大型离心式压缩机操作要点（英汉对照版）

工作原理：
汽轮机（或电动机）带动压缩机主轴叶轮转动，气体因离心作用增加了压力，还以很大的速度离开工作轮，气体经扩压器逐渐降低了速度，动能转变为静压能，进一步增加了压力。

这就是离心式压缩机的工作原理。

Fundamental principle
The steam turbine (or electric motor) drives the impeller of compressor shaft to turn, the gas will be increased the pressure because of the centrifugal effect and leave the running wheel with high speed the gas will be further increased pressure when passing the diffuser of which dynamic energy can be changed into static energy. That is what the basic principle of compressor works.
基本结构
离心式压缩机由转子及定子两大部分组成，转子包括转轴，固定在轴上的叶轮、轴套、平衡盘、推力盘及联轴节等零部件。

定子则有气缸，定位于缸体上的各种隔板以及轴承等零部件。

在转子与定子之间需要密封气体之处还设有密封元件
Basic structure
Centrifugal compressor consists of both rotor and stator. The rotor includes rotating shaft, the impeller fixed on the shaft, shaft sleeve, balancing drum, thrust disc and coupling etc. the stator has a cylinder, all kinds of diaphragms fixed on the cylinder and bearing etc. There
are still seal elements where seal gas will be needed between the rotor and the stator.
特点Specific character
离心式压缩机之所以能获得这样广泛的应用，主要是比活塞式压缩机有以下一些优点。

Compared with piston what makes centrifugal compressors wildly applied in many fields is mainly because of the advantages compressors as follows
1、离心式压缩机的气量大，结构简单紧凑，重量轻，机组尺寸小，占地面积小。

Huge in air flow simple and compact in structure light in weight small in size
2、运转平衡，操作可靠，运转率高，摩擦件少，因之备件需用量少，维护费用及人员少。

Spare parts, maintenance cost and crews will be needed less because of its smooth rotation, reliable operation, high activity rate and few friction pieces.
3、在化工流程中，离心式压缩机对化工介质可以做到绝对无油的压缩过程。

In chemical process centrifugal compressor can compressed the chemical medium absolutely without oil.
4、离心式压缩机为一种回转运动的机器，它适宜于工业汽轮机或
燃汽轮机直接驱动。

对一般大型化工厂，常用副产蒸汽驱动工业汽轮机作动力，为热能综合利用提供了可能。

Centrifugal compressor is suitable to be driven directly by industrial steam turbine or gas turbine as a kind of rotational motion machine. With regard to large chemical factory, using byproduct steam to drive industrial turbine provides possibility of comprehensive utilization of thermal energy.
离心式压缩机也还存在一些缺点。

Existing weakness of centrifugal compressor
1、离心式压缩机目前还不适用于气量太小及压比过高的场合。

Centrifugal compressors don’t apply to circumstances of too low air flow or too high pressure ratio at present.
2、离心式压缩机的稳定工况区较窄，其气量调节虽较方便，但经济性较差。

The steady working range of centrifugal compressor is relatively narrow with low economical efficiency although its air flow is easy to regulate
3、目前离心式压缩机效率一般比活塞式压缩机低。

Efficiency of centrifugal compressor is generally lower than piston compressor currently
压缩机组的组成部分(附属部分)
Components of compressor set (accessories)
入口过滤网Filter screen of suction
自控系统Automatic control system
润滑油系统Lubricant oil system
汽轮机Steam turbine
●气体冷却器Gas cooler
●气液分离器Gas-liquid separator
自控系统Automatic control system
就地仪表：温度计、压力表、玻璃板液位计、机组轴振动、位移仪表,选用美国Bently公司的3500系列监控系统。

机组控制系统采用德国西门子公司的可编程与过程控制器。

Local instrument: thermometer, manometer, glass plate liquid indicator shaft vibration instrument and displacement measuring instrument are selected to use the series of 3500 monitored control system of Bently Company from the USA. The programmable and process controller of Siemens Company from Germany is adopted in control system of compressors set.
一、参数测量
Parameter measurement
1空气温度监测
Monitoring of air temperature
在压缩机的各段进气和出气的管路上均有温度测点，将温度信号引至控制室
There are sensing points of temperature on all stages of inlet and outline air piping lines of compressor. And the signals of temperature can be sent to DCS.
2空气压力监测
Monitoring of air pressure
在压缩机的各段进气和出气的管路上均有压力测点，将压力信号引至控制室
On the all stages of inlet and outlet air piping lines there are sensing points of pressure by which the signals of pressure will be sent to DCS.
3空气流量监测
Monitoring of air flow
在压缩机出口管线上安装有流量测量元件，将流量信号引至控制室显示并监控。

