safe,controlled manner on campus(校园).Obey rules and regulations.Watch out for walkers and other bicyclists,and always use your lights in dark conditions.Theft Prevention Always securely lock your bicycle to a bicycle rack﹣﹣﹣even if you are only away for a minute.Register your bike with the University Department of Public Safety.It's fast,easy,and free.Registration permanently records your serial number,which is useful in the possible recovery of the bike stolen.EquipmentBrakes Make sure that they are in good working order and adjusted properly.Helmet A necessity,make sure your helmet meets current safety standards and fit properly.Lights Always have a front headlight﹣﹣﹣visible at least 500feet in front of the bike.A taillight is agood idea.Rules of the RoadRiding on Campus As a bicycle rider,you have a responsibility to ride only on streets and posted bicycle paths.Riding on sidewalks or other walkways can lead to a fine.The speed limit for bicycles on campus is 15mph,unless otherwise posted.Always give the right of ways to walkers.If you are involved in an accident,you are required to offer appropriate aid,call the Department of Public Safety and remain at the scene until the officer lets you go.Bicycle Parking Only park in areas reserved for bikes.Trees,handrails,hallways,and sign posts are not for bicycle parking,and parking in such posts can result in a fine.If Things Go WrongIf you break the rules,you will be fined.Besides violating rules while riding bicycles on campus,you could be fined for:No bicycle registration﹣﹣﹣﹣﹣﹣﹣﹣﹣﹣﹣﹣﹣25dollarsBicycleparkivngbanned﹣﹣﹣﹣﹣﹣﹣﹣﹣﹣﹣﹣﹣﹣﹣30dollarsBlocking path with bicycle﹣﹣﹣﹣﹣﹣﹣﹣﹣﹣40dollars Violationofbicycleequipmentrequirement﹣﹣﹣﹣﹣﹣﹣﹣﹣﹣35dollars36.Registration of your bicycle may help you A .A.find your stolen bicycleB.get your serial numberC.receive free repair servicesD.settle conflicts with walkers37.According to the passage,what bike equipment is a free choice for bicycle riders? D .A.Brakes.B.A helmet.C.A headlight.D.A taillight.38.When you ride a bicycle on the campus, C .A.ride on posted bicycle paths and sidewalksB.cycle at a speed of over 15mphC.put the walkers'right of way firstD.call the police before leaving in a case of accident39.If you lock your bicycle to a tree on the campus,you could be fined B .A.25B.30C.35D.4040.What is the passage mainly about? A A.A guide for safe bicycling on campus.B.Directions for bicycle tour on campus.C.Regulations of bicycle race on campus.D.Rules for riding motor vehicles on campus.【考点】OA:健康环保类阅读;P1:内容归纳;P2:文中细节;P4:逻辑推理.【分析】本文讲述的主要是在校园里要安全使用自行车,以及校园内骑自行车时要遵守的交通规则.首先为了防盗,要对使用的自行车进行登记;其次,必须得保证自行车的刹车性能良好,要调整好刹车;必须配有头盔,并且确保头盔符合当前的安全标准以及大小要合适;自行车必须得有一个前大灯,可见度至少要能照到自行车前500英尺.校园骑车的交通规则:只能在街道上或标有自行车标记的路上骑车,违者将罚款;并且限速每小时不能超过15英里,要给步行者让路;一旦发生了事故,需要提供适当的帮助,保护好现场,并且电话报警,等到警察允许了才能离开.要将自行车停在校园内的预留位置,禁止乱停乱放,否则会导致罚款.最后还规定了各种罚款的细则.【解答】36 A 细节理解题.根据Theft Prevention部分中的"Registration permanently records…in the possible recovery of the bike stolen."自行车登记可以永久记录你的序列号,这样会对被盗自行车有可能失而复得有用.所以给自行车登记可以帮你找到丢失的自行车,故选A.37 D 细节理解题.根据Equipment部分,"Brakes Make sure that…Helmet Anecessity,make sure…Lights Always have a front headlight…A taillight is a good idea."文中提到:必须得保证刹车性能良好,要调整好刹车;头盔是必需品,确保你的头盔符合当前的安全标准并且尺寸合适;自行车总得要有一个前大灯,可见度至少能照到自行车前500英尺;因此以上配套都是必须的.所以A.B.C都不正确.根据"A taillight isa good idea.安装一个尾灯也不错."可知,可以自愿安装尾灯,它不是必需的.故选D.38 C 细节理解题.根据"Riding on Campus"部分中的"Always give the right of ways towalkers"可知,在校园骑车时,总是要给步行者让路.所以"要将给步行者让路放在首位"是正确的.故选C.39 B 细节理解题.根据"Bicycle Parking"部分中的"Trees,handrails…result in a fine.树木、扶手、走廊、和标志杆,这些地方不允许停放自行车,否则会导致罚款"以及"Bicycle parking banned﹣﹣﹣﹣30dollars"违章停放自行车﹣﹣﹣罚款30美元.所以将自行车停在树下会罚款30美元,故选B.40 A 主旨大意题.A.自行车校园安全指南;B.自行车校园之旅;C.校园自行车比赛规则;D.校园骑摩托车的规定;通读全文可知:本文讲述的主要是在校园里安全使用自行车,以及校园内骑自行车时要遵守的交通规则.所以A是正确的.故选A.【点评】做阅读理解题时,首先要快速浏览全文,把握文章的主旨大意;然后结合后面的题目,进行有针对性的细节阅读.18.(12.5分)Barditch High School decided to an All﹣School Reunion.Over 450 people came to the event.There were tours of the old school building and a picnic at Confederate Park.Several former teachers were on hands to tell stories about the old days.Ms.Mabel Yates,the English teacher for fifty years,was wheeled to the Park.Some eyes rolled and there were a few low groans(嘟囔声)when Ms.Yates was about to speak.Many started looking at their watches and coming up with excuses to be anywhere instead of preparing to listen to a lecture from and old woman who had few kind words for her students and made them work harder than all the other teachers combined.Then Ms.Yates started to speak:"I can't tell you how pleased I am to be here.I haven't seen many of you since your graduation,but I have followed your careers and enjoyed your victories as well as crying foryour tragedies.I have a large collection of newspaper photographs of my students.Although I haven't appeared in person,I have attended your college graduations,weddings and even the birth your children,in my imagination."Ms.Yates paused and started crying a bit.Then she continued:"It was my belief that if I pushed you as hard as I could,some of you would succeed to please me and others would succeed to annoy me.Regardless of our motives,I can see that you have all been successful in you chosen path.""There is no greater comfort for an educator than to see the end result of his or her years of work.You have all been a great source of pleasure and pride for me and I want you to know I love you all from the bottom of my heart."There was a silence over the crowd for a few seconds and then someone started clapping.Tee clapping turned into cheering,then into a deafening roar(呼喊).Lawyers,truck drivers,bankers and models were rubbing their eyes or crying openly with no shame all because of the words from a long forgotten English teacher from their hometown.41.What activity was organized for the school reunion? C .A.Sightseeing in the park.B.A picnic on the school playground.C.Telling stories about past events.D.Graduates'reports in the old building.42.What can be inferred from Paragraph 2? B .A.Some graduates were too busy to listen to Ms.Yates'speech.B.Many graduates disliked Ms.Yates'ways of teaching.C.Some people got tired from the reunion activities.D.Most people had little interest in the reunion.43.We can learn from Ms.Yates'speech that she A .A.kept track of her students'progressB.gave her students advice on their careersC.attended her students'college graduationsD.went to her students'wedding ceremonies.44.What was Ms.Yates'belief in teaching teenagers? C .A.Teachers'knowledge is the key to students'achievements.B.Pressure on students from teachers should be reduced.C.Hard﹣pushed students are more likely to succeed.D.Students'respect is the best reward for teachers.45.Which of the following can best describe Ms.Yates? D .A.Reliable and devoted.B.Tough and generous.C.Proud but patient.D.Strict but caring.【考点】O5:科教类阅读;P1:内容归纳;P2:文中细节;P4:逻辑推理.【分析】本文是一篇记叙文,讲述了在一次同学聚会上老师发自肺腑的演讲.一位原本并不为学生所喜爱的老师告诉学生,自从他们毕业后她一直在记录着关注着他们的一切.他相信对他们严格会让他们成功.通过演讲,同学们知道了曾经讨厌的老师是如此可敬,一直陪伴他们成长.【解答】41.答案:C.细节理解题.根据文章第一段的第四句"several former teachers were on hand to tell stories about the old days."可知,组织活动的目的是为了讲述过去发生的事情.故C项正确.42.答案:B.推理判断题.根据第二段的第一句根据"Many started looking at their watches and coming up with excuses to be anywhere instead of preparing to listen to a lecture from an old woman who had few kind words for her students and made them work harder than all the other teachers combined."可知,当老师要说话时,学生寻找各种借口去各个地方而不是准备听老师讲话.这个老师话很少,但老师要他们努力学习,比其他老师加起来的还要多.可知,学生不喜欢他的教学方式.故B项正确.43.答案:A.细节理解题.根据文章第四段Ms.Yates演讲的第二句中的"but I have followed your careers and enjoyed your victories as well as crying for your tragedies."可推断出,这位老师一直在关注着她的学生的成长.故A项正确.44.答案:C.细节理解题.根据第六段第一句"It was my belief that if I pushed you as hard as I could,some of you would succeed to please me and others would succeed to annoy me."可知,Ms.Yates认为她越是严厉地对待学生,学生就越容易成功.故C项正确.45.答案:D.推理判断题.根据文章倒数第二段的最后一句中"I want you to know I love you all from the bottom of my heart"和第六段的第一句"It was my belief that if I pushed you as hard as I could."可推断出Ms.Yates是一个既严厉又充满了爱心的人,故D项正确.【点评】做这类题时,不仅要掌握文章的主旨大意,而且要根据题干在文章中找出关键信息进行细节理解,并根据上下文猜测词义.19.(12.5分)The practice of students endlessly copying letters and sentences from a blackboard is a thing of the past.With the coming of new technologies like computers and smartphone,writing by hand has become something of nostalgic (怀旧的)skill.However,while today's educators are using more and more technology in their teaching,many believe basic handwriting skills are still necessary for students to be successful﹣﹣﹣both in school and in life.Virginia Berninger,professor of educational psychology at the University of Washington,says it's important to continue teaching handwriting and help children acquire the skill of writing by hand.Berninger and her colleagues conducted a study that looked at the ability of students to complete various writing tasks﹣﹣﹣both on a computer and by hand.The study,published in 2009,found that when writing with a pen and paper,participants wrote longer essays and more complete sentences and had a faster word production rate.In a more recent study,Berninger looked at what role spelling plays in a student's writing skills and found that how well children spell is tied to know well they can write."Spelling makes some of the thinking parts of the brain active which helps us access our vocabulary,word meaning and concepts.It is allowing our written language to connect with ideas."Berninger said.Spelling helps students translate ideas into words in their mind first and then to transcribe(转换)"those words in the mind written symbols on paper or keyboard and screen,"the study said.Seeing the words in the"mind's eye"helps children not only to turn their ideas into words,says Berninger,but also to spot(发现)spelling mistakes when they write the words down and to correct then over time."In our computer age,some people believe that we don't have to teach spelling because we have spell checks,"she said."But until a child has a functional spelling ability of about a fifth grade level,they won't have the knowledge to choose the correct spelling among the options given by the computer."46.What makes writing by hand a thing of the past? B .A.The absence of blackboard in classroom.B.The use of new technologies in teaching.C.The lack of practice in handwriting.D.The popular use of smartphones.47.Berninger's study published in 2009 A .A.focused on the difference between writing by hand and on a computer.B.indicated that students prefer to write with a pen and paper.C.found that good essays are made up of long sentences.D.discussed the importance of writing speed.48.Which of the following best shows the role of spelling? B .A.Spelling improves one's memory of words.B.Spelling ability is closely related to writing ability.C.Spelling benefits the translation from words into ideas.D.Spelling slows down finding exact words to express ideas.49.What does"mind's eye"in paragraph 5mean? D .A.Window.B.SoulC.Picture.D.Imagination.50.What conclusion could be drawn from the passage? C .A.Computers can help people with their choice of words.B.Spell checks can take the place of spelling teaching.C.Handwriting still has a place in today's classrooms.D.Functional spelling ability develops fast in the fifth grade.【考点】O5:科教类阅读;P1:内容归纳;P2:文中细节.【分析】本文主要讲述的是:随着现代科技的发展,书写渐渐被人们所忽视.但是Berninger的研究表明,书写在现代教学中应该占有一席之地.加强拼写有助于学生的发展.【解答】46.答案:B.细节理解题.根据第一段"With the coming of new technologies like computers and smartphone,writing by hand has become something of nostalgic (怀旧的)skill."可知随着像电脑和智能手机的使用,书写已经成为了人们怀旧的东西.故答案选B.47.答案:A.细节理解题.根据第三段首句"Berninger and her colleagues conducted a study that looked at the ability of students to complete various writing tasks﹣﹣﹣both on a computer and by hand."可知Berninger和她的同事做了个研究,想看看学生用电脑和用手工完成各种写的任务的情况.故答案选A.48.答案:B.细节理解题.根据第四段首句"In a more recent study,Berninger looked at what role spelling plays in a student's writing skills and found that how well children spell is tied to know well they can write."可知在更近的一次研究中,Berninge想看看拼写在学生写作技巧中所发挥的什么作用,结果发现字写得好的孩子文章也写得好.故答案选B.49.答案:D.词义猜测题.根据第五段中"Seeing the words in the"mind's eye"helps children not only to turn their ideas into words,but also to notice spelling mistakes when they write the words down and to correct them over time."可知用内心去看这些单词,不仅能帮助学生们将思想变成文字,而且也能注意到拼写的错误和正确的书写.联系本意:思想的眼睛则为想像之意.故选D50.答案:C.主旨大意题.根据第一段特别是最后一句中"many believe handwriting skills are still necessary for students to be successful﹣﹣both in school and in life."句意:有许多人相信写作技能在学校与生活中依然有必要学的.和文章的最后一段,首段说明随着新技术的到来,手写已经成为过去,之后文章中部提到手写的好处,最后一段进一步阐明书写的重要.故答案选C.【点评】这篇文章篇幅较长,学生要培养快速阅读能力.阅读这类文章,要抓住文章的核心,即文章整体和各段主要在说什么,也要注意段落之间的逻辑关系.20.(12.5分)You are given many opportunities in life to choose to be a victim or。
2012年高考英语(天津卷)word版含答案,真人朗读学习英语中英文对比
第 3 页,共 130 页
can understand
each other better.
