新编英语教程5Unit1HittheNailontheHead

新编英语教程5Unit1HittheNailontheHead
Unit 1
1.words related to walk (ll. 83-86)
march: walk with firm, regular steps like a soldier 齐步前进
pace: walk with slow, steady steps, especially backwards and forwards 踱方步
patrol: go at regular times round an area, building, etc. 巡逻stalk: vi. stalk out / off / away: walk stiffly, proudly, or with long steps 高视阔步地走vt.to
pursue by tracking stealthily 暗中追踪to go through (an area) in pursuit of prey or quarry
寻找，在……搜索猎物或猎场
tread (on): step on 踩，践踏
tramp: walk (through or over) with firm, heavy steps 用沉重地脚步走，长途旅行
step out: (U.S.) go outside or go somewhere (美国口语)暂时走开，走出屋外，下车，游荡
prance: move quickly, happily, or proudly with a springing step 欢悦地走，（马）腾跃
strut: vi. walk proudly or stiffly, especially with the chest pushed forward and trying to look
important 趾高气昂地走
prowl: vt (animal) hunt another animal; (man) criminal activity
vi. ~ around / about / through: move about an area quietly, trying not to be seen or heard plod: walk slowly along (trudge) 沉重缓慢地走
stroll: walk a short distance, slowly or lazily, especially for pleasure （懒散）散步，闲逛
shuffle: walk by dragging one’s feet slowly along 拖着脚走stagger: walk or move unsteadily and with great difficulty, almost falling 蹒跚
sidle: move uncertainly or secretively or in a shy way, as if not want to be noticed (羞怯或偷偷地)
侧身而行或接近
trudge: walk with heavy steps, slowly and with effort (plod) esp. because you are tired
~ home / along / through
toddle: walk with short, unsteady steps, as a small child does 蹒跚行走
ramble: go on a walk for enjoyment/pleasure 漫步
roam: wander with not very clear purpose or direction （漫无目的）漫游、闲逛
saunter: walk in an unhurried way, and esp. in a confident manner (lounge) 漫步、闲逛
meander: wander in a slow easy way not in any particular direction 漫步，散步; (a river) turn a lot:
曲曲折折地流过
lounge: move in a leisurely, indolent （不积极，懒惰）manner (saunter) 闲荡
loiter: move slowly or keep stopping when one should be going forward 走走停停
creep: move slowly, quietly, and carefully so as not to attract attention 蹑手蹑脚地走
stride: walk with long steps, especially in a hasty or vigorous way大踏步走、阔步前行
Key Points of the T ext
clumsy, awkward (l.1)
clumsy implies stiffness, heaviness, and blundering as the
source of the lack of grace awkward: lacking grace, ease, or proficiency
E.g. His clumsy attempts at the humor failed to get a conversation start.
He was quite awkward before large audiences, but very effective at small gatherings.
drive something home (l.3): force (the nail) into the right place; make something unmistakably clear 把（钉子等）打入；使明确无误
E.g. (1). He slammed the door and drove the bolt home. 他砰地关上门，把门闩插好。

(2). drive one’s point home 讲清楚自己的观点
deft (l.4): effortlessly skillful; adroit熟练的
hit it squarely on the head: hitting it directly on the head. Also hit the (right) nail on the head: (informal) be exactly right in words or action 正中要害；猜中；说得好，做得好
E.g.: Your criticism really hit the nail on the head. 你的批评确是一针见血。

loose phrase (l.6): 模糊，不确切
loose translation/style/woman 意译/不简练的文体/放荡的女人scrupulous writers: writers who are thorough, exact, and who pay careful attention to
details 一丝不苟的作家
scrupulous: correct even in the smallest detail; exact; painstaking; meticulous严格认真的,审慎的unscrupulous: 不择手段的, 肆无忌惮的, the opposite of scrupulous, seems to be more often used to describe people who do not care about honesty and fairness in getting what they want, or who are completely without principles.
Also by hook or (by) crook: to win by hook or crook
that constitutes his limitation (ll.23-24): that makes or forms his shortcoming or inability in certain respects
human vs. humane:
human: relating to or characteristic of humankind or people
E.g.: human action: action taken by man 人的行为
To err is human; to forgive, divine. 犯错人皆难免；宽恕则属超凡。

human killer: a person or a machine that kills humans 杀人凶手；杀人机器
humane: having or showing compassion or benevolence; characterized by kindness, mercy, sympathy
E.g.: humane action: merciful action 人道的行为
humane killer: that which kills but causes little pain; instrument for painless slaughter of animals 牲口无痛屠宰机，牲口麻醉屠宰机
a man of humane character温文尔雅humane studies人文学科
far afield (l.31): far away from; to or at a great distance; very far away 向远处, 远离?rife (l.38): widespread, common（流行的，普遍的）. Rife is an adjective used with something
negative.
E.g.: (1). Crime and violence were rife in this city before liberation.
(2). Typhoid fever (bird flu) is rife. 目前伤寒（禽流感）流行。

(3). This article is rife with error. 这篇文章错误百出。

singularity vs. singleness:
singularity: strangeness, oddity, peculiarity 奇特, 特性, 非凡
E.g.: singularity of mind 思想奇特；标新立异
singleness: complete devotion to; holding steadfastly to
E.g.: singleness of mind 思想专一, 专心致志
imprison: put into prison or keep in a place or state which one is not free to leave 监禁, 关押; 限制, 束缚
coercion (l.48): pressure, compulsion; government by force 强迫，压制；高压统治
E.g.: the coercion of public opinion 舆论的压力
coerce v.t.: 强制；胁迫；迫使
E.g.: coerce somebody into doing something 迫使某人做谋事coerce uniformity 强求一致
coercive adj. = coercionary adj.: serving or intended to coerce
E.g.: coercive methods (measures) 强制的方法（手段）
epitomize (l.49): be typical of; serve as the typical example of 代表，象征，体现，写… 的
梗概，作… 的纲要
E.g.: His political creed was epitomized in this report. 他的政治信念就概括在这篇报告中。

epitome[ i’pitEmi ] n.: ①典型，象征；缩影②梗概；缩写，节录
hit on (l.50): strike on; find by lucky chance or have a good idea about
（偶然或忽然）发现；碰上；找到；想到
distill (l.51): take and separate the most important parts of (a book, a subject, etc.) 提炼E.g.: distill the essence of 提取…的精华disprove (l.83): prove to be contrary; refute 反驳，证明有误
E.g.: He could not disprove the major contention of his opponents.
他驳不倒对方的主要论点。

expire (l.74): die; pass away; come to an end 死亡；过期
He died poor. / He died poorly. die like a dog/die a dog’s death/die a natural death dream a dream decease: the deceased father/husband/author
indigent: poor; lacking money and goods; poverty-stricken; penniless 贫困的，贫穷的?take courage (l.89): feel hopeful and confident about something
E.g.: It is a challenging job; but take courage and work hard at it, an d you’ll be rewarded.。