Measuring sensors of flow rate installed on outlet pipe of compressor will send the signals to DCS to display and supervise
保安装置Safety equipment
1.开车联锁
Start up interlocks
A润滑油压力正常：＞0.25MPa
The normal pressure of lubricant is more than 0.25MPa
B润滑油温度正常：＞35 ℃
The normal temperature of lubricant is more than 35℃
C防喘振调节阀全开
The anti-surge control valve is full open.
D汽轮机速关阀全开
Quick-closing valve of turbine is full open.
E盘车停止
Stop wrenching
满足上述条件和逻辑图开车要求,才能开车.
Start-up cannot be conducted until the conditions above mentioned and requirement of logic diagram will be meet.
保安装置Safety equipment
2.保护装置Protection equipment
A轴振动Shaft vibration
轴振动的监视采用非接触式测振仪,在压缩机两侧轴端都有测振探头,每侧两支,安装夹角为90°趋进器将探头检测的信号引至控制室,当振动高时会发出声光报警,更高时联锁停车.
Non-contact vibration meter is adopted to monitor the shaft vibration，at shaft ends of both sides of compressor there are two vibration probes separately whose installation inclined angle is 90℃. The signals detected by probes will be sent to DCS by propeller. When displacement is beyond the set point the light and sound alarm will be given off. If it’s larger then there will be trip of interlock.
设定值为：Set points
汽轮机轴振动大于50um报警；
Alarm when vibration of turbine shaft is greater than 50um
汽轮机轴振动大于74um停车；
Shut down when vibration of turbine shaft is larger than 74um
压缩机轴振动大于63.5um报警；
Alarm when vibration of compressor is greater than 63.5um
压缩机轴振动大于89um停车。

Shut down when vibration of compressor shaft is larger than 89um.
B轴位移
Displacement of shaft
轴的位移监测采用非接触测量仪，在压缩机的低压侧轴端安装两支探头。

信号引至控制室，当位移超过报警值时，发出声光报警，更高则联锁停车。

Non touch surveying meter is adopted to monitor the displacement of shaft; two probes are installed at low pressure end of compressor. The signals are sent to DCS. When displacement is beyond the set point the light and sound alarm will be given off. If it’s higher then there will be trip of interlock.
设定值为：set points
汽轮机轴位移大于0.5mm报警shaft displacement is over 0.5mm there will be alarm.
汽轮机轴位移大于0.6mm停机
Trip when shaft displacement of turbine is over 0.6mm
压缩机轴位移大于0.5mm报警
Alarm when shaft displacement of compressor is over 0.5mm
压缩机轴位移大于0.7mm停机
Trip when shaft displacement of compressor is over 0.7mm
C轴承温度
Bearing temperature
在压缩机及汽轮机各轴承上分别装有Pt100的测温铂热电阻，并将信号引至控制室,当温度超过报警值时，发出声光报警，更高则联锁停车。

There are pt100 platinum resistance thermometer sensors installed on bearings of compressor and turbine respectively whose signals will be sent to DCS. When temperature is beyond the set point the light and sound alarm will be given off. If it’s higher then there will be trip of interlock.
设定值为：Set points
汽轮机轴承温度大于110 ℃报警
If Bearing temperature of turbine is over 110℃there will be alarm.
汽轮机轴承温度大于120 ℃停机
If Bearing temperature of turbine is over 120℃there will be trip.压缩机轴承温度大于105 ℃报警
If bearing temperature of compressor is above105℃there will be alarm.
压缩机轴承温度大于115 ℃停机
If bearing temperature of compressor is above115℃there will be trip.
三、防逆流保护
Anti reflux protection
为防止逆流发生，在压缩机出口管线上设置止回阀，在停车过程中其阀片可以自行快速关闭以防止管网高压气流的倒流，达到保护机组的目的。