A. open B. narrow C. widen D. leave
14. Everything was placed exactly ___________he wanted it for the graduation ceremony. A. while B. when C. where D. though
03. You were working too hard. You’d better keep a ________between work and relaxation. A. promise B. lead C. balance D. diary
04. The dog may be a good companion for the old. _______, the need to take it for walks may be a disadvantage.
A. couldn’t
B. mustn’t C. needn’t D. wouldn’t
09. It doesn’t matter _________you turn right or left at the crossing ---both roads lead to the park. A. whether B. how C. if D.when
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天津外国语大学英语语言文学专业语言学方向考研真题资料含答案解析
天津外国语大学英语语言文学专业英美文学方向考研真题资料含答案解析天津外国语大学英语语言文学专业英美文学方向考研复习都是有依据可循的,考研学子关注事项流程为:考研报录比-大纲-参考书-资料-真题-复习经验-辅导-复试-导师,缺一不可。
在所有的专业课资料当中,真题的重要性无疑是第一位。
分析历年真题,我们可以找到报考学校的命题规律、题型考点、分值分布、难易程度、重点章节、重要知识点等,从而使我们的复习备考更具有针对性和侧重点,提高复习备考效率。
真题的主要意义在于,它可以让你更直观地接触到考研,让你亲身体验考研的过程,让你在做题过程中慢慢对考研试题形成大致的轮廓,这样一来,你对考研的"畏惧感"便会小很多。
关于天津外国语大学英语语言文学专业英美文学方向考研,寻找相对应的参考资料首先要了解清楚考什么,有些人在将资料拿到手的时候才发现不对劲的,我觉得那是对考研不负责任,对自己不负责任。
先说一下考试科目101政治、二外、业务一701(基础英语+汉语)YZ业务二801(英语语言文学),有人问我考研一定要用最新版的书吗?用老版本的可以吗?我想表达的意思是首先要与使用的辅导资料所用教材一致的那本,如果有最新的翻看一下哪些部分有增加,需要借鉴使用。
下面分别说一下参考书都是什么:英语语言文学就看作文和翻译基础英语看1.英语专业八级考试词汇表2.类似托福考试难度的语法题3.类似GRE试题的阅读理解部分汉语部分看1.《中国文学史》(古代部分、凡高校使用的教材均可参考)2.《古汉语通论》郑铁生编写河北教育出版社(第4-10章)2004还有相关的真题资料,你们借鉴就可以,是天津考研网主编的《2019年天津外国语大学英语语言文学专业英美文学方向考研真题复习宝典(真题+答案+视频解析,独家赠高分学长指导视频)》天津外国语大学基础英语+汉语2004-2017年考研试题+答案+解析,英语语言文学(英美文学方向)2007-2017年考研试题+答案+解析;提及二外科目考研试题和部分参考答案。
英语专业-英美文学试卷及答案-期末
英美文学试卷AI.Mark the following statements as true (T) or false (F).(10 x 1’=10’)1.( ) Chaucer is the first English short-story teller and the founder of English poetry as well as the founder of English realism.His masterpiece The Canterbury tales contains 26 stories.2.( ) English Renaissance is an age of essay and drama.3.( ) The rise of the modern novel is closely related to the rise of the middle class and an urbanlife.4.( ) The French Revolution and the American War of Independence were two big influencesthat brought about the English Romantic Movement.5.( ) Charlotte’s novels are all about lonely and neglected young women with a fierce longingfor life and love.Her novels are more or less based on her own experience and feelings and the life as she sees around.6.( ) The leading figures of the naturalism at the turn of 19th century are Thomas Hardy, John Galsworthy and Bernard Shaw.7.( ) Emily Dickinson is remembered as the “All American Writer”.8.( )The Civil War divides the American literature into romantic literature and realist literature.9.( ) Mark Twain is the first American writer to discover an American language and Americanconsciousness.10.( ) In the decade of the 1910s, American literature achieved a new diversity and reached itsgreatest heights.II.Fill in the blanks.(20 x 1’=20’)11.The most enduring shaping influence in American thought and American literature was ___________.12.The War of Independence lasted eight years till__________.13.Ralph Waldo Emerson's essay__________ has been regarded as "America's Declaration of Intellectual Independence". It called on American writers to write about America in a way peculiarly American.14.The American ___________ writers paid a great interest in the realities of life and described the integrity of human character reacting under various circumstances and pictured the pioneers of the Far West, the new immigrants and the struggles of the working class.The leading figures were ____________, ____________, ____________, ____________, etc.15.No period in American history is more eventful than that between the two world wars.The literary features of the time can be seen in the writings of those ________ writers as Ezra Pound, and the writers of the Lost Generation as ___________.16.Two features of English Renaissance are the curiosity for ___________ and the interest in the activities of _____________________.17.Shakespeare’s earliest great success in tragedy is ____________, a play of youth and love, with the famous balcony scene.18.There are three types of poets in 17th century English literature.They are Puritan poets, ___________ poets and ______________ poets.19.Pope’s An Essay on Criticism is a didactic poem written in ___________________.20.___________ has been regarded by some as “Father of the English Novel”for his contribution to the establishment of the form of the modern novel.21.“Beauty is truth, truth beauty”is an epigrammatic line by _______________.wrence’s most controversial novel is ___________, the best probably _________.III.Multiple choice.(20 x 1’=20’)23.Among the three major works by John Milton ________ is indeed the only generally acknowledged epic in English literature since Beowulf.A.Paradise RegainedB.Samson AgonistesC.LycidasD.Paradise Lost24. Francis Bacon’s essays are famous for their brevity, compactness and __________.plicityplexityC.powerfulnessdness25.As one of the greatest masters of English prose, _______ defined a good style as “proper words in proper places”.A.Henry FieldingB.Jonathan SwiftC.Samuel JohnsonD.Alexander Pope26.The Pilgrim’s Progress by John Bunyan is often said to be concerned with the search for _________.A.material wealthB.spiritual salvationC.universal truthD.self-fulfillment27.“It is a truth universally acknowledged that a single man in possession of a good fortune must be in want of a wife.”The quoted part is taken from _________.A.Jane EyreB.Wuthering HeightsC.Pride and PrejudiceD.Sense and Sensibility28.Which of the following poems is a landmark in English poetry?A.Lyrical Ballads by William Wordsworth and Samuel Taylor ColeridgeB.“I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud”by William WordsworthC.“Remorse”by Samuel Taylor ColeridgeD.Leaves of Grass by Walt Whitman29.The most distinguishing feature of Charles Dickens’works is his _________.A.simple vocabularyB.bitter and sharp criticismC.character-portrayalD.pictures of happiness30.“My Last Duchess”is a poem that best exemplifies Robert Browning’s ________.A.sensitive ear for the sounds of the English languageB.excellent choice of wordsC.mastering of the metrical devicese of the dramatic monologue31.________ is the most outstanding stream of consciousness novelist, with ______as hisencyclopedia-like masterpiece.A James Joyce, UlyssesB.E.M.Foster, A Passage to Indiawrence, Sons and loversD.Virginia Woolf, Mrs.Dalloway32.Which of the following comments on Charles Dickens is wrong?A.Dickens is one of the greatest critical realist writers of the Modern PeriodB.His serious intention is to expose and criticize all the poverty, injustice, hypocrisy andcorruptness he sees all around him.C.The later works show the development of Dickens towards a highly conscious artist of themodern type.D.A Tale of Two Cities is one of his late works.33._____was known as “the poets’poet”.A.William ShakespeareB.Edmund SpenserC.John DonneD.John Milton34.Which of the following poet belongs to the active Romantic poet?A.KeatsB.SoutheyC.WordsworthD.Coleridge35.______ is regarded today as the national epic of the Anglo-Saxons.A.BeowulfB.The Canterbury TalesC.Don JuanD.Paradise Lost36.___________ is the first modern American novel.A.Tom SawyerB.Huckleberry FinnC.The Sketch BookD.The Leatherstocking Tales37.Which of the following statements is NOT true of American Transcendentalism?A.It can be clearly defined as a part of American Romantic literary movement.B.It can be defined philosophically as “the recognition in man of the capacity of knowing truth intuitively”.C.Ralph Waldo Emerson was the chief advocate of this spiritual movement.D.It sprang from South America in the late l9th century.38.The theme of Washington Irving’s Rip Van Winkle is _________.A.the conflict of human psycheB.the fight against racial discriminationC.the familial conflictD.the nostalgia for the unrecoverable past39.The Nobel Prize Committee highly praised ________ for “his powerful style-forming mastery of the art”of creating modern diction.A.Ezra PoundB.Ernest HemingwayC.Robert FrostD.Theodore Dreiser40.Who exerts the single most important influence on literary naturalism?A.EmersonB.Jack LondonC.Theodore DreiserD.Darwin41.________ is NOT true in describing American naturalists.A.they were deeply influenced by DarwinismB.they were identified with French novelist and theorist Emile ZolaC.they chose their subjects for the lower ranks or societyD.they used more serious and more sympathetic tone in writing than realists42.Henry James’s fame generally rests upon his novels and stories with ________.A.international themeB.national themeC.European themeD.regional themeIV.Explain the following literary items.(4x 5’=20’)43.Spenserian Stanzake Poets45.Humanism46.BalladV.Questions.(3x 10’=30’)47.“Robinson Crusoe”is usually considered as Daniel Defoe’s masterpiece.Discuss why it became so successful when it was published?48.What is "Byronic hero"?49.Mark Twain and Henry James are two representatives of the realistic writers in American literature.How is Twain’s realism different form James’s realism?参考答案:I.Mark the following statements as true (T) or false (F).(本题共10空,每空1分,共10分)1-5: FFTTT 6-10: FFTTFII.Fill in the blanks.(本题共20小题, 每题1分, 共20分)11.(American) Puritanism12.178313.The American Scholar14.realistic; Mark Twain; Henry James; Jack London; Theodore Dreiser.15.Imagist; Hemingway.16.the classical literature; humanity.17.Romeo and Juliet18.Cavalier; Metaphysical19.heroic couplet20.Henry Fielding21.John Keatsdy Chatterley’s lover; The RainbowIV. Ex pla in the foll owi ng lite rar y ite ms.(本题4小题,每小题5分,共20分)43.Spenserian Stanza: it refers to a verse form created by Edmund Spenser for his poems.Each stanza has nine lines.Each of the first eight lines is in iambic pentameter, and the ninth line is an iambic hexameter line.The rhythm scheme is ababbcbccke Poets: it refers to those English romantic poets at the beginning of th e19th century, William Wordsworth, for example, who lived in the heart of the Lake District in the north-western part of England and enjoyed the experience of living close to nature, and these poets were the older generation of Romantic poets who had been deeply influenced by the French Revolution of 1789 and its effects.In their writings, they described the beautiful scenes and the country people of the area.45.Humanism refers to the literary culture in the Renaissance.Humanists emphasize the capacities of the human mind and the achievements of human culture.Humanism became the central theme of English Renaissance.Thomas More and William Shakespeare are the best representatives of the English humanists.46.Ballad: a story told in songs, usually in 4-line stanzas, with the second and fourth rhymed. V.Questions.(本题3小题,每小题10分,共30分)47.A: Robinson Crusoe is supposedly based on the real adventure of an Alexander Selkirk who once stayed alone on the uninhabited island for five year4s.Actually, the story is an imagination.B: In Robinson Crusoe, Defoe traces the growth of Robinson from a naïve and artless youth into a shrewd and hardened man, tempered by numerous trials in his eventful life.C.In the novel, Robinson is a real hero and he is an embodiment of the rising middle-class virtues in the mid-eighteenth century England.Robinson is a true empire-builder, a colonizer and a foreign trader, who has the courage and will to face hardships and who has determination to preserve himself and improve his livelihood by struggling against nature.D.Robinson Crusoe is an adventure story very much in the spirit of the time.Because of the above reasons, when it was published, people all liked that story, and it became an immediate success.48.Byronic hero is a proud, mysterious rebel figure of noble origin.With immense superiorityin his passions and powers, this Byronic hero would carry on his shoulders the burden of righting all the wrongs in a corrupt society, and would rise single-handedly against any kind of tyrannical rules wither in government, in religion, or in moral principles with unconquerable wills and inexhaustible energies.The conflict is usually one of rebellious individuals against outworn social systems and conventions.Such a hero appeared in many of his works, for example, "Don Juan".The figure is somewhat modeled on the life and personality of Byron himself, and makes Byron famous both at home and abroad.49.A.Mark Twain’s realism is tainted with local color, preferring to have his won region and people at the forefront of his stories.B.James’s realism is concerned with the “inner world”of man and the international theme.C.Twain’s language is simple and colloquial and he employs humor in his writing.D.James’s language is elaborate and refined with lengthy psychological analyses.。
2012年4月全国自考(英美文学选读)真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)
2012年4月全国自考(英美文学选读)真题试卷(题后含答案及解析) 题型有:1. 单项选择题 2. 阅读理解 3. 简答题 4. 论述题单项选择题1.Antonio,Bassanio and Portia are the characters in ( )A.The Merchant of VeniceB.Much Ado About NothingC.Twelfth NightD.A Midsummer Night’s Dream正确答案:A2.John Milton wrote to expose the ways of Satan and to “justify the ways of God to men. “ ( )A.Paradise RegainedB.Paradise LostC.Samson AgonistesD.Areopagitica正确答案:B3.The work______written by Daniel Defoe brought him into jail and made him go through public pillory. ( )A.The Shortest Way with the DissentersB.The True-horn EnglishmanC.Robinson CrusoeD.A Journal of the Plague Year正确答案:A4.In the first part of Gulliver’s Travels,Gulliver told his experience in ( )A.BrobdingnagB.LilliputC.Flying IslandD.Houyhnhnm正确答案:B5.For his contribution to the establishment of the form of the modern novel,______has been regarded by some as “Father of the English Novell ( ) A.Daniel DefoeB.Jonathan SwiftC.Henry FieldingD.Charles Dickens正确答案:C6.William Blake’s was composed during the climax of the French Revolution and it plays the double role both as a satire and a revolutionary prophecy. ( ) A.Songs of ExperienceB.Songs of InnocenceC.Marriage of Heaven and HellD.Poetical Sketches正确答案:C7.______maintained that the scenes and events of everyday life and the speech of ordinary people were the raw material of which poetry could and should be made. ( )A.William BlakeB.William WordsworthC.T. S. EliotD.William Shakespeare正确答案:B8.Prometheus, the hero in Shelly’s poetic drama Prometheus Unbound, is a figure in ( )A.The BibleB.Greek MythologyC.A German LegendD.Arabian Nights正确答案:B9.Jane Austen’s first novel is ( )A.Pride and PrejudiceB.Sense and SensibilityC.EmmaD.Persuasion正确答案:B10.All of the following statements are true of Dickens’later works EXCEPT______. ( )A.There are fewer jokes and the comedy becomes harsher.B.There is always a happy ending.C.The novels are of great compactness and concentration.D.Most of the works present a criticism of the more complicated and yet most fundamental social institutions and morals of Victorian England.