62--酒店英语-中西方餐桌文化差异
中西方餐饮文化差异中国英国
中西方餐饮文化差异中国英国中西方餐饮文化差异体现了不同国家和地区人们的生活方式、食物偏好和社会价值观念的差异。
中国和英国作为东西方的代表，其餐饮文化之间存在着一定的差异。
本文将探讨中西方餐饮文化在食物、就餐习惯和礼仪方面的不同之处。
首先，中西方餐饮文化在食物方面存在显著差异。
中国人崇尚吃的讲究和注重营养搭配，以米饭、面食、豆类、蔬菜、肉类等为主要食物，讲求“五谷为养”、“饮食不忘初心”。
中国餐桌上的菜肴种类繁多，口味多样，做工讲究，追求刀工、色香味俱佳。
而英国人则喜欢简单直接的食物，例如炸鱼薯条、烤肉、汤等。
英国人普遍对辛辣食品和浓郁的调料不太热衷，更偏爱温和的口味。
此外，英国人对于海鲜和奶制品的喜爱也较高，如鱼类、牛奶和奶油等。
对于食物的偏好和制作方法的不同，体现了中西方饮食文化的差异。
其次，中西方餐饮文化在就餐习惯上也存在差异。
中国人有独特的就餐习惯，例如使用筷子、共同吃饭、重视团圆等。
在中国传统家庭中，吃饭是亲情交流的重要时刻，家庭成员会围坐在一起，通过互相夹菜来表达亲密关系。
而在英国，就餐习惯更加注重私人空间和个人自由。
英国人更倾向于独自用餐，或与好友、同事在不拥挤的环境下就餐。
此外，英国人普遍食用速食餐品，如外卖和快餐店的便利食物，而中国人则更注重正餐和家庭烹饪。
最后，中西方餐饮文化在礼仪方面也有一定的差别。
中国餐桌上的礼仪重视尊重和传统，如提前买好礼物、主人先吃、长者优先等。
中国人注重对待客人的热情好客和周到服务，而英国人在餐桌礼仪方面更注重个人的礼节。
在英国，吃饭时不用太拘束，但仍要尊重他人的个人空间，尽量避免吵闹和粗鲁的行为。
此外，英国人在餐桌上注重用餐工具的正确使用，例如使用刀叉切割食物，而不是用手。
从礼仪上看，中西方餐饮文化体现了对待食物和人际关系的不同态度和方式。
综上所述，中西方餐饮文化在食物、就餐习惯和礼仪方面存在差异。
这些差异反映了不同国家和地区人们的生活方式、食物偏好和社会价值观念。
Differences between Chinese and Western Table Manners中西方餐桌礼仪的差异
Differences between Chinese and Western TableMannersAbstractChina is a nation of etiquette, whose table manners have a long history. In fact, western countries have their own peculiar dining custom.With the development of China’s opening-up, more and more Western culture gets into our sight. As we face with unfamiliar cultures and countries, some inevitable cultural conflicts might happen in the communication, which will seriously affect the contacts being carried out smoothly. Table manners have a decisive position in the communication between China and Western countries. During communication we will show our best image and avoid cultural conflicts. Learning and using the right etiquette will not only step up our own impression, but also promote the benefit and strife of the company.This paper mainlydiscusses the differences of table manners between the West and China from severalaspects. Knowing these differences, we can communicate well witheachother.Key Words: China, western countries, table manners, differences.中西方餐桌礼仪的差异摘要中国是礼仪之邦，其餐桌礼仪源远流长。
中西方餐桌文化差异
中西方餐桌文化差异摘要：进入21世纪以来，跨文化交际已经成为人们生活中不可或缺的内容。
由于地区差异，不同的名族、国家形成了不同的文化。
餐桌文化也是跨文化交际中非语言文化的重要组成部分。
不同的名族和国家存在着各具特色的饮食文化，具有浓郁的名族性和多样性的特点。
从跨文化的角度揭示中西方餐桌文化的差异和不同，可以使人们理解其深刻的文化内涵，探究其文化底蕴，提高跨文化意识。
关键字：中国；西方；餐桌文化；差异前言由于中西方所处的自然环境和劳动方式的不同,使中西方在餐饮礼仪方面有许多差别。
我国的饮食文化源远流长,博大精深,据文献记载:至少在周代,饮食礼仪已形成了一套相当完善的制度。
这些礼仪日臻成熟和完善,它们在古代社会发挥过重要的作用,对现代社会依然产生着影响。
西方餐桌礼仪起源于法国梅罗文加王朝,在20世纪,意大利文化流入法国,餐桌礼仪。
1.中西方餐桌文化餐桌文化由于地域、环境、风俗习惯等因素的影响，会出现在原料、口味、饮食习惯上的不同程度的差异。
中西文化之间的差异造就了中西饮食文化的差异，而这种差异来自中西方不同的思维方式和处世哲学。
中国人注重“天人合一”，西方人注重“以人为本”。
1.1中国餐桌文化中国餐桌文化的历史源远流长。
古有“民以食为天”、“丰衣足食”之说，今有“人是铁，饭是钢，一顿不吃饿得慌”的俗语。
人们把饮食文化作为生活的重要部分，常以饮食的好坏来衡量生活水平的高低。
而盛大的节日也都与饮食相关联。
由此可见，自古以来，中国人对饮食的重视一直延续至今。
另一方面，作为东方礼仪之邦，重视宴席座次礼仪、受礼仪是中国人数千年的传统。
据有关史料记载，至少在周代，我国饮食礼仪就已经初步形成，经过不断地发展变化，逐渐形成体系，并对西方餐桌文化产生一定影响。
随着时代的变迁，饮食文化正向多元化发展。
自清代以来，一些西餐礼仪被引进。
中西餐餐桌文化的交流，使得餐桌礼仪更加科学合理。
在中国，圆形餐桌颇受欢迎。
因为圆形的可以坐更多人，而且大家可以面对面坐，一家之主的身份并不像西方长形餐桌上很清楚地通过他的座位而辨认。
中西方餐桌礼仪差异英文演示文稿
1.long table
2.guests of honor sit besides them
3.The more nearer to the host and hostess, the more important he or she is.