In order to anti reflux on the discharge piping there is check valve whose valve plates can be closed automatically and promptly to prevent reverse flow of high pressure gas flow of pipe networks to fulfill the purpose of protecting the unit set.
四、防喘振控制
The control of anti surge
当管网阻力增大时，压缩机流量快速下降，当下降的一定程度时就会出现喘振，同时发出异常噪声，造成机组损坏。

为防止喘振发生，本机组设有防喘振控制回路。

When resistance of pipe networks increases, the flow rate of compressor will drop quickly, when it drops to certain degree surging will happen with abnormal noise giving off simultaneously to cause damage of compressor set. In order to prevent surging from occurring
control loop of anti-surging has been established for the unit set.
防喘振控制就是：无论压缩机的压比是多少，要保证压缩机的吸入流量比喘振流量大，才能保证压缩机安全工作。

本机组的防喘振控制采用了变极限流量法：压比(Pd/Ps)～h/Ps的计算方法，
润滑油系统包括，油箱、冷却器、过滤器、高位油箱等组成，并设置必要的测量仪表和报警联锁系统
Controlling of Anti-surging:
No matter what the pressure ratio of compressors is, the suction flowrate of compressors must be higher than surging flowrate to guarantee safety running of compressors. The method of changing flowrate limitation and the calculation method of pressure ratio(Pd/Ps)～h/Ps are adopted for anti-surging controlling of the compressors unit. The system of lubricant consists of the oil tank, the cooler, the strainer, and top petrol tank etc. And necessary measuring meters and alarm interlocks are established.
1就地测量仪表local measuring instrument
油箱液位：采用玻璃液位计
Liquid level of oil tank: glass gauge is adopted
油温：对润滑油冷却器前后机组各回油支管油温就地显示。

Oil temperature: The oil temperature of all oil return branch pipes at the back and forth of the lubricant cooler will be displayed locally.
油压：对泵出口、过滤器、总管和支管就地显示。

Oil pressure: the oil pressure at outlet of pump filter manifold and branch will be displayed locally.
2控制仪表
Control instrument
油箱液位报警、润滑油压力调节、油温报警、过滤器压差报警、高位油箱液位报警、备用油泵起动、报警、联锁回路。

Liquid level alarm of oil tank, pressure regulation of lubricant, alarm of oil temperature, differential pressure alarm of filter, liquid level alarm of head oil tank, starting of standby oil pumps, alarms, interlock loop
气体冷却器
Gas cooler
气体冷却器由壳体、管束、水箱的部件组成，在壳体下部设有排放口，工作时为排凝口。

Gas cooler consists of the shell tube bundles and water tank. There is a discharge outlet which is as condensate draining outlet set under the shell.
气液分离器
Gas-liquid separator
包括三台立式分离器，主要由壳体、封头、支座、除沫器、人孔组成。

There are three vertical type separators which mainly consists of the shell, cover, supports, demister, and manholes.
汽轮机、润滑油站、入口过滤网须根据供货厂家提供的使用说明，进行操作和维护
The operation and maintenance of turbine lubricant station and inlet filter meshes should be followed by the manual provided by the supplier.
离心式压缩机组的开停车操作
Start-up and Shut-down of Centrifugal Compressors Unit.
压缩机组运行前的准备与检查
Preparation and Inspection Before Running of Compressors Unit 汽轮机驱动机组的开停车
Start-up and Shut-down of Turbine Driving Unit
压缩机的防反转
Anti-reversion of compressors
压缩机的喘振与防喘振
Surging and Anti-surging of compressors
压缩机组运行前的准备与检查
Preparation and Inspection before Running of Compressors Unit 1、驱动机及齿轮变速器应进行单独试车和串联试车，并经验收合格达到完好备用状态。

装好驱动机、齿轮变速器和压缩机之间的联轴器，并复测转子之间的对中，使之完全符合要求。

The driving machine and gear-shift mechanism should be solo-tested and trial run to be available. The coupling among the driving machine, the gear-shift mechanism and the compressor should be installed. The centration between rotors is accordance with the requirement completely after measuring repeatedly.
2、机组油系统清洗调整已合格，油质化验合乎要求，储油量适中。