正确答案:B11.Charlotte Bronte’s most autobiographical work, is largely based on her experience in Brussels. ( )A.Jane EyreB.ShirleyC.VilletteD.The Professor正确答案:C12.All of the following novels by Thomas Hardy reveal the conflict between the traditional and the modern EXCEPT ( )A.The Mayor of CasterbridgeB.Tess of the D ‘UrbervillesC.Jude the ObscureD.Under the Greenwood Tree正确答案:D13.Much of Shavian drama is Constructed around the of a conventional theatrical situation. ( )A.traditionB.inversionC.borderingD.distortion正确答案:B14.As an important prose writer, in his famous essay, Tradition and Individual Talent, Eliot put great emphasis on the importance of both in creative writing and in criticism. ( )A.changeB.creativityC.ethicD.tradition正确答案:D15. wrence’s novel is a remarkable novel in which the individual consciousness is subtly revealed and strands of themes are intricately wound up. ( ) A.Sons and LoversB.The RainbowC.Women in LoveD.Lady Chatterley’s Lover正确答案:C16.All of the following plays are among Shakespeare’s four greated tragedies EXCEPT . ( )A.HamletB.MacbethC.Romio and JulietD.Othello正确答案:C17.The work______shows how mankind, in the person of Christ .withstands the tempter and is established once more in the divine favor. ( )A.Paradise RegainedB.Paradise LostC.Samson AgonistesD.Areopagitica正确答案:A18.As one of the greatest masters of English prose, defined a good style as “proper words in proper places. “ ( )A.Henry FieldingB.Jonathan SwiftC.Daniel DefoeD.William Blake正确答案:B19.Dickens’ best depicted characters are those innocent, virtuous, persecuted and helpless . . ( )A.child charactersB.femalesC.labororsD.farmers20.The author of the work The Return of the Native is ______. ( )A.Thomas HardyB.D.H. LawrenceC.Charles DickensD.George Bernard Shaw正确答案:A21.“The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock”,Eliot’s most striking early achievement,presents the meditation of an aging young man over the business of ( ) A.proposing marriageB.pursuing the truthC.losing idealismD.making a choice正确答案:A22.D.H. Lawrence’s two novels, and Women in Love, are generally regarded as his masterpieces. ( )A.Sons and LoversB.The RainbowC.KangarooD.Lady Chatterley’s Lover正确答案:B23.Hemingway’s To Have and Have Not is one of many to show his characteristics pattern of ______ struggling against nature and the environment. ( ) A.a military armyB.a vulnerable groupC.a human societyD.a lonely individual正确答案:D24.According to Hawthorne, there is evil in every human heart, which may remain latent, perhaps, through the whole life; but may rouse it to activity. ( ) A.musicB.circumstancesC.memoryD.love25.______is best-known as the author of his mighty book, Moby Dick , which is one of the world’s greatest masterpieces. ( )A.Herman MelvilleB.Mark Twain .C.Ernest HemingwayD.Virginia Woolf正确答案:A26.Walt Whitman is a poet with a strong sense of mission,having devoted all his life to the creation of the “ single” poem, ______. ( )A.Innocents AbroadB.The Lost ParadiseC.Leaves of GrassD.The Waste Land正确答案:C27.While Mark Twain and Howells seemed to have paid more attention to the”life” of the Americans, Henry James had apparently laid a greater emphasis on the “______”of man. ( )A.outer worldB.inner worldC.physical worldD.domestic world正确答案:B28.Greatly and permanently affected by the ______, Hemingway formed his own writing style, together with his theme and hero. ( )A.War experiencesB.love experiencesC.marriageD.education正确答案:A29.Emily Dickinson’s poetry is unique and ______ in its own way. For example,her poems have no titles. ( )A.traditionalB.unconventionalC.ordinary正确答案:B30.Theodore Dreiser entitled his greatest work with______intending to tell us that it is the social pressure that makes Clyde’s downfall inevitable. ( ) A.Death in the WoodsB.Tender Is the NightC.The Sound and the FuryD.An American Tragedy正确答案:D31.Robert Lee Frost’s won him the first Pulitzer Prizes, which includes”Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening. “ ( )A.North BostonB.The Gift OutrigthtC.New HampshireD.A Boy’s Will正确答案:C32.Fitzgerald is a great in American literature and his style is closely related to his themes. ( )A.poetB.criticC.essayistD.stylist正确答案:D33.It is Henry James’ movels and his______that make him a fascinating case in the American literary history and a conspicuous figure in world literature. ( ) A.literary essaysB.travel accountsC.poemsD.plays正确答案:A34.The major concern of Faulkner’s is primarily about the South as a state of mind. ( )A.The Sun Also RisesB.Light in AugustD.The Mansion正确答案:B35.Compelled by an unceasing interest in the “interior of the heart” of man’s being, Hawthorne discusses in almost every book he wrote. ( )A.love and hatredB.sin and evilC.frustration and self-denialD.balance and self-discipline正确答案:B36.The purpose of Melville’s fictional tales, exotic or philosophical, is to penetrate as deeply as possible into the metaphysical, theological, moral, psychological, and social truths of ( )A.human existenceB.politicsC.religionD.arts正确答案:A37.According to Whitman, poetry could enable Americans to celebrate their release from the Old World and the rule. ( )A.academicB.officialC.colonialD.legislative正确答案:C38.Being a boy’s book specially written for the adults, is Mark Twain’s most representative work, describing a journey down the Mississippi undertaken by Huck and Jim. ( )A.Innocents AbroadB.The Gilded AgeC.Life on the MississippiD.Adventures of Huckleberry Finn正确答案:D39.One of Henry James’literary techniques innovated to cater for thepsychological emphasis is his . ( )A.narrative “point of view”B.rhetorical devicesC.way of using metaphorsD.way of using symbols正确答案:A40.More than five hundred poems Emily Dickenson wrote are about nature,in which her general ______ about the relationship between man and nature is well-expressed. ( )A.skepticismB.beliefC.appreciationD.passion正确答案:A阅读理解41.Into this fence or fortress, with infinite labour,I carry’d all my riches, all my provisions, ammunition, and stores, of which you have the account above;and I made me a large tent,which,to preserve me from the rains that in one part of the year are very violent there, I made double, viz. one smaller tent within, and one larger tent above it, and covered the uppermost with a large tarpaulin which I had saved among the sails.Questions:A. Identify the author and the title of the novel from which this passage is taken.B. Who is the narrator?C. What are the narrator’s characteristics and whom does he represent?正确答案:A. From Daniel Defoe’s Robinson Crusoe.B. Robinson Crusoe.C. Robinson is a typical 18th century English middle class man, with a great capacity for work, inexhaustible energy, courage, patience and persistence in overcoming obstacles, in struggling against the hostile natural environment. He is the very prototype of the empire builder, the pioneer colonist.42.MRS. WARREN, [after looking at her helplessly, begins to whimper] Vi vieVIVIE. [springing up sharply] Now pray dont begin to cry. Anything but that. I really cannot stand whimpering. I will go out of the room if you do.MRS. WARREN. [piteously]Oh, my darling, how can you be so hard on me? Have I no rights over you as your mother?VIVIE. Are you my mother?MRS. WARREN, [appalled]Am I your mother! Oh, Vivie!ViVIE. Then where are our relatives? my father? our family friends? You claim the rights of a mother: the right to call me fool and child; to speak to me as no woman in authority over me at college dare speak to me;to dictate my way of life;and to force on me the acquaintance of a brute whom anyone can see to be themost vicious sort of London man about town. Before I give myself the trouble to resist such claims, I may as well find out whether they have any real existence. Questions:A. Identify the author and the title of the play from which the part is taken.B. Summarize the theme of the play in one or two sentences.C. What kind of person is the protagonist Vivie?正确答案:A. George Bernard Shaw,Mrs. Warren’s profession.B. The play is about the economic oppression of women.C. Vivie is a kind of new woman, intelligent and well educated, with a strong sense of injustice and a passion for “honest” work.43.I celebrate myself,and sing myself. And what I assume you shall assume,For every atom belonging to me as good belongs to you. Questions:A. Identify the poet and the title of the poem from which the stanza is taken.B. What does the word”you”refer to?C. What does the poet express in the stanza?正确答案:A. From Walt Whitman’s “Song of Myself”.B. The democratic “en-masse” of America.C. The genuine participation of a poet in a common cultural was to behave as a supreme individualist; however, the poet’s essential purpose was to identify his ego with the world, and with the democratic “enmasse”of America.44.We slowly drove—He knew no haste, And I had put awayMy labor and my leisure too,Tor His Civility—We passed the School,where Children stroveAt Recess —in the Ring—We passed the Fields of Gazing Grain—We passed the Setting Sun —Questions:A. Identify the poet and the title of the poem from which the above stanzas are taken.B. What figure of speech is used in Line 1 and Line 4?C. What do”the School”, “the Fields of Gazing Grain”and “the Setting Sun” represent?正确答案:A. From Emily Dickinson’s “Because I could not stop for Death--”.B. Personification.C. They represent three stages of life: “the School”—youth; “the Fields of Gazing”—mature period;”the Setting Sun”—end of life.简答题45.What is the theme of Jane Austen’ Pride and Prejudice’!正确答案:Pride and Prejudice ,originally drafted as “First Impressions”in 1796,is the most delightful of Jane Austen’s works. The title tells of a major concern of the novel:pride and prejudice.46.What does the poem”The Chimney Sweeper (from Songs of Experience)”reveal?正确答案:The two “Chimney Sweeper” poems are good examples to reveal therealtion between an economic circtmatance, i. e. the exploitation of child labor,and an ideological circumstance, i. e. the role played by religion in making people compliant to exploitation. The poem from the Songs of Experience reveals the true nature of religion which helps bring misery to the poor children.47.What is “Hemingway Code Heroes”?正确答案:Hemingway’s world is limited. He deals with a limited range of characters in quite similar circumstances and measures them against an unvarying code, known as “grace under pressure”, which is actually an attitude towards life that Hemingway had been trying to demonstrate is his works. Those who survive in the process of seeking to master the code with the honesty, the discipline, and the restraint are Hemingway Code Heroes.48.Give a brief analysis of Emily Grierson, the protagonist of A Rose for Emily by Eaulkner.正确答案:Set in the town of Jefferson in Yoknapatawpa,the story focuses on Emily Grierson,an eccentric spinster who refuses to accept the passage of time,or the inevitable charge and loss that accompanied it. As a descendent of the Southern aristocracy, Emily is typical of those in Faulkner’s. Yoknapatwapha stories who are the symbols of the Old South but the prisoners of the past.论述题49.Discuss briefly Thomas Hardy’s literary achievement in terms of the setting,the literary tendency and literary features.正确答案:A. Hardy’s novels are all Victorian in date. Most of them are set in Wessex,the fictional primitive and crude rural region which is really the home place he both loves and hates, such as The Return of the Native ,Tess of the D’Urbervilles and Jude the Obscure. These works,known as “novels of character and environment,”are the most representative of him as both a naturalistic and a critical realist writer. B. Living at the turn of the century, Hardy is often regarded as a transitional writer. In him we see the influence from both the past and the modern, the pessimistic view of life predominates most of Hardy’s later works and earns him a reputation as a naturalistic writer. Though Naturalism seems to have played an important part in Hardy’s works,there is also bister and sharp criticism and even open challenge of the irrational, hypocritical and unfair Victorian institutions,conventions and morals.C. He tells very good stories and he is a great painter of nature. His heroes and heroines,those unfortunate young men and women in their desperate struggle for personal fulfillment and happiness,are all vividly and realistically depicted. And all the works of Hardy are noted for the rustic dialect and a poetic flavor which fits well into their perfectly designed architectural structures. They are the product of aconscientious artist.50.Comment briefly on Robert Frost’s nature poetry.正确答案:A. Unlike his contemporaries in the early 20th century,Robert Frost did not break up with the poetic tradition nor made any experiment on form. Instead, he learned from the tradition, especially the familiar conventions of nature poetry and of classical pastoral poetry, and made the colloquial New England speech into a poetic expression. B. Many of his poems are fragrant with natural quality. Images and metaphors in his poems are drawn from the simple country life and the pastoral landscape that can be easily understood. But it would be a mistake to imagine that Frost is easy to understand because it is easy to read.C. Profound ideas are delivered under the disguise of the plain language and the simple form,for what Frost did is to take symbols from the limited human world and the pastoral landscape to refer to the great world beyond the rustic scene.D. These thematic concerns include the terror and tragedy in nature, as well as its beauty,and the loneliness and poverty of the isolated human being. But first and foremost Frost is concerned with his love of life and his belief in a serenity that only came from working usefully, while he practiced himself throughout his life.。
2012年天津外国语大学英语专业(语言学)真题试卷.doc