4.Host and hostess sit at both ends
中西方餐桌礼仪差 异英文
Arrival of time
China: don’t have certain standards about arrival time. Western Countries: time is money.
After the meal During the meal Before the meal
atmosphere on table
On the table, Chinese are very enthusiastic Sitting around the table together to eat and drink, speak and laugh lonoisy ambiance.
Death
Taboos of Chinese table manners
Make sure the spout of the teapot
. is not facing anyone
Time to leave
Taboos of Chinese table manners
Don＇t tap on your bowl with your chopsticks.
Advocate freedom and consider that it is very rude and impolite to have dinner with noise
中西方饮食文化差异与中餐菜单的英译
中西方饮食文化差异与中餐菜单的英译(总11页)-CAL-FENGHAI.-(YICAI)-Company One1-CAL-本页仅作为文档封面，使用请直接删除中西方饮食文化差异与中餐菜单的英译摘要：由于地域、政治、经济、技术等诸多因素的影响，中西方文化呈现出风格迥异的姿态，同时，中西方文化的差异也造就了中西方饮食文化的差异。
地域特征、气候环境、民俗风情等条件都潜移默化地左右着中西方饮食文化的发展，使其在原料选取、口味偏好、烹调方式、饮食习惯等方面呈现不同程度的差异。
本文着眼于中西方饮食文化在饮食观念、饮食内容、烹饪方式、进餐方式、菜单命名等方面的差异，分析中西菜单翻译面临的问题与瓶颈，提炼出更为精准适宜的翻译原则与翻译方法，使中国菜单更科学合理地被西方友人理解接受。
关键词：饮食文化；文化差异；中餐菜名；翻译手法一脉相承、历久弥新的中国饮食文化是中华文明的重要组成部分，它不仅与人们日常生活息息相关，也是博大精深中华文化的载体。
随着国家博物馆对外交流活动的不断增加，国博餐厅成为展示中国饮食文化的首要窗口。
长期以来，许多到中国畅游的外国游客都以能享受到正宗地道的中国美食为主要目的，中餐已成为中外文化交流的重要媒介。
合理准确的菜名翻译不仅可以使国外友人正确理解菜单所要传达的信息，而且还能使中华美食在他们心中留下美好印象，进一步促进中华饮食文化传播。
然而，由于中西方的饮食文化存在巨大的差异，中餐菜单的英译会产生一些问题。
为了更好地向西方用餐人士传播中国饮食文化，如何更精准传神地翻译中餐菜单，避免不必要的误解便成为亟需解决的问题。
因此，只有熟悉中西方饮食文化的差异，了解中式菜肴的内涵，灵活运用相应的翻译方法，才能使外国客人更好地了解中国的饮食文化。
一、中西方饮食文化的差异饮食文化是人类不断开拓食源和制造食品的各生产领域和从饮食实践中展开的各种社会生活，以及反映这二者的多种意识形态的总称。
（林乃焱：《中国古代饮食文化》）饮食文化也是一种广谱文化，反映着人类生存与发展现状，是一种日常可见可闻的身边文化。
英文-分析中西方餐桌礼仪文化差异
Analysis on the Cultural Differences between Chinese and WesternTable EtiquetteContentsI Introduction (1)1.1 Purpose of the Thesis (1)1.2 Significance of the Thesis (1)1.3 Overview of Table Etiquette in China and Western Countries (2)1.3.1 Overview of Table Etiquette in China (2)1.3.2 Overview of Table Etiquette in Western Countries (3)II literature Review (4)2.1 Chinese Cooking Culture (4)2.2 Western Cooking Culture (5)2.3 Relevant Studies at Home and Abroad (5)III Differences between Chinese and Western Table Etiquette (7)3.1 Difference on Tableware (7)3.2 Difference on Order of Serving (7)3.3 Difference on Atmosphere (8)3.4 Difference on Sense of Time (8)3.5 Difference on Seating Arrangement (9)3.6 Difference on Eating Rules (10)IV Reasons for differences between Chinese and Western Table Etiquette (11)4.1 Different Cultural Value (11)4.1.1 The Collectivism in Chinese (11)4.1.2 The Individualism in Western Countries ........................ 错误!未定义书签。
中西方餐桌礼仪的差异英文版-英语专业毕业论文
中西方餐桌礼仪的差异Different Table Manners between China andthe West摘要不同的国家和民族由于地区差异形成了不同的文化，而不同国家的社会生活方式则形成了不同的饮食文化及餐桌礼仪。
饮食文化及餐桌礼仪是非语言文化的重要组成部分。
作为一名外语学习者，了解中西方饮食文化及餐桌礼仪方面的差异及其渊源是必要且必须的。
因为这不仅仅可以增加对所学语言文化的认识，更加有助于提高跨文化交际的成功率，避免由不合适的行为或方式所形成的误解。
本文第一部分分别对中西方餐桌礼仪做简要概括。
第二部分为本文核心，从餐具，座次，点餐及用餐氛围四个方面具体介绍中西方餐桌礼仪的差异。
第三部分从地理因素，价值观，及传统习俗入手，讲述形成中西方餐桌礼仪差异的原因。
以此三个部分展现餐桌礼仪在中西方文化交流中的重要性。
关键词：餐桌礼仪；差异；原因AbstractDifferent countries and nations have different cultures as a result of regional differences. The social lifestyle of different countries form different diet culture and table manner, which is an important part of non language culture. As a foreign language learner, it is necessary to learn the differences between Chinese and Western food culture and table manners. Because it can not only increase the comprehension of the language culture, but also help to improve the success rate of intercultural communication, so as to avoid the misunderstanding caused by improper behavior or manner. The first part of this paper gives a brief summary of Chinese and western table manners. The second part is the core of this paper, describing accurately the differences between Chinese and western table manner from four aspects that are tableware, seat arrangement, serving order and dining atmosphere. The third part introduces the reasons that the differences between Chinese and western table manner from the geographical factors, values, and traditional customs. The purpose of this paper shows that table manner plays an important role in the process of cultural communication between Chinese and western culture.Key words: Table manner; differences; Reasons;Contents摘要 (I)Abstract (II)Contents (III)1Introduction (1)2The Different Table Manners Between China and West (2)2.1Difference in Dinnerware22.2Differences in Serving Order32.3Differences in Seat Arrangement42.4Differences in Atmosphere53The Reasons (7)3.1 Geographic Factor (7)3.1The View of Value73.2Traditional Culture84Conclusion (9)References (10)1IntroductionTable manner refers to the common polite eating standard in human society. On the contrary, some behaviors when eating are regarded as rude and destroying other’s appetite. In accordance with different culture of different countries, there are different table manners.According to the literature, Chin Chinese daily life. Whereas, table manner has high statue. While eating with traditional Chinese family, we have to respect their traditional culture and custom. Table manner occupies a important place in the modern Chinese life order. They think that eating is not just to meet the basic physical need, but also essential social experience. Therefore it is particularly important to master some ceremonial knowledge about Chinese table manner,ese table manner has formed a quite complete system since Zhou Dynasty. This traditional banquet are still remaining in most parts of China. As the saying goes, food is the paramount necessity of the people. In this way can we see that eating diet plays a significant role in whether you are a host or a guest.Western table manner originated in Merovingian Dynasty, France affected by the Byzantine culture. At the Roman Empire Time, table manner became more complex and autocratic. The emperor, sitting in the tallest chairs, must receive the dishes taken by the ministers when music was sounded. Before the seventeenth century, eating with hat was the traditional custom. In the imperial