检查主油箱、油过滤器、油冷却器，油箱油位不足则应加油。

检查油温若低于24℃，则应使用加热器，使油温达到24℃以上。

油冷却器和油过滤器也应充满油，放出空气，油冷却器与过滤器的切换位置应切换到需要投用的一侧。

检查主油泵和辅助油泵，确认工作正常，转向正确。

油温度计、压力表应当齐全，量程合格，工作正常。

用干燥的氮气充入蓄压器中，使蓄压器内气体压力保持在规定数值之内。

调整油路系统各处油压，达到设计要求。

检查油系统各种联锁装置运行正常，确保机组的安全。

The oil system of compressors has been cleaned and adjusted to be qualified. The analysis of oil quality is accordance with the requirements with moderate oil storage. The main oil tank oil filter and oil condenser will be checked. And add some oil if the level of oil tank is inadequate. The oil temperature should be reached 24℃and above, otherwise the heater will be used. The oil condenser and oil filter should be also full of oil to vent air. The shift position of oil filter and oil condenser should be “on”. Both the mail oil pump and
accessory oil pump should be checked to running normally with correct rotation direction. The oil thermometer and the manometer should be available and normal with qualified range. Filling the dry nitrogen into pressure reservoir is to keep the required gas pressure in it. All oil pressure of oil system should be regulated to reach the design. And all kinds of interlocks should be checked to run normally ensuring safety of compressors unit.
检查油压，必要时通过调节阀调节进油总管的主油压（正常油压为0.245MPa(G))及各供油支管上的油压（支撑轴承润滑油进油管压力为0.09～0.13 MPa(G)，推力轴承润滑油进油管压力为0.025～0.13 MPa(G)
When checking oil pressure, the main oil pressure entering the header pipe (Normal oil pressure 0.245Mpa(G) and oil pressure at all branch oil suppliers can be regulated by control valve if necessary. (the pressure of thrust bearing lubricant entering oil pipe is 0.025to 0.1MPa(G).
检查各个出口点的观察玻璃以确保油正在流动。

The sight glass at all outlets should be inspected to make sure of flowing of the oil.
通过关闭主油泵，检查辅助油泵（电机驱动）是否正常。

The auxiliary oil pump (drove by motor) must be check if it is normal by closing the main oil pump.
当达到较低的油压值时，辅助油泵必须自动启动，之后油压必须再次达到设计值。

在主油泵再次打开之后，手动关闭辅助油泵。

When the set point of low oil pressure is reached the auxiliary oil pump must be start automatically to make the oil pressure achieve the design value. When the main oil pump is started again the auxiliary oil pump will be closed manually.
压缩机组运行前的准备与检查
Preparation and Inspection Before Running of Compressors Unit 3 、压缩机各入口滤网应干净无损坏，入口过滤器滤件已换新，过滤器合格。

The screens of all compressor suctions should be clean and intact. The accessories of filter have been changed brand new one and the filter is qualified.
4、压缩机缸体及管道排液阀门已打开，排尽冷凝后关小，待充气后关闭。

The cylinder bodies of compressors and drainage valve have been opened. And it will not be closed until after completion of draining the condensate turning it down first then gas filling.
5、压缩机各段中间冷却器引水建立冷却水循环，排尽空气并投入运行。

Cooling water circulation has been established by conveying water in to the intermediate condensers of all stage of compressor to run with
draining the air.
6、工艺管道系统应完好，盲板已全部拆除并已复位，不允许由于管路的膨胀收缩和振动以后重量影响到气缸本体。

The system of process piping is intact. The blinds have been removed and reset. Expansion, contraction and vibration caused from piping are not permitted to influence the cylinder itself.
7、将工艺气体管道上的阀门按起动要求调到一定的位置，一般压缩机的进出口阀门应关闭，防喘振用的回流阀或放空阀应全开，通工艺系统的出口阀也应全闭。

各类阀门的开关应灵活准确，无卡涩.
The valve on the process gas pipe will be set to required certain position. Generally speaking the suction and discharge valves should be closed, the return valve or vent valve for anti surging should be full open, and the outlet valve of connecting with process system should be also in full close. The switches of all kinds of valves should be flexible and accurate without stagnation.
8、确认压缩机管道及附属设备上的安全阀和防爆板已装备齐全，安全阀调校整定，符合要求，防爆板规格符合要求。