2012年天津外国语大学英语专业(语言学)真题试卷(总分:116.00,做题时间:90分钟)一、单项选择题(总题数:20,分数:40.00)1.______has been widely accepted as the father of modern linguistics.(分数:2.00)A.ChomskyB.SaussureC.BloomfieldD.Halliday2.A language user"s underlying knowledge about the system of rules is called his linguistic______.(分数:2.00)prehensionB.performanceC.perceptionpetence3."I can refer to Confucius or the North Pole, even though the first has been dead over 2,550 years and the second is situated far away from us. " This shows that language has the design feature of______.(分数:2.00)A.displacementB.creativityC.dualityD.arbitrariness4.The distinction between competence and performance was put forward by ______.(分数:2.00)A.BloomfieldB.SaussureC.ChomskyD.Halliday5.Which of the following terms is not a concept in Psycholinguistics?(分数:2.00)A.Processing utterances.B.Producing utterances.nguage acquisition.ponential analysis.6.The study of sounds is divided into three main areas, each dealing with one part of the process. ______ is concerned with the perception of speech sounds.(分数:2.00)A.Articulatory phoneticsB.Auditory phoneticsC.Phonological processD.Acoustic phonetics7.Which of the following statements is true?(分数:2.00)rynx is what we sometimes call "Adam"s apple".B.The International Phonetic Alphabet uses narrow transcription.C.There are two nasal consonants in English.D.It is sounds by which we make communicative meaning.8.______ are a set of vowel qualities arbitrarily defined, fixed and unchanging, intended to provide a frame of reference for the description of the actual vowels of existing languages.(分数:2.00)A.DiphthongsB.Pure VowelsC.Cardinal VowelsD.Vowel Glides9.The sounds, which are produced by a closure in the vocal tract or by a narrowing which is so marked that air cannot escape without producing audible friction, are known as______.(分数:2.00)A.consonantsB.places of articulationC.vowelsD.manners of articulation10.Which of the following is the correct description of the English consonant[z]?(分数:2.00)A.Voiceless alveolar affricate.B.Voiceless bilabial nasal.C.Voiced alveolar stop.D.Voiced alveolar fricative.11.Which is the correct description of the English vowel[i:]?(分数:2.00)A.High front tense unrounded vowel.B.High back lax rounded vowel.C.Mid central lax unrounded vowel.D.Low back lax rounded vowel.12.The word ______ simply refers to a "unit of explicit sound contrast" : the existence of a minimal pair automatically grants phonemic status to the sounds responsible for the contrasts.(分数:2.00)A.allophoneB.phonemeC.soundD.syllable13.______ is the smallest unit of language in regard to the relationship between sounding and meaning, a unit that cannot be divided into further smaller units without destroying or drastically altering the meaning.(分数:2.00)A.AllomorphB.WordC.MorphemeD.Root14.______is the collective term for the type of morpheme that can be used only when added to another morpheme.(分数:2.00)A.AffixB.SuffixC.StemD.Prefix15.By the relation of______one means that different sets of clauses may permit of require the occurrence of a word of another set or class to form a sentence or a particular part of a sentence.(分数:2.00)A.substitutabilityB.positionC.co-occurrenceD.coordination16.______refers to a major constituent of sentence structure in a binary analysis in which all obligatory constituents other than the subject were considered together.(分数:2.00)A.SubjectB.PredicateC.Objectplement17.______refer to those words that are used before the noun acting as head of a noun group, and that determine the kind of reference the nominal group has.(分数:2.00)A.ParticlesB.AuxiliariesC.Pro-formsD.Determiners18.Which of the following is under the category of "Open Class"?(分数:2.00)A.Nouns.B.Conjunctions.C.Determiners.D.Prepositions19.______is the name for oppositeness relation, which includes three main sub-types.(分数:2.00)A.HyponymyB.Antony myC.PolysemyD.Synonymy20.The theory of meaning which relates the meaning of a word to the thing it refers to or stands for is known as the ______.(分数:2.00)A.An Integrated TheoryB.Speech Act TheoryC.The Classical TheoryD.The Referential Theory二、填空题(总题数:30,分数:60.00)21. 1 studies the relationship between language and thought, and a perennial subject of debate being whether language is a function of thinking or thought.(分数:2.00)填空项1:__________________22.Hymes" theory of 1was introduced into the field of language teaching, which encourages teacher to pay more attention to the question of how to train their students as active and successful language users in a real language context.(分数:2.00)填空项1:__________________23.As one of the central topics in psycholinguistics, 1 concerns how a child acquires the language skills and how they extend to other languages.(分数:2.00)填空项1:__________________24.According to Langacker, 1 is the ability to conceive and portray the same situation in alternate ways through specificity, different mental scanning, directionality, vantage point,figure-ground segregation, etc.(分数:2.00)填空项1:__________________25.In cognitive linguistics, 1 is the process of classifying our experiences into different categories based on commonalities and differences.(分数:2.00)填空项1:__________________26.Many prepositions, such as "in" , "into" , exemplify a 1 schema, which involves a physical of metaphorical boundary, enclosed area or volume, or excluded area or volume.(分数:2.00)填空项1:__________________27.ARGUMENT IS WAR is a 1metaphor, in which the concept of argument is structured systematically in terms of another.(分数:2.00)填空项1:__________________28.In the cognitive literature, 1 is defined as a cognitive process in which the vehicle provides mental access to the target within the same domain.(分数:2.00)填空项1:__________________29. 1 theory is proposed by Fauconnier and Turner to address the cognitive operation whereby elements of two or more "mental spaces" are integrated via projecting into a new, blended space which has its unique structure.(分数:2.00)填空项1:__________________30.Hymes points out that a 1 refers to a group of people who "share not only the same rules of speaking, but at least one linguistic variety as well".(分数:2.00)填空项1:__________________31.The 1 hypothesis suggests that our language helps mould our way of thinking and consequently, different languages may probably express the speaker"s unique ways of understanding of the world.(分数:2.00)填空项1:__________________32.An anthropological orientation in the study of language was developed both in England and in North America at the start of the 20th century. Bronislaw Malinowski and 1 was regarded as the pioneers of this movement in England.(分数:2.00)填空项1:__________________33. 1 linguistics addresses the structuring within language of such basic conceptual categories as those of space and time, scenes and event, entities and processes, motion and location, and force and causation.(分数:2.00)填空项1:__________________34.As one of the six subjects of research within psycholinguistics, 1 concerns how the cognitive architecture of language and language processing is implemented in the human brain.(分数:2.00)填空项1:__________________35.Sociolinguists expand the scope of their observation on language by introducing some major social factors, including class, 1, age, ethnic identity, education background, occupation and religious belief.(分数:2.00)填空项1:__________________36.John Langshaw Austin began to give lectures on Speech Act Theory in 195In 1955 , when delivering the William James lectures, he revised the notes and changed the title from Words and Deeds to 1, which was published posthumously in 1962.(分数:2.00)填空项1:__________________37.According to Austin, though 1 cannot be true or false, there are still conditions for them to meet to be appropriate or felicitous.(分数:2.00)填空项1:__________________38.The Felicity Conditions suggest that there must be a relevant conventional procedure, and the relevant 1 must be appropriate.(分数:2.00)填空项1:__________________39.Through the Williams James lectures Grice delivered at Harvard in 1967, the theory of Conversational Implicature became known to the public. Part of the lectures was published in 1975 under the title of 1.(分数:2.00)填空项1:__________________40.The characteristics of implicative can be summarized as calculability, cancellability, 1 and non-conventionality.(分数:2.00)填空项1:__________________41.Sperber and Wilson argue that all Gricean maxims, including the CP itself, should be reduced to a single principle of relevance, which is defined as: every act of 1 communicates the presumption of its own optional relevance.(分数:2.00)填空项1:__________________42.According to Sperber and Wilson, "of all the interpretations of the stimulus which confirm the presumption, it is 1 to occur to the addressee that is the one the communicator intended to convey".(分数:2.00)填空项1:__________________43.In the field of language use, Zipf recognized two competing forces: the force of 1, or speaker"s economy, and the force of diversification, or hearer"s economy.(分数:2.00)填空项1:__________________44.Horn found that Q-based implicatures can be readily cancelled by 1 which does not affect what is said, but R-based implicatures cannot.(分数:2.00)填空项1:__________________45.A popular term in Stylistics, 1, defined by Leech and Short as "artistically motivated deviation" involves all levels of language; vocabulary, sound, syntax, meaning, graphology, etc.(分数:2.00)填空项1:__________________46.Where two syllables have the same initial and final consonants, but different vowels, they are 1.(分数:2.00)填空项1:__________________47.A/An 1 foot consists of three syllables; two unstressed syllables are followed by a stressed one.(分数:2.00)填空项1:__________________48.On the speech presentation cline, the one comes between Direct Speech and Indirect Speech is 1.(分数:2.00)填空项1:__________________49.The term 1was originally coined by William James to describe the free association of ideas and impressions in the mind, and later was applied to the novelistic portrayal of the free flow of thought.(分数:2.00)填空项1:__________________50. 1is the term used in linguistics to describe the relationship between a particular style of language and its context of use.(分数:2.00)填空项1:__________________三、写作题(总题数:8,分数:16.00)51.Choose four of the following questions for Essay Discussion. Write the number of the question and your essay on the ANSWER SHEET. There is no doubt that linguistic science today, like other parts of human knowledge, is the product of its past and matrix of its future(R. H. Robins, 1997). Discuss the progress with shifts among different approaches to language chronologically from antiquity up to the present.(分数:2.00)__________________________________________________________________________________________ 52.Philosophical presuppositions in terms of "arbitrariness" versus motivation, "autonomy" versus embodiment are still under debates in the field of modern linguistic studies. Comment on the debates and provide your argument for or against these theories.(分数:2.00)__________________________________________________________________________________________ 53.The linguists of comparative and historical linguistics, structural linguistics and transformational-generative linguistics all regarded their theories as "science". What do you think?(分数:2.00)__________________________________________________________________________________________54.The contrast between empiricism and rationalism runs through the history of linguistic thought in various manifestations. Rationalism allows for rational thought to process ideas. Empiricism says that only the data is relevant to ideas. Discuss and provide your argument for and against each of these presuppositions.(分数:2.00)__________________________________________________________________________________________ 55.Noam Chomsky is a leading linguistic scientist and his Syntactic Structures outlined his theories of transformational generative grammar, which made him a prominent and controversial figure in the field. Discuss his TG grammar and comment on the innateness hypothesis.(分数:2.00)__________________________________________________________________________________________ 56.There is a variety of possible relationships between language and society. The first one is that social structure may either influence or determine linguistic structure and/or behavior;a second possible relationship is directly opposed to the first: linguistic structure and/or behavior may either influence or determine social structure; a third possible relationship is that the influence is bi-directional; language and society may influence each other; a fourth possibility is to assume that there is no relationship at all between linguistic structure and social structure and that each is independent of the other. Discuss and provide evidence for and against the "no relationship" position.(分数:2.00)__________________________________________________________________________________________ 57.Cognitive Linguistics has been advancing now in the US and in Europe for three decades. Chinese scholars have already taken up these stimulating ideas and carried them forward within their own traditions of linguistic research. Make a list of famous cognitive linguists and comments on their contributions to the area of cognitive linguistic research.(分数:2.00)__________________________________________________________________________________________ 58.Austin puts forward the speech act theory. What does he mean by "speech act"? He uses the term "locution" for the actual form of words used by the speaker and their semantic meaning, and illocution for what the speaker is doing by uttering the words. If a person says "The gun is loaded" , what might be the illocutionary force? Or say, what might be the possible intention of the speaker? Provide the contexts for your interpretation.(分数:2.00)__________________________________________________________________________________________。
2012年天津外国语大学英语专业(英美文学)真题试卷.doc
2012年天津外国语大学英语专业(英美文学)真题试卷.doc2012年天津外国语大学英语专业(英美文学)真题试卷(总分:42.00,做题时间:90分钟)一、填空题(总题数:17,分数:34.00)1. 1by 2records the history of modern civilization advancing on the receding wilderness, and its basic conflict is between the protagonist who insists on man"s old forest freedom and the judge who believes that man remains savage without law and order.(分数:2.00)填空项1:__________________2."To speak truly, few adult persons can see nature. Most persons do not see the sun. At least they have a very superficial seeing. The sun illuminates only the eye of the man, but shines into the eye and the heart of the 1. " These lines are taken from Nature by 2.(分数:2.00)填空项1:__________________3.Isabel Archer, who comes to Europe with a will to live a free life only to become the victim of two American expatriates" scheming, is the protagonist of 1by 2.(分数:2.00)填空项1:__________________4.In 1, Stephen Crane has 2as the historical setting to faithfully represent the cowardice and fear of the protagonist who tries to flee from the combat.(分数:2.00)填空项1:__________________5."The Burial of the Dead," "A Game of Chess," "The Fire Sermon," " Death by Water," and "What the Thunder Said" compose the five parts of the poem 1.(分数:2.00)填空项1:__________________6. 1"s play 2successfully portrays the Wingfields as a family of escapists who are indulged in their own illusory worlds.(分数:2.00)填空项1:__________________7.Most of 1"s heroes are Jewish intellectuals or writers who, facing violence and victimization, try to discover "the queerness of existence" and overcome it.(分数:2.00)填空项1:__________________8.In 1, the unnamed African American who is trapped in a coal-filled manhole recalls his past experiences from a small southern town to New York.(分数:2.00)填空项1:__________________9. 1is regarded by many critics as the earliest narrative poem in the history of British literature.(分数:2.00)填空项1:__________________10.John Bunyan is an English novelist of the 17th century. The main narrative technique he uses in his famous work The Pilgrim"s Progress is 1.(分数:2.00)填空项1:__________________11.In the 18th century, heroic couplet as a poetic medium reached its perfection in the hands of(分数:2.00)填空项1:__________________12.In 1"s 2, the protagonist begins as a man of integrity anda pillar of his countiy, but ends with a tragic vision of human existence, voicing that " Life is a tale told by an idiot, full of sound and fury, signifying nothing. "(分数:2.00)填空项1:__________________13.The poem 1 by Samuel Taylor Coleridge literally relates how a king commands a palace to be built, but thematically suggests that a great poet has to touch hell and the unconsciousin order to see into the essence of things and compose great poetry.(分数:2.00)填空项1:__________________14. 1by 2 traces the growth of young Pip from innocence to experience and from immaturity to maturity.(分数:2.00)填空项1:__________________15.In "My Last Duchess," Robert Browning employs 1as the poetic form to have the speaker reveal his inner psychology.(分数:2.00)填空项1:__________________16.The three major characters in 1"s masterpiece 2represent three different human archetypes in education, taste, and attitude toward life, with Stephen Dedalus the most cultured, Leopold Bloom in the middle of the social and educational ladder, and Molly settling comfortably at the bottom.(分数:2.00)填空项1:__________________17. 1is an example of paradox.(分数:2.00)填空项1:__________________二、分析题(总题数:4,分数:8.00)18.By Aristotle"s definition of tragedy, a tragic character suffers the change of fortune from good to bad, order to disorder, and this change is a result not of vice but of some great error or frailty in character. Analyze the tragic flaw of a character in American or British literature.(分数:2.00)________________________________________________________________ __________________________ 19.As a theorist of short story, Edgar Allan Poe proposes that the first sentence should help bring out the single effect of the story. Explain what is the single effect of "The Fall of the House of Usher" and how it is achieved through the beginning sentence.(分数:2.00)________________________________________________________________ __________________________ 20.Define and illustrate what the omniscient point of view is with reference to one novel by Jane Austen or Charles Dickens.(分数:2.00)________________________________________________________________ __________________________ 21.Writers or poets are often lumped together as a group for the same artistic assertion they share or the same significant social event(s)they are influenced by. The Lost Generation is a particular term referring to the writers and artists who spoke for the young people that came of age during and shortly after the First World War, alternatively known as the World War I generation. Please describe the characteristics of " The Lost Generation" with references to writers and literary works.(分数:2.00)________________________________________________________________ __________________________。