era, different nations have different eating habits as table manner is more cumbersome and harsh. When the Romans ate lunch, they usually lied on the chairs. Before eating, British put their hands on the leg, while French put their hands on the table. European table manner is developed on the basis of knights spirit. In the twelfth century, the Italian culture spread to France so that table manner became elegant and refined. Today, there hasformed a complete set of table manners.2The Different Table Manners Between China and West2.1Difference in DinnerwareChopsticks, which have a long history of 3000 years, are the typical Chinese tableware consistent with the traditional "harmony" thought. There are three notes that we must pay attention to about the use of chopsticks: first, place chopsticks neatly on the right side of the bowl before eating. Second, do not use chopsticks to make a sound, lick chopsticks, or point at anyone with chopsticks. Taking particular notice, do not insert the chopsticks in rice or pasta, because it is very similar to the ancient ritual candles and symbolizes infelicity. Chopsticks are necessary, as are spoons, plates, cups, napkins, toothpicks. The spoon is used for soup or other small morsels of food. Proper soup is at three-quarter of the bowl. Remember not to put soup too full to smear the table cloth or clothing. In general, the big plates are for a variety of dishes, small plates for the food dish to hold the incoming food from the public plates. Too many things are not proper in the table cover so as to avoid oil to spill, and put thorns on the front end of the plate. Napkins are often used in some large hotels. Before dinner, the waiters will prepare a hot wet towel for the guests. A small handleless wine cup cup is usually on the left of the dish for the Chinese alcohol.Western dinnerware are mainly the knife and fork which were widely used by France in the European continent in the 18th century. Westerners using knife and fork is consisted with their culture about nomadism and maritime, which shows vividly that they are competitive and adventurous. Before eating, knife and fork are placed inaccordance with the rule : left fork and right knife both sides of the plate respectively, with the blade took inward. When eating, right hand take the knife to cut food without blade outward, while left hand use the fork to eat food. If not to eat temporarily, one should place knife and fork in "eight" shape with the blade toward oneself. When the meal is finished, the fork should be raised on the back and the blade is folded inward with the fork. Besides knife and fork, spoons, napkin, glass are also essential for Western dinner. Spoons are divided into two types: soup spoons and sweet spoons. A large spoon is next to the knife, while small dessert spoon are placed on the top of the dessert dish. When drinking soup, one should take the spoon with the right hand. After drinking, one should place it in the opposite side of the plate. The napkin is usually prepared on the plate before the meal.The wine glasses are placed with the order : liqueur glass, red wine glasses, champagne glasses, beer mugs. And the type of wine is the same as the type of wine. The wine glass is usually on the right side of the knife.2.2Differences in Serving OrderIn Chinese banquet, appetizers, the first dish, are sometime made of four kinds of cold platet. Representative appetizers are the bean cured mixed with hopped green onion, cold cuts ox-trip and so on. After the cold plate, four hot plates are followed that usually are fried shrimp, fried pork and so on. Hot plates can be not served if guests do not want. There are two points when serving hot plate. First, the waiter ought to serve from the left of the opposite seat of the most important guest. Second, waiter could not put the heads of the animals for example chicken to point at the chief seat because it is a really unlucky behavior. The following are the main course, also known as large dishes, will be taken on the table. If the menu is marked "eight pieces", it says that there are a total of eight main course. The number of courses in the main course is usually four, six, eight and other even, since the Chinese people think that even is the the symble of good luck. In the luxurious banquet, the numbers of main course even can be up to ten kinds of species. These dishes are made ofdifferent materials, added acid, sweet, bitter, spicy, salty flavors, with fried, steamed, boiled, fried, roasted, fried and other cooking methods .Most of the order of the dishes are matched interactively, for example, combining light taste with oily and great taste. Soup is the end. Desserts, such as small steamed bread filled with bean paste, almonds and so on, are provided after the main course. Last are the fruits, which are good for digesting.In western banquet, the appetizer is also the first dish which is specialty. As for the first dish, it usually match with aperitif. It is westerners’ favorite snack with acid and crisp taste. The second dish, extremely different from China, is soup which is classified generally into five categories: vegetable soup, cold soup, cream soup, pureed soup,and clear soup. Next is side dish, also called fish dish, including a variety of seafood such as shellfish and mollusks for the seafood is full of nutrition and good for lung and eye. The fourth dish is main course, which also known as poultry or meat dish. Delicious steak or lamb is the most common main course. After greasy meat dish, it is right time for salad, refreshing vegetable dish, such as tomato, broccoli, onion and so on. The following dish are desserts which have many different kinds. They can be chocolate cookie, croissant, mousse cake, macaronis. Coffee is the final drinking, which can be added milk and sugar according to your own taste. It also has different kinds such as blue mountain coffee, latte, mocha and so on.2.3Differences in Seat