The regulated safety valve and specific bursting diaphragm on the pipes of compressors and auxiliary equipment must be confirmed to be fully equipped.
9、压缩机及其附属机械上的仪表装设齐全，量程、温度、压力及
精确度等级均符合要求，重要仪表应有校验合格证明书。

检查电气线路和仪表空气系统是否完好。

仪表阀门应灵活准确，自动控制保安系统经检验合格，确保动作准确无误。

The instrument devices on the compressors and the other auxiliaries should be complete. The measuring range, the temperature, the pressure and accuracy must meet the specification. The important instrument should have the certificates of compliance. The electrical line and instrument air system are inspected to be in good condition. The instrument valve should be flexible and accurate. The automatic safety control system is examined to be qualified and accurately. 10、机组所有联锁已进行试验调整，各整定值皆已符合要求。

防喘振保护控制系统已调校试验合格，各放空阀、防喘回流阀应开关迅速，无卡涩。

All the interlocks of compressors unit have been tested and regulated to meet the requirement. The control system of anti-surging has been adjusted to be qualified, the vent valves and return valves of anti-surging can be opened or closed promptly without stagnation. 11、根据分析确认压缩机出入阀门前后的工艺系统内的气体成分已符合设计要求或用氮气置换合格。

According to analysis the gas content of process system entering or coming out of compressor is confirmed to accord with design requirement or purged to be qualified with nitrogen.
12、盘车检查机组转子能否顺利转动，不得有摩擦和卡涩现象。

The rotors of unit should be checked to run smoothly without friction and stagnation by turning.
汽轮机驱动机组的开停车
Start-up and Shut-down of Turbine Driving Unit
◆油系统的起动start-up of oil system
◆气体置换gas purging
◆压缩机的起动start-up of compressor
◆压缩机的升压raising pressure of compressor
◆压缩机防喘振试验ant-surging test of compressor
◆压缩机的保压与并网送气keeping pressure and feeding gas
◆运行中例行检查routine inspection of running
◆压缩机的停机shut-down of compressor
油系统的起动
Start of the oil system
压缩机的起动与其他动力装置相仿，主机末开，辅机先行，在接通各种外来能源后(如电、仪表空气、冷却水和蒸汽等）先让油系统投入运行。

—般油系统已完全准备好，处于随时能够起动开车的状态。

油温若低则应加热直到合格为止。

油系统投入运行后，把各部分油压调整到规定值，然后进行如下操作：检查辅助油泵的自动起动情况；检查轴承回油情况，看油流是否正常；检查油
过滤器的油压降，灌满润滑油油箱；检查高位油箱油位，应在液位控制器控制的最高液位和最低液位之间。

Starting the compressor is similar with other power units. Auxiliary engine is started before main engine. The outer resources such as electricity, instrument air, cooling water and steam are connected before running of the oil system which has been in ready to run immediately. The oil temperature should be heated to be qualified, if it is low. When the oil system is commissioned the oil pressures of all parts will be regulated to set point. Then operation will be as follows: the automation of auxiliary oil pump, oil returning of bearing, the oil flow, oil pressure drop of filter will be checked accordingly. The lubricant oil tank is filled. And oil level of top petrol tank will be checked and controlled between the maximum and the minimum liquid level.
气体置换Purging of gas
气体置换时必须注意：Notices of gas purging
在正式引入工艺气体之前，压缩机油系统联锁调试工作应全部完成，各项试验结果均应符合设计要求。

Before normal conveying process gas the interlock regulation of compressor oil system should be finished and all test results should meet the design requirements.
对入口气体压力较高的压缩机，开启入口阀置换时应特别缓慢，
严禁气体流动使转子旋转。

Starting inlet valve to purge should be done very slowly for the compressor whose inlet gas pressure is comparatively high. Rotation of rotors caused by gas flowing is forbidden.
压缩机干气密封不漏气，各系统管道不漏，如发现泄漏要及时查明原因并设法消除。