2012天津英语高考完型真题
完型填空2010.天津Robert Moody, 52, is an experienced police officer. Much of his work involves dealing with16 and gang (团伙)problems in the schools of his community. Knowing that many kids often17 trouble, he decided to do something about it. So in 1991 he began to invite small groups of kids to go fishing with him on his day 18 .Those fun trips had a(n) 19 impact. A chance encounter in 2000 proved that. One day, 20 working security at a school basketball game, Moody noticed two young guys 21 .He sensed trouble between them. 22 one of them headed toward Moody and gave him a hug. “I 23 you. You took me 24 when I was in fifth grade. That was one of the 25 days of my life.”Deeply touched by the boy’s word, Moody decided to create a foundation(基金会)that 26 teenagers to the basics of fishing in camping programs. “As a policeman, I saw27 there was violence, drugs were always behind it. They have a damaging 28 on the kids,” says Moody.By turning kids on to fishing, he 29 to present an alternative way of life, “When you’re sitting there waiting for a 30 ,”he says, “you can’t help but talk to each other, and such31 can be pretty deep.”“Talking about drugs helped prepare me for the peer(同龄人)pressures in high school,” says Michelle, 17 who 32 the first program. “And I was able to help my little brother33 drugs.”Moody faces 34 in three years, when he hopes to run the foundation full-time.”I’m living a happy life and I have a responsibility to my 35 to give back,” Moody says.” If I teach a kid to fish today, he can teach his brother to fish tomorrow.”16. A. drinking B.drug C.security D.smoking17. A. ran into B.got over C.left behind D.looked into18. A.ahead B.away C.off D.out19. A.immediate B.damaging C.limited D.lasting20. A.once B.while C.since D.until21. A.quarreling B.complaining C.talking D.cheering22. A.Slowly B.Suddenly C.Finally D.Secretly23. A.understand B.hear C. see D.remember24. A.fishing B.sailing C.boating D. swimming.25. A.quietest B.longest C.best D.busiest26. A.connects B.introduces C.reduces D.commits27. A.where B.unless C.as D.whether28. A.impression B.burden C.decision D.impact29. A.asked B.intended C.pretended D.agreed30. A.solution B.change C.bite D.surprise31. A.concerns B.interests C.conversations D.emotions32. A. participated in B. worked out C. approved of D. made up33. A. misuse B. avoid C. tolerate D. test34. A. unemployment B. challenge C. competition D. retirement35. A. team B. school C. family D. community2012. 天津I fell in love with Yosemite National Park the first time I saw it, when I was 13. My parents took us there for camping. On the way out, I asked them to wait while I ran up to E1 Captain, a __16__ rock of 3,300 feet straight up. I touched that giant rock and knew __17__ I wanted to climb it. That has been my life’s passion (钟爱) ever since ---__18__ the rocks and mountains of Yosemite. I’ve long made Yosemite my __19__.About 15 years ago I started seeing a lot of __20__, like toilet paper, beer cans, and empty boxes, around the area. It’s __21__ me why visitors started respecting the place __22__ and treated such a beautiful home-like place this way.I tried __23__trash (垃圾) myself, but the job was too big. I would __24__an hour or two on the job, only to find the area trashed all over again weeks later. Finally, I got so __25__ it that I decided something had to change.As a rock-climbing guide, I knew __26__about organizing any big event. But in 2004, together with some climbers, I set a date for a __27__. On that day, more than 300 people __28__. Over three days we collected about 6,000 pounds of trash. It was amazing how much we were able to __29__. I couldn’t believe the __30__ we made--- the park looked clean!Each year volunteers come for the cleanup from everywhere. In 2007 alone, 2,945 people picked up 42,330 pounds of trash and __31__132 miles of roadway.I often hear people __32__ about their surroundings. If you are one of them, I would say the only way to change things is by __33__ rather than complaining. We need to teach by __34__. You can’t blame others __35__ you start with yourself.16. A. distant B. huge C. narrow D. loose17. A. immediately B. finally C. gradually D. recently18. A. imagining B. painting C. describing D. climbing19. A. garden B. home C. lab D. palace20. A. material B. resources C. waste D. goods21. A. beyond B. against C. over D. within22. A. more B. most C. less D. least23. A. throwing away B. picking up C. breaking down D. digging out24. A. kill B. save C. wait D. spend25. A. satisfied with B. delighted in C. tired of D. used to26. A. something B. anything C. everything D. nothing27. A. cleanup B. party C. picnic D. concert28. A. dropped out B. showed up C. looked around D. called back29. A. demand B. receive C. accomplish D. overcome30. A. plan B. visit B. contact D. difference31. A. crossed B. measured C. covered D. designed32. A. talk B. complain C. argue D. quarrel33. A. doing B. thinking C. questioning D. watching34. A. method B. explaining C. example D. research35. A. although B. if C. when D. unless2011.天津A Love Note to My MomWhen I was a little girl, I would often accompany you as you modeled for fashion photographers. It was years later that I finally understood what role modeling_16__in your life. Little did I know you were __17__every penny you earned to go to __18__ school.I cannot thank you enough for __19__you told me one autumn afternoon when I was nine. After finishing my homework, I wandered into the dinning room where you were doing what I do—memorizing textbooks and studying for __22__? When you said you were in law school, I was more puzzled. I didn’t know Moms __23__ be lawyers too. You smiled and said, “In life, you can do anything you want to do.”As young as I was, that statement kept __24__ in my ears. I watched as you faced the __25__of completing your studies, starting companies with Dad, while still being a __26__ and a Mom of five kids. I was exhausted just watching you __27__. With your words of wisdom in my __28__mind, I suddenly felt unlimited freedom to dream. My whole world __29__. I set out to live my life filled with __30__, seeing endless possibilities for personal and professionalachievements.Yours words became my motto. I __31__ found myself in the unique position of being either the first (woman doctor in Maryland Rotary)__32__one of the few women (chief medical reporters) in my field. I gained strength every time I said, “Yes, I’ll try that.”Encouraged by your __33__, I have forged ahead (毅然前行) with my life’s journey, less afraid to make mistakes, and __34__ meeting each challenge. You did it, and now I’m __34__it. Sorry, got to run. So much to do, so many dreams to live.16. A. found B. played C. kept D. provided17. A. saving B. making C. donating D. receiving18. A. business B. fashion C. law D. medical19. A. what B. that C. which D. where20. A. at B. to C. upon D. under21. A. amused B. worried C. puzzled D. disappointed22. A. roles B. tests C. positions D. shows23. A. must B. ought to C. need D. could24. A. ringing B. blowing C. falling D. beating25. A. choices B. chances C. challenges D. changes26. A. professor B. doctor C. reporter D. model27. A. in danger B. in action C. in trouble D. in charge28. A. weak B. powerful C. youthful D. empty29. A. came back B. closed down C. went by D. opened up30. A. hope B. hardship C. harmony D. sadness31. A. constantly B. shortly C. hardly D. nearly32. A. and B. but C. or D. for33. A. description B. statement C. praise D. introduction34. A. secretly B. curiously C. carelessly D eagerly35. A. doing B. considering C. correcting D. reading。
2 天外基础英语+汉语2012
天津外国语大学2012年基础英语考研真题I. Choose the one answer that best explains the underlined word or phrase in the sentence. Write your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (20 points)1. Shen suggested the existing urban housing demolition regulations be revised, after Sichuan Province native, Tang Fuzhen, died following self-immolation in protest against the forced demolition of her home in November 2009.A. explosionB. wipeoutC. destructionD. ruining2. People from every corner of the world come to visit me, asking questions on every conceivable topic related to China, from China’s internal and international policies to everyday life.A. confidentialB. imaginableC. unbelievableD. embarrassing3. Locke’s Chinese ancestry presents a double-edged sword situation. As a political figure, he cannot go overboard with his intimacy for China and its culture; otherwise, it will be difficult for him to get approval from politicians in the United States.A. nominationB. cultural insightC. cultural traditionD. pedigree4. The disaster will not completely dash Japan’s economic potential, according to CASS’s Feng.A. smashB. put an end toC. boomD. undermine5. The “Occupy Wall Street”protests started on September 17, denouncing the greed and recklessness of the financial titans, who brought down the U.S. economy.A. criticizing significantlyB. alleviating significantlyC. threatening openlyD. condemning openly6. The scandal at the zoo was exposed by disgruntled staff on March 10 when they went on strike over unpaid wages. According to the staff, this was not the first time that the zoo has been mired in scandal.A. disgracefulB. discontentedC. on-strikeD. off-post7. Zhejiang Geely secured V olvo at a price far less than the$6.45 billion Ford paid the brand in 1999.A. seizedB. purchasedC. acquiredD. merged8. Li wants to radically slash the Swedish brand’s costs for some of its primary operations, such as product development and manufacturing, by tapping the relatively cheap labor available in China.A. level …drawing profit fromB. reduce…making a good use ofC. cut…relying onD. moderate…exploiting9. Many agree that the “egg”might not be legal, but the novel idea and creation need to be supported.A. newB. romanticC. weirdD. parsimonious10. Economists reached a consensus that inflation in China would come from the sizzling propertymarket instead of the food of energy sector.A. foamedB. topplingC. hotD. devastating11. For those uninitiated to Chinese drinking culture, the potential confusion between white wineand baijiu can become more than a merely linguistic headache.A. newly introduced toB. lacking practical experience inC. being knowledgeable toD. being full of expertise in12. Gaddafi established the Socialist People’s Libyan Arab Jamahiriya in 1977 and adopted arelatively loose state structure similar to anarchy.A. socialist democracyB. feudal kingdomC. dictatorshipD. political disorder and confusion13. Hu added that some of the mistrust prevalent in society today stems from previous cases wherepeople who stepped in to offer assistance were later accused of having caused the original accidents.A. prevailingB. popularC. contaminatingD. shuffling14. Foreign study often conjures up ideas of acquiring new skills and opening one’s eyes. Not onlymay those notions be over-blown, there also significant downsides that we rarely hear about.A. producesB. leads toC. hallucinatesD. invokes15. The first stage culminated with the successful implementation of China’s inaugural mannedspace mission on October 15, 2003.A. crownedB. ceasedC. endedD. initiated16. As for the young women in the translation and literature sections at Fudan, underperforminggirls revealed some cultural and gender dissonance.A. prejudiceB. conflictC. harmonyD. discordance17. For a long time, France has been pushing for lifting the weapons embargo against thosecountries.A. boycottB. extraditionC. banD. dialogue18. The doctor suggested that he just fabricated the injury.A. inventedB. worsenedC. causedD. scattered19. The application of 3G is on the upswing in China; however, the era of 4G has also begun.A. pokeB. dwindleC. soarD. rise20. Earlier that year, UNESCO listed Kunqu as an Intangible Cultural Heritage. DA. hypotheticalB. valuableC. nonphysicalD. unchangeableII. Grammatical Structures. (10 points)Directions: In each of the following sentences there are four underlined parts marked A, B, C andD. Identify the part that is grammatically incorrect. Write your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.1. The supervisor was advised to (A) give the assignment to whomever (B) he believed had (C)a strong sense of responsibility, and the courage of conviction. (D)2. Given (A)their strong suspicion of inherited authority and their almost infinite faith in an individual’s right to shape his own destiny,Americans have trouble accepting (B) social customs whose provenance is unclear and whose authority (C) they never consented (D).3. The term biological clock is applied to (A) the means which (B) living things adjust their activity patterns, without any obvious cue (C), to the time of day (D), or the month, or the year.4. What should doctors say, for example (A), to a 46-year-old man coming in for a routinephysical checkup (B) before going on vacation with his family who, though (C) he feels in perfect health, finds (D) to have a form of cancer that will cause him to die within six months?5. The conquerors stole only (A)the gold and silver that were needed (B) to replenish the badly depleted (C) treasury but also the supplies that were vital to (D) the colonists.6. The telegraph opened up (A) the possibility of almost instantaneous communication and thereby(B) offering (C) many practical advantages to people in all walks of life. (D)7. T.S. Eliot received (A) wide recognition after publishes (B) The Waste Land, which fused (C) poetic traditions with elements (D) of modern music and language.8. We are