ArrangementIn the Chinese table manner, at the beginning, let guests attend the seats, then please the elderly sit next to the guests. One should seat from the left side of the chair. When sitting on the chair, one should not move the chopsticks, or make noise, let alone walks casually. Host invites guests to have seats and should not let guests sit close to the place where dishes are served. If you are the master, you should point at a chair and say to the guest with a gentle tone: "please sit here." There are three fundamental way for sitting arrangement: first, taking the seat that master sits as a sign, the guests on his right is honor, comparatively speaking, the left is of lowerposition. Second, first host should sit towards the main door so that shows the distinguished identification, then the guests of honor sit on the right of master. As for deputy chief guests, they should sit on the left. Third, if the position of the guest of honor is superior to the host, the host is able to ask guest whether he wants to have a seat where the host should have seated, and if the guest says yes , then the host should sit on the right of main seat. However, if the guest is so modest that he refuses to do it persistently, host should stop it. While in the family banquet, the older are the most reputable.Western people believe the same principle that the right is honor and the left is low as Chinese. As soon as hostess tells guests that the dinner is ready, the host will introduce the guests to have a seat. If you are a careful master, you will take nametag on the table in order to show seats for everyone. however, the seat arrangement is usually followed the rule that female and male sit separately without name cards. Host’s seat is on the right of hostess. The other couples are diagonally seated. Couple sitting individually shows the opening and lively nature of the American banquet. They hope that the banquet can be used to enhance the relationship of each other and relaxing atmosphere. “ Lady first’’ is generally followed in seat arrangement when people have a dating and hold some informal occasion. When a gentleman shares a supper with a woman, the gentleman ought to make sure that woman sits inside and sits far from the aisle in case that waiter or other customers run into her. If there are many people, men should lead the women sit in the middle．What is more, men pulls the chair for woman and then lets women sit. But if there are just two man having dinner, the junior sit outside.2.4Differences in AtmosphereWhen When Chinese people have delicacies from land and sea they often talk of everything under the sun, which shows that hostess is so passionate and hospitable. Besides, lively table atmosphere can reflect t he guests’ joy. The active atmosphere reflects the happiness of family, and harmony of the nation in a sense. Chinese peopleusually prepare a wild variety of dishes for the guests who are invited to have dinner, which is no less than seven or eight dishes. The more delicious and expensive the dishes are, the more honorable guests appear. The words between the meal can exactly express the modest characters of Chinese. Although the hostess elaborates perfectly, she would say: Hope you bear with me that the dish does not cook well. Please forgive me, I just prepare a little food. Or some modest words similar like this. At the middle time of the dinner, the host and hostess will take food for the guests with serving chopsticks. Then ask gu ests: “ Do you enjoy the dish? Would you like some more?’’ And sooner later, the host will ask this again and again. The guest would answer : The dish is really delicious, I would like just a little more. The words are mixed up with a little shame.By contrast, in the western countries, people think that excessive noise is rude, and only the quiet and orderly atmosphere can show noble. There not exist these phenomenons such as persuading to drink alcohol and carrying food for others. This reflects the respect for the individual in the western culture. People hardly talk with each other but to cut and eat their food with fork quietly. They avoid making noise while eating and drinking. Even if they have something important to talk, they keep the sound that both of them can heard only. While in western dinner, there are four or five dishes. If it is at home, the guest had better eat all of the food, so the hostess will be very happy because of her good cook. Usually, host simply say to guest: help yourself. When the host ask: would you like more fried chicken? The guest just answer according to himself. If he is full enough, he said: no, thanks. If not, he should answer: yes, I would like some more chicken. After dinner, guest would say it was out of the world! So delicious! I licked the plate clean. or I made a pig of myself. In this way can make hostess happy.3The Reasons3.1 Geographic FactorChina is located in the east Asia-Europe continental monsoon climate zone, rain and heat over the same period, very suitable for growing plant, which forms Chinese people's plant character. Most western countries are located in temperate maritime climate zone, which is the perfect place for natural pasture. So western people are fond of meat. For Europeans, pasture means food, and food means survival, which in turn leads to their expansion and the formation of aggressive character. There are big animals such as cattle and sheep in the vast ranch, so their diets are mainly steak and lamb, and thus have the argument that is "from Berlin to Los Angeles, steak is a taste". This is why milk from Europe and the United States is spread into China. The forming of different tableware is also related to geographical factor. Chopsticks originate from the place where there is bamboo. More wood in the north, more bamboo in the south, ancestors use local materials, cutting bamboo and wood for making chopsticks. Anyway, chopsticks play an indispensable role in