Dry gas seal of compressors and all system piping should be intact. If any leakages can be found the reason will be inspected and confirmed in time and managed to eliminate.
压缩机的起动start-up of compressor
☐入口阀全开，防喘振用的回流阀或放空阀全开。

Inlet valve is full open, the return valve or the vent valve for anti-surging are full open.
☐全部仪表、联锁投入使用，中间冷却器通水畅通。

All instruments and interlocks are commissioned; the intermediate cooler is unblocked by passing water.
☐汽轮机运行规程的规定进行暖管、盘车、冲动转子和暖机。

Warming pipes, compressors turning, actuating rotors and heating of turbine will be done according to turbine regulations.
☐在500～1000r／min下暖机稳定运行半小时，全面检查机组，包括润滑油系统的油温、油压，特别是轴承油温度；检查调节动力油系统、真空系统、汽轮机汽封系统、蒸汽系统以及压缩
机各段进、出口气体的温度、压力，有无异常声响
Heating of turbine will be run smoothly at 500～1000r／min. Overall inspection will be done including oil temperature of lubricant system, oil pressure, especially the bearing oil temperature, the oil system to be regaulated, vacuum system, steam seal system of turbine, steam system and suction and discharge temperature and the pressure of all stages of compressors and abnormal sound to be heard.
☐机组按规定的升速曲线升速。

升速过程中，要注意不得在靠近任何一个转子的临界转速的±10％转速范围内停留。

Speed of compressors will be raised according to regulated raising curve in which any stop closing to±10％of the critical speed of rotors is forbidden.
☐通过临界转速时升速要快，一般以每分钟升高设计转速的20％左右为宜.
Speed should be raised quickly at critical speed. It’s appr opriate to rise at 20% of designed rotation speed per minute.
☐在离开临界转速范围之后可按每分钟升高设计转速的7％进行。

7% designed rotation speed per minute will be followed out of the range of critical speed.
☐从低速的500～1000r／min到正常运行转速，中间应分阶段
作适当的停留，以避免因蒸汽负荷变化太快而使蒸汽管网压力波动，同时还便于对机组运行情况进行俭查，一切正常时才可继续升速，直到调速器起作用的最低转速(一般为设计转速的85％左右)。

☐Appropriate stay for several phases in the middle of raising speed from low speed 500～1000r／min to normal rotation speed should be done to avoid pressure fluctuation of steam pipe network and to inspect the running. The speed can not be raised continually to the minimum speed (85% of designed speed) where the governor does work until everything is in normal conditions.
压缩机的升压Raising pressure of compressors
Raising pressure of compressors
☐压缩机升压(加负荷)可以通过增加转速和关小直到关死放空阀或旁通回流阀门来达到，但是这种操作必须小心谨慎，不能操作过快、过急，以免发生喘振。

Raising pressure or loading of compressors can be reached by increasing rotation speed and turning vent valve or bypass return valve from down to off. But the operation should be careful and it can not be done urgently to avoid surging.
☐出口放空阀门全关后，逐渐打开流量控制阀，此时流量主要由流量控制阀来控制。

当放空阀全关后，使防喘振流量控制阀投入自动控制。

逐渐关小流量控制阀，压缩机出口压力升
到规定值。

After closing the vent valves of discharge, the flowrate control valve will be open gradually which will control the flowrate. When the vent valve is full closed the control valve of anti-surging flowrate will be put into automation. The flowrate control valve will be turned down gradually and the discharge pressure of compressors will be raised to regulated value.
☐如果通过阀门调节，压力不能达到预定数值，则需将汽轮机升速，升速不可太猛过快，以防止发生压缩机的喘振。

If the pressure can not reach the scheduled value by regulation of valve, the speed of turbine will be raised which can not be done violently and promptly to avoid surging of compressors.
☐压缩机升压时需要注意几个问题：
Notice of raising pressure of compressors
☐升压的操作程序的总原则是在每一级压缩机内，避免出口压力低于进口压力，并防止运行点落入喘振区。