expected to get excited about skyscrapers simply on the basis of (A) their height, an attribute that (B) is supposed to make us overlook the fact that (C) everything else about them is banal and exceptional uninteresting (D).9. Coupled with (A) the growing quantity of information are (B) the development of technologies which (C) enable the storage and delivery of more information with greater speed (D) to more locations than has ever been possible before.10. He has told (A) me something about his new theory which he has been developing (B). I believe that his theory will offer (C) new explanations of the problem when it will be ready (D) to be published.III. Cloze Test (20 points)Directions: There are two short passages in this section. In each passage, ten words are missing. Fill in each blank with an appropriate word that best suits the context to complete the passage. Notice that the first letter of the missing word in each blank is given and write your answer on the ANSWER SHEET.Passage OneThe American attitude t_______(1) the family contains many contradictions. For example, Americans will tolerate a good deal of instability in their families, including d_______(2), in order to protect such values as freedom and equality. On the other h_______(3), they are strongly attached to the idea of the family as the best of all lifestyles. A recent s_____ (4)showed that 78 percent of Americans felt that the family was most meaningful p______ (5)of life and 92 percent said it was a very personal value of them. In fact, the great m______(6) of persons who get divorces find a new partner and remarry.Some social scientists have explained this apparent c____(7) in an interesting way. Americans, they say, look upon the family a_____(8) a necessary refuge as competition and hard work are basic American values, but they also place a psychological strain on the individual. By c_____(9), the family is basically a noncompetitive, cooperative institution. Family members are not expected to compete a_______(10) each other as they do against their peers in the outside worlds of business, politics, and education.Passage TwoA young man from a w_____(1) family was about to graduate from high school. It was the c_____(2) in that affluent neighborhood for the p_____(3) to give the graduate an automobile. Bill and his father had s______(4) months looking at cars, and the week before graduation they found the perfect car. Bill was certain that the car would be his on graduation night.Imagine his d_____(5) when, on the eve of his graduation, Bill’s father handed him a gift-wrapped Bible! Bill was so angry, he t_____(6) the Bible down and stormed out of the house.He and his father never saw each other again. It was the news of his father’s d_______(7) that brought Bill home again.As he sat one night, going t_____(8) his father’s possessions that he was to inherit, he came across the Bible his father had given him. He brushed away the dust and opened it to find a cashier’s c______(9), dated the day of his graduation, in the exact a______(10) of the car they had chosen.IV. Reading Comprehension (40 points)Directions: Below each of the following 4 passages you will find questions or incomplete statements about the passage. Each statement or question is followed by lettered words or expressions. Select the word or expression that most satisfactorily completes or answers each question in accordance with the contents of the passage. Write your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(1) NOBODY else in the computer industry, or any other industry for that matter, could put on a show like Steve Jobs. His product launches, at which he would stand alone on a black stage and conjure up a “magical” or “incredible” new electronic gadget in front of an awed crowd, were the performances of a master showman. All computers do is fetch and shuffle numbers, he once explained, but do it fast enough and “the results appear to be magic”. He spent his life packaging that magic into elegantly designed, easy to use products.In retrospect, Mr Jobs was a man ahead of his time during his first stint at Apple. Computing’s early years were dominated by technical types. But his emphasis on design and ease of use gave him the edge later on. Elegance, simplicity and an understanding of other fields came to matter in a world in which computers are fashion items, carried by everyone, that can do almost anything. “Technology alone is not enough,” said Mr Jobs at the end of his sp eech introducing the iPad, in January 2010. “It’s technology married with liberal arts, married with humanities, that yields the results that make our hearts sing.” It was unusual statement for the head of a technology firm, but it was vintage Steve Jobs.His interdisciplinary approach was backed up by an obsessive attention to detail. A carpenter making a fine chest of drawers will not use plywood on the back, even though nobody will see it, he said, and he applied the same approach to his products. “For you to sleep well at night, the aesthetic, the quality, has to be carried all the way through.” He insisted that the first Macintosh should have no internal cooling fan, so that it would be silent—putting user needs above engineering convenience. He called an Apple engineer one weekend with an urgent request: the colour of one letter of an-screen logo on the iPhone was not quite the right shade of yellow. He often wrote or rewrote the text of Apple’s advertisements himself.His on-stage persona as a Zen-like mystic notwithstanding, Mr. Jobs was an autocratic manager with a fierce temper. But his egomania was largely justified. He eschewed market researchers and focus groups, preferring to trust his own instincts when evaluating potential new products. “A lot of times, people don’t know what they want until you show it to them,” he said. His judgment proved uncannily accurate: by the end of his career the hits far outweighed the misses. Mr. Jobs was said by an engineer in the early years of Apple to emit a “reality distortion field,”such were his powers of persuasion. But in the end he changed reality, channeling the magic of computing into products that reshaped music, telecoms and media. The man who said in his youth that he wanted to “put a ding in the universe” did just that.1. The Apple brand products, according to the article, are ______.A. expensiveB. complicatedC. user-friendlyD. difficult to get2. The Apple products are distinctive, as this article tells us, because they are ______.A. carefully made but expensiveB. integration of technology and artC. small but elegantD. cheap but easy to use3. Jobs, in assessing his new products, ______.A. tends to believe his intuitionB. tends to trust his market researchersC. tends to study potential customersD. tends to challenge his rivals4. Jobs uses the metaphor “A carpenter making fine chest of drawers will not use plywood on the back” most probably to imply that ______.A. Everybody should be careful in his workB. Plywood is expensive and should be replaced by something elseC. The carpenter that makers fine furniture is a master carpenter.D. Everybody should pay attention to the smallest details and aims at perfection.5. Read the text and say what of the following words best describe Jobs’s character?A. self-confident, fierce-tempered with accurate judgmentB. good writer, fast speaking, slim but forcefulC. likes to dress in black, eloquent,D. exaggerating, bragging and arrogant(2) Albert Einstein’s first tour of America was an extravaganza unique in the history of science, and indeed would have been remarkable for any realm: a grand two-month processional in the spring of 1921 that evoked the sort of mass frenzy and press adulation that would thrill a touring rock star. Einstein had recently burst into global stardom when observations performed during a total eclipse dramatically confirmed his theory of relativity by showing that the sun’s gravity field bent a light beam to the degree that he had predicted.So when he arrived in New York in April, he was greeted by adoring throngs as the world’s first scientific celebrity, one who also happened to be a gentle icon of humanist values and a living patron saint for Jews.Newly published papers from that year, however, show a less joyful aspect to Einstein’s famous visit. He found himself caught in a battle between ardent European Zionists and the more polished and cautious potentates of American Jewry.The full extent of this controversy, which has been only touched upon in previous books (including a biography I wrote in 2007), is revealed in a volume of Einstein’s correspondence and papers for 1921 that was recently published by the Princeton University Press.Einstein was raised in a secular German-Jewish household, and (except for a brief fling with religious fervor as a child) he disdained religious faith and rituals. He did, however, proudly consider himself Jewish by heritage, and he felt a strong kinship with what he called his fellow tribesmen or clansmen. His outlook in 1921 can be seen in the brusque answer he sent early that year to the rabbi of Berlin, who had urged him to become a dues-paying member of the Jewish religious community there. “In your letter,” he responded, “I noticed that the word Jewish is ambiguous in that it refers (1) to nationality and origin, (2) to the faith. I am a Jew in the first sense, not in the second.”German anti-Semitism was on the rise. Many Jews did everything they could, including converting, to Christianity, in order to assimilate, and they urged Einstein to do the same. But Einstein took the opposite approach. He began to identify even more strongly with his Jewish heritage, and he embraced the Zionist goal of promoting a Jewish homeland in Palestine.6. If you compare Einstein’s visit to US in 1921 to Michael Jackson’s performance tour abroad, ______.A. It is less pompousB. It is more expensiveC. It is less attractiveD. It is equally successful7. One IMMEDIATE possible reason for Einstein’s warm welcome in the US was ______.A. He was a top scientistB. He was a JewC. He proved his theoryD. He invented his theory8. The word Jewish can, according to Einstein, mean ______.A. nationality and religious beliefB. scenic place and tourismC. intelligence and diligenceD. invention and creation9. European and American Jews were different in term of ______.A. their level of wealthB. their attitude towards ZionismC. their respect for EinsteinD. their view of the world10. In addition to papers, the book published by the Princeton University also includes ______.A. illustrationsB. mapsC. commentsD. letters(3) To study something scientifically, you first have to measure it, and psychologists have developed tests for many mental traits. And contrary to popular opinion, the tests work pretty well: they give a similar measurement of a person every time they are administered; and they statistically predict life outcomes like school and job performance, psychiatric diagnoses, and marital stability. Tests for intelligence might ask people to recite a string of digits backward, define a word like “predicament,” identify what an egg and a seed have in common, or assemble four triangles into a square. Personality tests ask people to agree or disagree with statements like “Often I cross the street in order not to meet someone I know,” “I often was in trouble in school,”“Before I do something I try to consider how my friends will react to it,” and “People say insulting and vulgar things about me.” People’s answers to a large set of these questions tend to vary in five major ways: openness to experience, conscientiousness, extroversion, agreeableness (as opposed to antagonism) and neuroticism. The scores can then be compared with those of relatives who vary in relatedness and family background.The most prominent finding of behavioral genetics has been summarized by the psychologist Eric Turkheimer: “The nature-nurture debate is over… All human behavioral traits are heritable.” By this he meant that a substantial fraction of the variation among individuals within a culture can be linked to variation in their genes. Whether you measure intelligence or personality, religiosity or political orientation, television watching or cigarette smoking, the outcome is the same. Behavioral geneticists like Turkheimer are quick to add that many of the differences among people cannot be attributed to their genes. First among these are the effects of culture, which cannot be measured by these studies because all the participants come from the same culture, typically middle-class European or American. The importance of culture is obvious from the study of history and anthropology. The reason most of us don’t challenge each other to duals or worship our ancestors or chug down a nice warm glass of cow urine has nothing to do with genes and everything to do with the milieu in which we grew up. But this still leaves the question of whypeople in the same culture differ from one another.11. Many people believe to measure one’s mental traits is ______.A. easyB. difficultC. dullD. interesting12. Eric Turkheimer believes that man’s mental behavior is determined mainly by ______.A. natureB. nurtureC. cellD. blood13. That the result of the test may not be accurate is because ______.A. The instruments used in the test are not sophisticatedB. The scientists conducting the test are not qualifiedC. The subjects are confined to a certain group of peopleD. Some people drink cow urine and worship their ancestors14. The sentence “The reason most of us don’t…chug down a nice warm glass of cow urine…”tries to prove that because of cultural heritage ______.A. Cow urine is offensive to drinkB. Drinking cow urine is unhygienicC. Some people do drink cow urineD. Nobody drinks cow urine15. According the findings reported in this article, what of the following is NOT statisticallypredictable?A. Whether your marriage will last for ever?B. Whether you will become a good worker?C. How much will you make in future?D. How well will you perform in school?(4) My wife and I got married right out of college, in 1978. We were young and naive and unashamedly idealistic, and we decided to make our first home in a utopian environmentalist community in New York State. For seven years, we lived, quite contentedly, in circumstances that would strike most Americans as austere in the extreme: our living space measured just seven hundred square feet, and we didn’t have a dishwasher, a garbage disposal, a lawn, or a car. We did our grocery shopping on foot, and when we needed to travel longer distances we used public transportation. Because space at home was scarce, we seldom acquired new possessions of significant size. Our electric bills worked out to be about a dollar a day.The utopian community was Manhattan. (Our apartment was on Sixty-ninth Street, between Second and Third.) Most Americans, including most New Yorkers, think of New York City as an ecological nightmare, a wasteland of concrete and garbage and diesel fumes and traffic jams, but in comparison with the rest of America it’s a model of environmental responsibility. By the most significant measures, New York is the greenest community in the United States, and it is one of the greenest cities of the world. The most devastating damage humans have done to the environment has arisen from the heedless burning of fossil fuels, a category in which New Yorkers are practically prehistoric. The average Manhattanite consumes gasoline at a rate that the country as a whole hasn’t matched since the mid-nineteen-twenties, when the most widely owned car in the United States was the Ford Model T. Eighty-two per cent of Manhattan residents travel to work by public transit, by bicycle, or on foot. That’s ten times the rate for America ns in general, and eight times the rate for residents of Los Angeles County. New York City is more populous than all but eleven states; if it were granted statehood, it would rank fifty-first in per-capita energy use.