Chinese daily life. Knife and fork later than the chopsticks is the representative of Western tableware, which originated in the ancient European living nomadic habits. Meat is so hard that they have to invent the suitable tableware. Before and after the 15th century, there appeared two- teeth fork, the emergence of four- teeth fork in the 18th century. They cut down and eat meat as soon as it cooked. From then on, western people use knife and fork as their tableware.3.1The View of ValueIn China, a state of ceremony, table manner reflects Chinese "solidarity" collectivist values. During the dinner, seat arrangement can give expression to it obviously. Chinese people emphasis that to respect the old and cherish the young, to be filial first. Relatively speaking, in western countries, the value of individualism occupies aposition of importance, which shows individual valve and strength. Because they emphasis personality development, self-expression in their philosophical thought. They believe that it is not fate but your own laziness to contribute to your failure. During Chinese dinner, seniority would give dish to the junior so that displays their kindness to children. This is lively and harmonious atmosphere conforming to Chinese traditional value. On the contrary, western people eat their own food and pick up food they want to have. They refuse others to force themselves eating food they do not like. Different from Chinese traditional food culture, western diet is more rational, more emphasis on science and health. Regarding nutrition as the highest standard, they eating food is just like adding a fuel to a biological machine, with particular emphasis on the nutrition of the food. Whether the amount of Protein, carbohydrates, fats, vitamins and all kinds of inorganic elements is reasonable, whether the supply of calories is proper, whether nutrients can be fully absorbed by the body, which are the westerners’ focus. Western diet that demonstrate strong pragmatism and utilitarianism will not combine the diet with spiritual enjoyment together. Chinese diet has always been pursuing the taste as the primary purpose of eating. A folk saying goes: "hunger breeds discontentment, and whether the food is delicious or not depends on taste. Chinese create a lot of cooking methods in order to make dish tasteful. Even if the dish name is poetic. Making food and eating food have special cultural connotation, to a certain extent, which is the embodiment of the art. Although we attach importance to eating for keeping in good health, our cooking methods result in a lack of many nutrients in the process and it is one disadvantage.3.2Traditional CultureThe different national ethnic and historical development can lead to different history. Confucianism and Taoism are the origin of Chinese traditional culture, which have a long and profound influence on Chinese society. Faith, propriety, righteousness, wisdom, benevolence are the core of Chinese traditional culture. While in western countries, Judea-Christian Culture is the core of western traditional culture. Theybelieve that God is the master of all things. Later, Puritan claim a new idea that is individual success must rely on individual hard work and struggle.In the book Culture on Dinner Table, Mr. Yi Zhongtian said that the collectivism is the core thought of Chinese culture while the individualism is western corn thought. So Chinese have dinner around a big table and share the common food. On the contrary, western people eat their own food picked by themselves.In China, especially in ancient times, women are not allowed to participate in formal banquets which is identical to the Chinese traditional feudal thought males are supposed to be worth more than the other sex. In the book of the Chinese, Lin Yutang even said: "since the primitive times, women has not occupied the deserved status in the Chinese people's blood." In the Chinese traditional culture, woman has been in a subordinate position. Although Chinese women’s status been significantly improve d, when there exist collision between the "old" principle and the "lady first" principle, Chinese choose the former instead of later. On the contrary, westerners are in a democratic and open society, so they advocate respect for women. "ladies first" is a traditional culture in the west, and an absolutely necessary etiquette in social activities. Women can enjoy many traditional customs of the knight: When a woman enters a restaurant, the men that invents her has to stand up; and in front of the table, the man should take the chair for the lady.4ConclusionNow we can learn the difference between Chinese and Western table manner in a general way. When we have business meals with western people or we travel to western countries, we should follow their table manner for we are the represents of China and we are qualified Chinese. What is more, we are able to know the deep cultural connotation from the several reasons of forming the differences.In recent years, with the rapid development of China, the trade and culturalexchanges between China and Western countries have become more and more frequent. Comparing the difference of table manner between China and west, we can see that it is important to improve the international image of our country, strengthen the cultivation of personal qualities, and promote the further cooperation between China and the west.ReferencesYi, Zhongtian. 2006. Gossip Chinese. 2006. Shanghai Literature and Art Press.Feng, Yuzhu. 2005.Learning about Table Manner. University of International Business and Economics Press.Sapir Edward. nguage: An Introduction to the Study of Speech. The Commercial Press.Chen, Fensen. 2007. Chinese Diet in China. China Social Science Press.Zhao, Rongguang. 2008. Introduction to Chinese food culture. Higher Education Press.Feng, Xinru and Xu Yanping. 2013. [The comparative study of Chinese and Western table manners from the perspective of cross culture communication]. Yu Wen Zhou Kan. 92-93.Lu, Qiaodan. 2008. Zhongxi caiyao duibi ji zhongshi caiyao yingyi fangfa tanjiu [A comparative study on the naming of Chinese and Western cuisine and the methods of translating Chinese cuisine]. Journal of Shenyang Agricultural University(Social Sciences Edition). 607.Lu, Wenwen. 2009. [Cultural Differences between Chinese and Western Traditional Festival Diet].Journal of Shanxi Normal University(Philosophy and Social Sciences Edition). 112-114.。