压缩机的出口阀只有在正常转速下，压缩机管路的压力等于或稍高于管网系统内的压力时才可以打开，向管网输送气体。

The general principles of operation procedures for raising pressure is to avoid the discharge pressure lower than suction pressure and to prevent the operating point from falling into surging area. The outlet valve of compressors can not be opened until the pressure of
compressors pipes equals or higher than the one in the pipe network system at normal rotation speed to conveying gas into pipes network.
☐升压时要注意控制中间冷却器的水量，使各段入口气温保持在规定数值。

Water volume of intermediate cooler should be controlled during raising pressure to maintain the inlet gas temperature of all stages within regulated value.
☐升压后将防喘振自动控制阀拨到“自动”位置
After raising pressure the automatic control valve of anti-surging will be put into “automation”
☐压缩机防喘振试验
Anti-surging test of compressors
☐在试验之前，应研究—下压缩机的特性线，查看—下正在运行的转速下，该压缩机的喘振流量是多少，目前运转的流量是多少。

然后改变防喘振流量控制阀的整定值，将流量控制整定值调整到目前运转的流量，这时防喘自动放空阀或回流阀应当自动打开。

Before testing the characteristic curve of compressors should be researched to examine the surging flowrate, running flowrate by which the set point of control valve for anti-surging flowrate will be changed to current running flowrate. And the automatic vent
valve or back flow valve should be opened automatically.
☐如果未能打开，则说明自动防喘系统发生故障，要及时检查排除。

If the automatic valves can not open it shows that there is something wrong with the automatic anti-surging system, then troubleshoot and resolved the problems.
☐压缩机的保压与并网送气
Keeping pressure of compressors and feeding gas
☐当压缩机出口压力大于工艺系统压力，并接到导气指令后，才可逐步缓慢地打开压缩机出口阀向系统送气。

When the discharge pressure is higher than process system pressure and order of conveying gas has been received, the outlet valve of compressors can be opened to send gas to system gradually and slowly.
☐当各用气部位将压缩机出口管线中气体导入各工艺系统时，随着导气量的增加，势必引起压缩机出口压力的降低。

因此在导气的同时，压缩机必须进行“保压”，即通过流量调节，保持出口压力的稳定。

When the gas from discharge pipe compressor is sent into process system by the sections needed gas the increase of conveying gas will be bound to the decrease of discharge pressure of compressors. So the compressors must be kept pressure with conveying gas
simultaneously that is to keep the discharge pressure stable by regulation of flowrate.
在调整之前，应当记住喘振流量，使调整流量不要靠近喘振流量；调整过程中应注意机组动静，当发现有喘振迹象时，应及时加大放空流量或回流流量，防止喘振。

如果通过流量调节还不能达到规定出口压力时，此时汽轮机必须升速。

The surging flowrate must be kept in mind before regulation, and regulated flowrate can not close to surging flowrate. The activities of compressors muste be cared during regulation. Once signs of surging are found the vent flowrate or back flowrate must be increased to prevent surging. If the regulated discharge pressure can be reached by regulation of flowrate the turbine must be raised speed.
运行中例行检查
The routine inspection in running
☐压缩机组在正常速度下运行时，—般要作如下的检查：
The routine inspection for running compressors at normal speed
①汽轮机进汽压力和温度；
Steam admission pressure and temperature of turbine
②抽汽流量、温度和压力；
Steam extraction flowrate temperature and pressure
③冷凝器真空度；
Vacuity of condenser
④油箱油位；
Oil level of the oil tank
⑤油温在规定范围内；
The oil temperature is the range of setting points
⑥油压(包括油泵出口油压、过滤器的油压力降、滑油总管油压、轴承油压、以及干气密封的氮气压力)；
The oil pressure(the discharge pressure of oil pump, the oil pressure drop of strainer, the oil pressure of lubricant header pipe, bearing oil pressure and nitrogen pressure of dry gas seal)
⑦回油管内的油流情况(定期从主油箱中取样进行分析)；
The condition of oil flow in oil return pipe should be sampled and analyzed from the main oil tank periodically.
⑧压缩机的轴向推力、转子的轴向位移和机组的振动水平；The axial thrust of compressors, axial displacement of rotors and the vibration of compressor unit
⑨压缩机各段进口和出口气体的温度和压力以及冷却器进出口水温。

The gas temperature and pressure at suctions and discharges of all stages of compressors, and water temperature at inlet and outlet of the condensers
压缩机的停机。