“Anyplace that has such tall building s and heavy traffic is obviously an environmentaldisaster-except that it isn’t,” John Holtzclaw, a transportation consultant for the Sierra Club and the Natural Resources Defense Council, told me. “If New Yorkers lived at the typical American sprawl density of three households per residential acre, they would require many times as much land. They’d be driving cars, and they’d have huge lawns and be using pesticides and fertilizers on them, and then he’d be overwatering their lawns, so that runoff would go into streams.” The key to New York’s relative environmental benignity is its extreme compactness. Manhattan’s population density is more than eight hundred times that of the nation as a whole. Placing one and a half million people on a twenty-three-square-mile island sharply reduces their opportunities to be wasteful, and forces the majority to live in some of the most inherently energy-sufficient residential structures in the world: apartment buildings. It also frees huge tracts of land from the rest of America to sprawl into.16. “Our apartment was on Sixty-ninth Street, between Second and Third.”In this sentence,Second and Third refers to ______.A. BuildingB. Traffic LightsC. AvenueD. District17. The young couple did not big furniture most probably because ______.A. They were innocent.B. They did not have the money.C. They did not have enough space.D. They were smart and environmental protectors.18. “Our electric bills worked out to be about a dollar a day.”From reading the text you willconclude that their expenditure on electricity is ______.A. BigB. SmallC. Difficult to judgeD. Just right19. New York City is, contrary to many people’s belief, not an “ecological nightmare”. It is allbecause ______.A. it is big.B. it is wealthy.C. New Yorkers are eco-friendly and all Utopians.D. each New Yorker consumes, on the average, less energy than his fellow Americans.20. “Anyplace that has such tall buildings and heavy traffic is obviously an environmentaldisaster-except that it isn’t”. In this sentence “it” refers to ______.A. Los Angeles CountyB. the Sierra ClubC. New York StateD. New York CityV. Translation from English to Chinese.(20 points)Directions: Translate the following passage into Chinese and write your Chinese version on the ANSWER SHEET.It is an honor for me to join this distinguished group of leaders from nations around the world. We come here in Copenhagen because climate change poses a grave and growing danger to our people. All of you would not be here unless you-like-me were convinced that this danger is real. This is not fiction, it is science. Unchecked, climate change will pose unacceptable risks to our security, our economies, and our planet. This much we know.The question, then, before us is no longer the nature of the challenge—the question is our capacity to meet it. For while the reality of climate change is not in doubt, I have to be honest, as the world watches us today, I think our ability to take collective action is in doubt right now, and ithangs is the balance.I believe we can act boldly, and decisively, in the face of a common threat. That’s why I come here today—not to talk, but to act.参考答案及解析I. Choose the one answer that best explains the underlined word or phrase in the sentence. Write your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.1.C 句意:在2009年11月份四川省一位当地居民唐福珍为抗议强制拆迁自焚事件后,沈建议对现存的房屋拆迁制度进行修改。
天津外国语大学翻译硕士英语2012
天津外国语大学2012年翻译硕士英语考研真题I. Choose the one answer that best explains the underlined word or phrase in the sentence. Write your answers on the ANSWER SHEET (20 points).1. Many of the over-the-top costumes now on display were actually kept in storage though.A. outstandingB. futileC. parsimoniousD. dazzling2. Measures to curb speculative home purchases have proven effective, especially in the land supply and purchase market where excessive investments have been in retreat.A. boycottB. encourageC. restrainD. ban3. In the July rain, the run-down street in a Beijing southern suburb even looks a little dreary.A. dirty and dilapidatedB. small but interestingC. short but energeticD. flopping and tiring4. The ministry announced at a State Council Information Office press conference on August 11 that 47 medical teams, with 779 members, were in Zhouqu treating patients, sterilizing the environment and drinking water, and ensuring proper disposal of corpses.A. buryingB. removingC. processingD. cleaning5. Chen warned against the possibility of home prices rebounding when low interest rates are adopted to mitigate inflation.A. suspendB. increaseC. alleviateD. endorse6. Risk aversion came to the fore as fears about the European sovereign debt and global economy rattled investors.A. agendaB. checklistC. rosterD. front7. The hapless pair had the misfortune to discover for themselves what any decent guide will inform you: Wangfujing is not the place for better restaurants.A. unluckyB. persistentC. stubbornD. happy8. The target is multifaceted: the country hopes to gain military strength and be unafraid of foreign threats, while creating a high standard of living.A. having many aspectsB. kaleidoscopicC. colorfulD. crystal clear9. To increase performance and win against Morgan Stanley, Chen decided to forge a short-lived alliance between Yongle and Dazhong Electronics, which brought Yongle to the brink of insolvency.A. associationB. connectionC. separationD. disclamation10. I spent hours simply wandering these back streets, looking for photo opportunities andinhaling the unmistakable scent of burning coal.A. enjoyingB. breathing outC. breathing inD. touching11. Lebanese President Michel Suleiman welcomes his Iranian counterpart MahmoudAhmadinejad to Beirut for an official visit on October 13.A. matchB. spouseC. friendD. foe12. The three referees were detained in March, pushing the credibility of Chinese referees to anall-time low.A. trusteeB. reliabilityC. judgmentD. notability13. Last year 175,000 people flocked to the downtown area for the Thanksgiving Day Parade.A. swarmed toB. gathered toC. centralized inD. dispersed to14. It is believed that nomadic ancestors considered bumper harvests as bounty form the “God ofSun” and natural disasters as punishment.A. victoryB. rewardC. warningD. persecution15. When we talk about giving universities greater autonomy to recruit students, people may beconcerned about possible fraud and preferential treatment enjoyed by students from wealthy or powerful families.A. teachB. admitC. fakeD. transfer16. Recently, Joe, a foreign English teacher in China, said to me, “I feel dazed and disoriented; mystudents here are unusually quiet. I can’t tell if they understand my lessons.” His plight is not surprising. Many foreign ESL instructors often feel confused when they first step into a Chinese classroom.A. annoyanceB. depressionC. predicamentD. disappointment17. This cultural perspective disorients foreign teachers, who misperceive their students as passiveand withdrawn.A. perceiveB. conceiveC. misunderstandD. process18. Some esoteric fonts used by today’s artists emulate monks who copied medieval manuscriptsby hand.A. complicatedB. mysteriousC. gibberishD. cursive19. Tower C of Office Park, a dazzling new office building in Beijing’s Central Business District,has been widely praised in the market for its superior quality and pleasant amenities after it was unveiled to the market at a press conference held in March 2010.A. convenienceB. regularityC. sightD. outlook20. The country’s stability must therefore be based on the reconciliation of the relationshipsbetween different ethnic groupsA. rapprochementB. hostilityC. negotiationD. war-ceasingⅡ. In each of the following sentences, there are four underlined parts, marked A, B, C and D. Identify the part that is grammatically incorrect. Write your answers on the ANSWER SHEET (10 points).1. Only with early seventeenth century observers did the music of the original inhabitantsA B Cof the United States and Canada entered recorded history.D2. The most widely discussed alternative to the traditional campus is the Internet UniversityA—a voluntary community to scholars/ teachers physically scattered throughout a country orB Caround the world because all linked in cyberspace.D3. T.S. Eliot received wide recognition after publishes The Waste Land, which fused poeticA B Ctraditions with elements of modern music and language.D4. To people from temperate climates, tropical butterflies may seem incredible big.A B C D5. Many theories have been developed concerning how people learn about cultures from theA Bmyths and legends pass down from one generation to another.C D6. Bacteria lived in the soil play a vital role in recycling the carbon and nitrogen needed byA B C Dplants.7. Of the many machines invented in the late nineteenth century, none had a great impact onA B C Dthe United States economy than the automobile.8. The decade of the 1920’s was significant in Georgia’s history because of the rapidityA Bwith what agriculture declined in the state.C D9. A liquid that might be a poor conductor when pure is often used to make solutions thatA B Creadily transmits electricity.D10. Small distinctions among stamps, unimportant to the person average, would meanA B Ca great deal to the stamp collector.DⅢ. Below each of the following 4 passages you will find questions or incomplete statements about the passage. Each statement or question is followed by lettered words or expressions. Select the word or expression that most satisfactorily completes or answers each question in accordance with the meaning of the passage. Write your answers on the ANSWER SHEET (40 points).(1)What is the charm of necklaces? Why would anyone put something extra around her neck and then invest it with special significance? A necklace doesn’t afford warmth in cold weather,like a scarf, or protection in combat, like chain mail; it only decorates. We might say it borrows meaning from what it surrounds and sets off: the head with its supremely important material contents, and the face, that register of the soul. When photograph reduces the reality it represents, they mention not only the passage from three dimensions to two, but also the selection of a point du vue favors the top of the body rather than the bottom and the front rather than the back. The face is the jewel in the crown of the body, and so we give it a setting.When people are intensely concerned with something that is obviously impractical, anthropologists take note, for lovely useless things often express archaic to exist in contemporary American houses already heated by gas and electricity, yet most people want one and it is still the focus of the living room. This desire testifies, I think, to the hundreds of thousands of years during which we Homo sapiens huddled around a cave fire. We watch ourselves, rather anxiously, vanish backward down those lone temporary corridors, as my daughter gazes at her infinitely multiplied small self in the mutually opposed mirrors of the beauty salon, and wonders, is it me? Our fireplaces and necklaces and tombstones say it is, they are.In American culture, an interest in necklaces seems to be rather gender specific. Many men to whom I mention the enterprise feign polite interest and then change the subject, though I know some who admire, construct, and wear necklaces, including the distinguished scientist and poet to whom this essay is dedicated. Most women, by contrast, become mildly or wildly enthusiastic. A doctor in Blois brought out her entire collection of costume jewelry for me, exhibited the most splendid pieces with an account of where and when they were purchased, and then explain them all with the help of a large glossy book on the history of costume jewelry, with dozens of pictures.A former student of mine who had moved to California mailed me six plastic boxes full of beads gleaned from a warehouse managed by an eccentric friend who just their settings; a feature bead painted with a naked lady; crystal roundels of truly exceptional shine; and tiny silver hematite seed beads. Beads lend themselves to exchange, Beads travel. And clearly these two facts are related.1. The function of the necklace is to ______.A. keep people warmB. provide people with protectionC. make people beautifulD. build up people’s confidence2. Lovely useless things, according to the author, serve the purpose of ______.A. decorating the houseB. showing off one’s artistic tasteC. reminding people of things pastD. revealing one’s tendency to waste money3. “Gender specific” means ______.A. both men and womenB. either men or womenC. neither men nor womenD. related to one sex only4. From this article we can gather that _______.A. Only women like necklacesB. Only men like necklacesC. Most women like necklacesD. Most men like necklaces5. Some men “feign polite interest” means _______.A. They are keenly interestedB. They are not interested at all because they are menC. They are slightly interestedD. They pretend to be interested out of politeness(2)About a dozen years ago my wife and I planted a hedge of twenty-seven arborvitae trees along the border of our backyard, which, although our house sits on nineteen acres of fields and woods, is also the back border of our property. A sloping hayfield with a realtor’s dream of panoramic views lies directly behind us. So the hedge was our attempt to secure privacy for the future. The nurseryman who sold us the shrubs assured us they were the best species for our purpose and climate. I measured and marked the planting sites, called in “Chink” Norris (whose possibly racist nickname I’ve not looked into any more than I have the nurseryman’s credentials) to come with his small backhoe and dig the holes. As advised, I faithfully watered and fertilized each tree throughout the holes. As advised, I faithfully watered and fertilized each tree throughout the first year, with results that were everything I’d been promised: dense, hardy, and luxuriant, a towering bulwark of green. Thus began an episode of great vexation and buffoonery in my life, known and (I have no doubt) merrily recounted in local circles as the tale of “Garret and his trees”, or as my wife puts it, “Garret and the deer.” It so happens that we live next to one of the county’s most extensive “deer yard”, those areas of canopied woods to which the deer retire in winter, making networks of deeply furrowed tracks and foraging as best they can until there’s a declared winner in the yearly race between spring and starvation.It also