中西方餐桌礼仪差异英语教学文案
中西方餐桌礼仪差异英语Differences between Chinese and Western table mannersWith the development of global economy, cross-culture communication has become more and more frequent, and the differences between Chinese and western culture have become more obvious, especially the differences of table manners.Arrangement of seat in ChinaIn China, people used to use the number of the tables to define the size of banquet. In small banquets which have two tables, the table on the left or farther to the portal is the top table. At bigger banquets that have three or more tables, the rules are much more complicated.Generally, seats that closer to the top table take precedence. For example, on the wedding party, family members of the bride or the leaderships are arranged to the table that closest to the top table. Hosts show their reverences to the guests by arranging seats by this way.Seats at one table also have different meanings. In Chinese table manner, the seat opposite to the door is the honor seat, which is for chief guests or elders; the seats beside are the second honor seat which are for other guests; the seats that opposite to the honor seat are the inferior seat. Inferior seats are for the host and hostess.So before the banquet, hosts should first invite the chief guest or elders to the honor seat, and then invite other guests to the second honor seat. Hosts sit down on the inferior seats after all the guests sit down.Arrangement of seat in WestWestern people prefer long table to round table when entertaining friends. The host and the hostess seat at both end of the table, while guests seat at other seats. The chief guest sits at the upper right side of the hostess, and the wife of the chief guest seats at the upper right side of the host.In China, left is honor and right is secondary. While in western, right is honor and left is secondary. The proper way to take the seat in western is to sit by the left hand. It is better not to walk out before the banquet is finished.Tablewares between China and WestChinese table wares involve chopsticks, small dish, bowl and glass. Chopsticks and spoon are always put together on the right hand of the plate. Toothpick and ashtray are also necessary.Chopsticks are the main table wares in Chinese food culture. It is impolite to use chopsticks to clean tooth, or pick other things that aren’t food. It is also bad manner to talk with chopsticks in hand.The right way to use spoon is: scoop the food, and wait for seconds to make sure that the soup will not splash out, and then move the spoon back. It is impolite to put the spoon in to mouth, or lick the spoon over and over again.In western meals , they use so much table wares with different kinds and sizes. the use of table wares also shows different food culture in different countries, the main table wares in western are knives, forks , spoons , glass and napkin.Knife is used to cut food and fork is used to carry food into mouth. during the dinner, you should put them on both sides of the plate, and knife and fork should be put in the way that looks like the Chinese word “八”.You can also use them in a way that handle knife in your right hand and fork in the left hand. Soup spoon is always put on the outermost right side, together with the knife. Dessert spoon is put together with dessert knife and fork.Different atmospheres at tableNoisy and quiet is the main different of table atmosphere between Chinese and western. Chinese table atmosphere always noisy and always the noisier the better. While western table atmosphere is quiet.. In China,people begin to talk at the time they sit down, and they would keep talking during the whole dinner. Everybody at the table talking, drinking, eating, and enjoying the pulsating atmosphere. Noisy atmosphere can reflect the guests’ happiness from their hearts.Westerners also talk at table, but they talk quietly and keep the voice at the stage that can only be heard. You can not make noises when drinking soup. Chewing with your mouth closed and do not making noises when eating.The way to finish eatingAt Chinese dinner table, after eating, the chopsticks should put orderly at the right side of the bowl, and leave after the host signals to leave. Hosts should signal after all the guests put down their chopsticks.At western dinner table, the ways to finish eating is to put the knife and fork together on the plate parallel, with the fork’s back side up and the knife’s edge inside.Through comparing the table manners of Chinese and Western countries and keeping pace with the changing world can be more meaningful to all people.。
中西方餐桌文化差异对比
中西方餐桌文化差异对比中西方的餐桌文化具有一定的差异，反映了不同地区的人们对饮食习惯、礼仪规范等方面的不同理解和认知。
下面将从用餐时间、餐桌布置、用餐礼仪等方面对中西方的餐桌文化做一比较。
首先，中西方的用餐时间有所不同。
在西方国家，一天的主要饮食活动分为早餐、午餐和晚餐。
早餐通常是较丰盛的一餐，人们会吃面包、麦片、煎蛋等等。
午餐一般是工作日的主餐，更为简单，速食、快餐在此时消费最为频繁。
晚餐是一天中最重要的餐食，家人会聚在一起，有着比较宽裕的时间享受晚餐。
而在中国，除了三餐之外，还有早餐和夜宵。
早餐是中国人最重视的一餐，人们会吃稀饭、包子、油条等等。
夜宵是晚上吃的小吃，餐厅、夜市都会开放供应夜宵。
其次，中西方在餐桌布置上也有所不同。
在西方国家，餐桌上通常会摆放餐盘、餐铺、餐巾等基本餐具。
一般来说，每个人都有自己的专用餐具，不同的菜品也有对应的餐具搭配。
同时，西餐注重餐桌的美感，餐具的材质、颜色搭配、装饰等都非常讲究。
相比之下，中国的餐桌布置更加简约朴实。
正式场合时，中国会用筷子、陶瓷餐具、红色桌布等富有传统文化氛围的元素来装点餐桌。
重要的是，中国人非常重视座位的重要性，通常会为客人留一个最好的座位。
最后，在用餐礼仪上中西方也存在差异。
西方国家在用餐时注重文明礼仪，餐前用餐巾擦拭双手与口，进餐时要坐直，不发出噪音，不谈论粗俗话题等。
同时，西方人在用餐时经常会用刀和叉，习惯用刀切食物，不使用手指。
对比之下，中国人使用筷子，讲究使用左手执杯。
当主人给客人夹菜时，客人要表示感谢，如果不喜欢，要委婉地谢绝，尽量保持餐桌表面干净，不发出响声。
总之，中西方的餐桌文化差异主要体现在用餐时间、餐桌布置、用餐礼仪等方面。
这些差异反映了不同地区人们对于饮食习惯、礼仪规范等方面的不同理解。
无论是中西方的餐桌文化，都体现了食物与人们社交和交往的重要性，是人们文化认同和身份认同的一种体现。
中西方餐桌文化对比的英语作文
中西方餐桌文化对比的英语作文Table manners and dining customs vary greatly between the East and the West, reflecting the cultural differences that have evolved over centuries. This essay aims to explore and compare some of the key aspects of dining etiquette in Chinese and Western cultures.In Western culture, dining is often a moreindividualistic affair. Diners are typically servedindividual portions and are expected to eat only what is on their own plate. The use of utensils is standardized, with forks and knives being the primary tools for eating. The fork is held in the left hand and the knife in the right, and switching hands is considered a faux pas. Western diners also tend to start with a salad or appetizer, followed by the main course, and ending with dessert.On the other hand, Chinese dining customs are more communal. It is common to share dishes placed in the center of the table, and diners use chopsticks to pick food from shared plates. The concept of 'family-style' dining is prevalent, where multiple dishes are served simultaneously, and everyone at the table partakes in the variety of foods. Chinese meals often begin with soup and proceed with a series of dishes that may include meat, fish, vegetables, and rice, with dessert being less common.Another notable difference is the approach toconversation during meals. In Western dining, it is customary to engage in conversation while eating, and silence is often seen as awkward. However, in Chinese culture, there is a belief that one should not speak with a full mouth, and thus conversation is often limited until one has swallowed their food.The role of alcohol also differs. In Western settings, wine is often served with meals, and it is common to toast at the beginning of the meal. In Chinese culture, alcohol is also an integral part of dining, but it is often used as a means of social bonding and respect, with toasts being made throughout the meal to honor guests and hosts.Finally, the concept of finishing one's food is viewed differently. In Western dining, leaving a small amount of food on one's plate is acceptable and sometimes even expected as a sign that one is full. In contrast, in Chinese culture, finishing all the food on one's plate or taking the last piece from a shared dish can be seen as impolite, as it may imply that the host did not provide enough.In conclusion, the comparison between Chinese and Western table cultures reveals a rich tapestry of customs and etiquette that are deeply rooted in each society's history and values. Understanding these differences can lead to greater appreciation and respect for the diverse ways in which people around the world come together to share a meal.。
中西餐桌礼仪的差异英语作文80词
中西餐桌礼仪的差异英语作文80词Differences in Table Manners Between Chinese and Western CuisineWhen it comes to dining etiquette, there are distinct differences between Chinese and Western cultures. Understanding and respecting these differences can help avoid misunderstandings and make dining experiences more enjoyable for people from both backgrounds.In Chinese cuisine, it is common for dishes to be placed in the center of the table for all to share. The use of chopsticks is the traditional way to eat, and it is important to use them properly to avoid offending others. It is also considered polite to wait for the host or elder to start eating before digging in.In contrast, Western cuisine typically involves individual plates for each person at the table. Utensils such as knives, forks, and spoons are used to enjoy the meal, with specific rules for how to hold them and use them correctly. It is also common to wait for everyone to be served before starting to eat, and to keep your hands visible on the table at all times.Another key difference is the use of napkins. In Chinese culture, napkins are not commonly used at the table, while inWestern culture, it is considered essential to place a napkin on your lap to protect your clothing.Overall, understanding and respecting these differences in table manners can help create a more harmonious dining experience for everyone involved. By being mindful of cultural traditions and customs, we can all enjoy the shared experience of food and company.。
中西方餐桌文化差异
中西方餐桌文化差异餐桌文化是各国文化差异的一个重要体现，它涉及到各国饮食习惯、餐具使用、礼仪规范等方面。
中西方餐桌文化有着明显的差异，下面将从用餐方式、餐具使用、礼仪规范等几个方面进行比较。
首先，在用餐方式上，中西方存在较大的差异。
在中国，人们习惯共享一张大桌子，所有人坐在一起，菜品一起放在桌子中央。
大家可以自由地取用菜肴，碗筷是每个人自己用的。
而在西方，人们习惯分散坐着，每个人都有自己的小桌子。
菜品是分开摆放的，每桌有专门的服务员负责送菜。
西餐是通过盘子、刀、叉等餐具来取用食物的，餐具也有专门的使用规范。
其次，在餐具使用上，中西方也存在一定的差异。
中国人使用筷子来夹取食物，从共享菜肴中选择自己喜欢的部分。
而西方人使用刀叉来进食，他们使用叉子左手插着食物，用刀右手切割食物。
西餐刀叉的使用要遵循一些规范，比如刀叉不能交叉放置、刀叉用完后要平放在盘子上等。
此外，西餐中还有特殊的餐具，比如面包刀、鱼刀等，使用时也需要掌握一定的技巧。
再次，在礼仪规范上，中西方也有较大的差异。
中国人在用餐时注重团结、和谐的氛围，大家可以随意交流，互相助人夹取菜肴。
中国餐桌上，老人和上级的座位一般比较靠前，对于年长者也要注意让座。
而在西方，用餐时要注重独立性，不轻易夹取他人的食物。
西方人将餐桌看做是一个私人空间，每个人都有自己的餐具。
在应酬场合，西方人注重用餐期间的谈话禁忌，比如不谈论政治、宗教等敏感话题。
最后，在用餐时间安排上也存在差异。
中国人习惯用餐时间较为灵活，可以在午饭和晚饭之间稍事休息。
而西方人有固定的用餐时间，一般是中午12点和晚上6点。
西方人会按照约定的时间准时到达，吃完饭后会迅速离开。
总体来说，中西方餐桌文化存在一定的差异。
中餐强调共享、和谐，使用筷子取用食物。
而西餐注重独立性，使用刀叉进行进食。
在礼仪规范和用餐时间安排上也存在差异。
了解并尊重不同文化的餐桌习惯是促进跨文化交流的重要一环。
中西方的饮食习惯和餐桌礼仪差异
中西方的饮食习惯和餐桌礼仪差异
目录
中西方的饮食习惯和餐桌礼仪差异
1
中西方的饮食习惯和餐桌礼仪差异体现在多个方面。这些差异不仅反映了两种文化对饮食的不同理解 和追求，也体现了人们对生活方式和社交礼仪的不同态度
从饮食习惯来看，中西方存在显著的差异。中国人饮食注重口味和营养的平衡，以五味调和、饮食养
需求选择食物
此外，中国人习惯于围桌而坐，共享饭菜，这体现了团圆和和谐的价值观。而西方人则更倾向于分餐
4
制，每个人根据自己的需求选择食物，这体现了个人独立和自主的价值观念。在用餐时间上，中西方 也有所不同。中国人习惯于边吃边聊，吃饭时间较长，这体现了中国人对生活的悠闲和享受的态度。
而西方人则更注重效率和节奏，吃饭时间较短，这反映了他们快节奏的生活方式和时间观念
2 生为原则。而西方饮食则更注重食物的营养和热量，以及食物的来源和烹饪方式。因此，中西方餐桌
上常见的食物种类和烹饪方式有着很大的不同
餐桌礼仪方面也存在差异。在中国，餐桌礼仪讲究尊重长辈、主人，以及宾客之间的互动。吃饭时，
3
晚辈和下属会主动为长辈和主人夹菜，以示尊重。而在西方，餐桌礼仪则更注重个人的独立性和自我 表达。在吃饭时，人们更注重自己的独立性，不会为他人夹菜或为自己夹菜，而是根据个人的口味和
中西方的饮食习惯和餐桌礼仪差异
01
总的来说，中西方在饮食习惯和餐 桌礼仪上存在显著的差异
这些差异反映了两种文化对饮食的
02
不同理解和追求，也体现了人们对
生活方式和社交礼仪的不同态度
因此，在跨文化交流中，我们需要
03
尊重和理
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中西餐桌文化差异(英文)
Westerners treat with a long table, men and women sit in the owner at both ends, and then the guest of honor men and women in the press and the general order of the guests seating arrangements.