happens that deer find arborvitae a delicacy, related to the cedar that they also love, but thicker and more succulent. By the second winter they’d found and attacked my trees. I fought back, not with a vengeance—I stopped short of that—but with something close to obsession. I erected fence structures that made our backyard look like a scene from the Somme. I played recordings of wolves howling, recordings of me howling. I fired pistol shots at random hours of the night. I hung or sprinkled repellents of blood meal, urine, (mine), and deodorant soap. Hearing that deer were repelled by the scent of human hair, I asked some hair dressers to set aside their sweepings in a bag with, as the saying goes, my name on it.As any warden will tell you, if deer are hungry enough they will get through anything, which this year included an electric fence hooked to a charger supposedly powerful enough to deter an elephant. So the farmer who’d helped me rig it up assured me. What he did not tell me, because he did not know, was that the insulating snowpack would prevent an animal from completing the circuit with the ground. In came the deer like a school of piranhas. This was shortly after a man from Connecticut purchased the hayfield behind our house for a price few of my neighbors could afforded and none of them could believe and set about measuring the foundations of a house.6. The author and his wife planted a hedge along their backyard for the purpose of _______.A. prevent deerB. protect privacyC. beautify the surroundingsD. eco-friendly7. The author collects hair in bags to prevent the invasion of deer because he knows that _______.A. deer like the smell of human hairB. deer can be repelled by the smell of human hairC. deer die when eating human hairD. deer flee at the sight of human hair8. Why the author sets up an electric fence?A. as a safety precautionB. to prevent the harassment by deerC. as part of house decoration planD. to halt potential thieves and robbers9. Why did the electric fence fail? It is because of _______.A. The deer are smartB. The winter is coldC. The fence is of low qualityD. Snowpack serves as an insulator10. What measure was NOT taken by the author to deter the deer?A. urineB. gun shotsC. watchdogD. deodorant soup(3)I was eight years old the first time I fainted. I was at friend’s house, and a bee stung me on the back of the neck. I had felt nothing but a slight pinch and the bug was soon wiped away and flushed down the toilet, but since I looked pale I was urged to call my mother. As I told her what had happened, I felt myself blacking out, sinking to the floor, vaguely aware that I was still gripping the receiver.Perhaps I was allergic to the bee sting—the only one I’ve ever gotten, although to this day I have a phobia about bees, wasps, and other insects. But the image of an eight-year-old in Keds crumpling to the ground while he describes his injury to his Mommy seems to return us to Freudian territory. Note the umbilical image of the phone cord.Call me fanciful. Still, I’m afraid these undertones are hardly dissipated by the second fainting incident I can recall, which practically reeks of the family romance. This took place one weekend morning while we were gathered in the kitchen to eat breakfast. My mother stood at the stove making French toast, which she had already served to the kids; my father, seated at the table, was cutting a bagel with a sharp bread knife. Contrary to every principle of kitchen safety, he was holding the bagel in his hand and cutting inward, and eventually he made a neat, shallow incision in his palm. The blood was profuse.Being a hematologist, my father didn’t panic: this was just business as usual. But my mother stopped flipping French toast and collapsed to the floor. I, inspired by the blood and my mother’s collapse and the powerful odors of syrup and sugar rising from my plate, slumped forward. My forehead went into the syrup. I heard a roar—it seemed to me that I was being clutched beneath the armpits and whirled around—and then my father shook me back into consciousness. He had already attended to my mother.Still think I’m fanciful? Then listen to this. Out of curiosity I asked my mother when her firstfainting episode had occurred.She paused, thought it over, and came up with the following. At the age of thirteen, she went to visit her father in the hospital, who only the day before had had his appendix removed. Aside from her father, still conked out from the anesthesia, the other person in the room was a nurse, who was busy changing the dressing on the patient’s incision, which hadn’t quite closed. For some reason, the nurse had to leave the room. At this point, she asked my mother to hold the soiled dressing in place until she returned. My mother complied. Standing over her dazed father, gingerly holding a used bandage over a hole in his lower abdomen, the thirteen-year-old grew lightheaded.I assumed the nurse returned before she hit the floor.11. It can be gathered from this article that the tendency to faint most probably is _______.A. genetically determinedB. independently developedC. virus infectedD. emotionally affected12. The faint related to the bee sting led to the author’s fear later in her life of _______.A. snakesB. elephantsC. insectsD. dogs13. The author’s mother fainting might be assumed to be related to _______.A. appendixB. abdomenC. nurseD. blood14. “At this point” in this article most probably means _______.A. at this momentB. At this partC. at this houseD. at this corner15. One most plausible reason that the author’s father did not panic when he cut himself is_______.A. He had served in the armyB. He was the head of the familyC. He tried to maintain his authorityD. He was an expert on blood(4)A dog cares deeply, which way your body is leaning. Forward or backward? Forward can be seen as aggressive; backward—even a quarter of an inch—means nonthreatening. It means you’ve relinquished what ethologists call an “intention movement” to proceed forward. Cook your head, even slightly, to the side, and a dog is disarmed. Look at him straight on and he’ll read is like a red flag. Standing straight, with your shoulders squared rather that slumped, can mean the difference between whether your dog obeys a command or ignores it. Breathing evenly and deeply, rather than holding your breath can mean the difference between defusing a tense situation and igniting it. “I think they are looking at our eyes and where our eyes look like,”the ethologist PatriciaMcConnell, who teaches at the University of Wisconsin, Madison, says, “A rounded eye with a dilated pupil is a sign of high arousal and aggression in a dog. I believe they pay a tremendous amount of attention to how relaxed our face is and how relaxed our facial muscles are, because that’s big cue for them with each other. Is the jaw relaxed? Is the mouth slightly open? And then the arms. They pay a tremendous amount of attention to where our arms go.”In the book The Other End of the Leash, McConnell decodes one of the most common of all human-dog interactions, the meeting between two leashed animals in a walk. To us, it’s about one dog sizing up another. To her, it’s about two dogs sizing up each other after first sizing up their respective owners. The owners “are often anxious about how well the dogs will get along,” she writes, and if you watch them instead of the dogs, you’ll often notice that the humans will hold their breath and round their eyes and mouths in an “on alert” expression. Since these behaviors are expressions of offensive aggression in a canine culture, I suspect the humans are unwittingly signaling tension. If you exaggerate this by tightening the leash, as many owners do, you can actually cause the dogs to attack each other. Think of it: the dogs are in a tense social encounter, surrounded by support from their own pack, with the humans forming a tense, staring, breathless circle around them. I don’t know how many times I’ve seen dogs shift their eyes toward their owner’s frozen faces and then launch growling at the other dog.16. A dog responds when it sees the following act of its owner _______.A. shoutsB. hitsC. body movementD. foot gesture17. A dog is read to attack when _______.A. its eyes are diluted and roundedB. its owner’s body leans backwardC. its owner’s shoulder squaredD. its owner’s shoulder slumped18. The other end of the leash most probably refers to _______.A. a dog C. dog owner’s friendB. a dog’s owner D. a dog’s rival19. The best title for this piece might be _______.A. Human-dog InteractionB. Human-dog FriendshipC. Human-dog AntagonismD. Human-dog Relations20. If an owner rounds his eyes and mouth, he is unintentionally urges his dog _______.A. to retreat C. to initiate a fightB. to squat D. to come back homeIV. The following report is taken from China Daily, Nov 23, 2011. The primary purpose of this excerpt is intended to provide a source of inspiration for writing rather than tempt you into copying the same thing in your composition.Nowadays, some people who cannot afford top brand products are buying paper carry bags with brand names or logos to gratify their vanity. Some are even finding top brand labels, instruction books and receipts sold online.These purchases, which are not for practical needs, but merely to show off and gratify the owners’vanity, are called “face consumptions”.A survey of 1,104 people conducted by China Youth Daily shows 84.2 percent interviewees think “face consumptions” are widespread amid young people.As for “face consumptions”48.4 percent interviewees show their distain; 39.9 percent express their sympathy; 36.5 percent feel indignation; 30.3 percent are indifferent and 5.1 percent approve the practice.According to the survey, clothes (75.3%); gifts (60.7%) and cars (59.5%) rank in the top three as the most likely sectors in which “face consumption” occurs, followed by electronic goods (55.6), catering (50.5%), liquor and tobacco (49.5%), cosmetics (43.9%) and entertainment (26.9%).Write an argumentative essay of about 400 words on the following topic (30 points);My Comment on Face Consumption amid Young People参考答案及解析I. Choose the one answer that best explains the underlined word or phrase in the sentence.1.A 句意:许多现在陈列的优秀服装实际上是存放在仓库中的。
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2012年天津外国语大学英语专业(英美文学)真题试卷(总分:42.00,做题时间:90分钟)一、填空题(总题数:17,分数:34.00)1. 1by 2records the history of modern civilization advancing on the receding wilderness, and its basic conflict is between the protagonist who insists on man"s old forest freedom and the judge who believes that man remains savage without law and order.(分数:2.00)填空项1:__________________2."To speak truly, few adult persons can see nature. Most persons do not see the sun. At least they have a very superficial seeing. The sun illuminates only the eye of the man, but shines into the eye and the heart of the 1. " These lines are taken from Nature by 2.(分数:2.00)填空项1:__________________3.Isabel Archer, who comes to Europe with a will to live a free life only to become the victim of two American expatriates" scheming, is the protagonist of 1by 2.(分数:2.00)填空项1:__________________4.In 1, Stephen Crane has 2as the historical setting to faithfully represent the cowardice and fear of the protagonist who tries to flee from the combat.(分数:2.00)填空项1:__________________5."The Burial of the Dead," "A Game of Chess," "The Fire Sermon," " Death by Water," and "What the Thunder Said" compose the five parts of the poem 1.(分数:2.00)填空项1:__________________6. 1"s play 2successfully portrays the Wingfields as a family of escapists who are indulged in their own illusory worlds.(分数:2.00)填空项1:__________________7.Most of 1"s heroes are Jewish intellectuals or writers who, facing violence and victimization, try to discover "the queerness of existence" and overcome it.(分数:2.00)填空项1:__________________8.In 1, the unnamed African American who is trapped in a coal-filled manhole recalls his past experiences from a small southern town to New York.(分数:2.00)填空项1:__________________9. 1is regarded by many critics as the earliest narrative poem in the history of British literature.(分数:2.00)填空项1:__________________10.John Bunyan is an English novelist of the 17th century. The main narrative technique he uses in his famous work The Pilgrim"s Progress is 1.(分数:2.00)填空项1:__________________11.In the 18th century, heroic couplet as a poetic medium reached its perfection in the hands of(分数:2.00)填空项1:__________________12.In 1"s 2, the protagonist begins as a man of integrity and a pillar of his countiy, but ends with a tragic vision of human existence, voicing that " Life is a tale told by an idiot, full of sound and fury, signifying nothing. "(分数:2.00)填空项1:__________________13.The poem 1 by Samuel Taylor Coleridge literally relates how a king commands a palace to be built, but thematically suggests that a great poet has to touch hell and the unconscious in order to see into the essence of things and compose great poetry.(分数:2.00)填空项1:__________________14. 1by 2 traces the growth of young Pip from innocence to experience and from immaturity to maturity.(分数:2.00)填空项1:__________________15.In "My Last Duchess," Robert Browning employs 1as the poetic form to have the speaker reveal his inner psychology.(分数:2.00)填空项1:__________________16.The three major characters in 1"s masterpiece 2represent three different human archetypes in education, taste, and attitude toward life, with Stephen Dedalus the most cultured, Leopold Bloom in the middle of the social and educational ladder, and Molly settling comfortably at the bottom.(分数:2.00)填空项1:__________________17. 1is an example of paradox.(分数:2.00)填空项1:__________________二、分析题(总题数:4,分数:8.00)18.By Aristotle"s definition of tragedy, a tragic character suffers the change of fortune from good to bad, order to disorder, and this change is a result not of vice but of some great error or frailty in character. Analyze the tragic flaw of a character in American or British literature.(分数:2.00)__________________________________________________________________________________________ 19.As a theorist of short story, Edgar Allan Poe proposes that the first sentence should help bring out the single effect of the story. Explain what is the single effect of "The Fall of the House of Usher" and how it is achieved through the beginning sentence.(分数:2.00)__________________________________________________________________________________________ 20.Define and illustrate what the omniscient point of view is with reference to one novel by Jane Austen or Charles Dickens.(分数:2.00)__________________________________________________________________________________________ 21.Writers or poets are often lumped together as a group for the same artistic assertion they share or the same significant social event(s)they are influenced by. The Lost Generation is a particular term referring to the writers and artists who spoke for the young people that came of age during and shortly after the First World War, alternatively known as the World War I generation. Please describe the characteristics of " The Lost Generation" with references to writers and literary works.(分数:2.00)__________________________________________________________________________________________。