Chopsticks are used to eat most kinds of Chinese foods.Hold your chopsticks towards their end, not in the middle or the front third when dining with them. When you are not using your chopsticks, or have finished eating, lay them down in front of you with the tips to left.
In China, any banquet, only will have one form, will be everybody sits in a circle all round. The banquet must use the round table, this formally has created one kind of unity, politeness, altogether the interest atmosphere. The delicacy delicacies place a table of person's center, it is not only the object which table of people appreciate, taste, is also a table of person sentiment exchange intermedium.
中西方餐桌礼仪差异英语【范本模板】
Differences between Chinese and Western table manners With the development of global economy，cross—culture communication has become more and more frequent, and the differences between Chinese and western culture have become more obvious，especially the differences of table manners.Arrangement of seat in ChinaIn China，people used to use the number of the tables to define the size of banquet. In small banquets which have two tables, the table on the left or farther to the portal is the top table. At bigger banquets that have three or more tables, the rules are much more complicated.Generally, seats that closer to the top table take precedence. For example，on the wedding party，family members of the bride or the leaderships are arranged to the table that closest to the top table. Hosts show their reverences to the guests by arranging seats by this way.Seats at one table also have different meanings。
中外餐桌文化差异英语作文九年级
中外餐桌文化差异英语作文九年级Differences between Chinese and Western dining table cultureChinese and Western dining table culture are two representative dining cultures in the world. Each culture has its own unique characteristics, which reflect the different values, customs and etiquette of the two civilizations. In this essay, we will explore the differences between Chinese and Western dining table culture from several aspects, including seating arrangement, table manners, meal structure, and food choices.First of all, seating arrangement is one of the most obvious differences between Chinese and Western dining table culture. In Chinese dining culture, people often sit around a round table with a rotating center, allowing everyone to have the opportunity to share dishes with each other. The seating arrangement is usually based on hierarchy or age, with the most important or eldest person occupying the seat of honor facing the entrance. In contrast, in Western dining culture, people usually sit at a rectangular table in a fixed position, with the host or hostess sitting at the head of the table. The seatingarrangement is often based on social status, with the most important guests sitting closest to the host or hostess.Secondly, table manners also differ between Chinese and Western dining table culture. In Chinese dining culture, it is common to use chopsticks and a spoon to eat rice and other dishes, and it is considered impolite to rest chopsticks on the table or wave them around. In addition, slurping noodles and making noise while eating is seen as a sign of enjoying the food. On the other hand, in Western dining culture, people use knives, forks, and spoons to eat, and it is important to hold utensils correctly and keep elbows off the table. It is also considered rude to talk with food in the mouth or make loud noises while eating.Furthermore, meal structure is another area where Chinese and Western dining table culture differ. In Chinese dining culture, a typical meal consists of several dishes that are shared among diners, including a meat dish, a vegetable dish, a soup, and rice or noodles. The meal is usually balanced in flavors, textures, and colors, with each dish representing one of the five elements (metal, wood, water, fire, and earth). In Western dining culture, a typical meal consists of several courses served in a specific order, including an appetizer, a main course, a salad, a cheese course,and a dessert. Each course is usually served on its own plate and eaten with specific utensils.Finally, food choices also vary between Chinese and Western dining table culture. In Chinese dining culture, people often eat a wide variety of foods, including seafood, poultry, pork, beef, lamb, vegetables, fruits, and grains. Some popular Chinese dishes include Peking duck, Kung Pao chicken, sweet and sour pork, and fish-flavored eggplant. In Western dining culture, people also enjoy a diverse range of foods, including beef, chicken, pork, lamb, fish, vegetables, fruits, and dairy products. Some popular Western dishes include steak, roast chicken, spaghetti Bolognese, and apple pie.In conclusion, Chinese and Western dining table culture are two distinct dining cultures that reflect the values, customs, and etiquette of the two civilizations. The differences between the two cultures can be seen in seating arrangement, table manners, meal structure, and food choices. By understanding and appreciating these differences, we can gain a deeper insight into the rich diversity of dining cultures around the world.。
有关中西方餐桌文化差异的英语作文
有关中西方餐桌文化差异的英语作文Differences in dining cultures between the East and the West have always been a fascinating topic of exploration. Both cultures have their unique practices and customs surrounding dining, reflecting the values and traditions of each region. In this essay, we will delve into the various aspects of dining culture in both East and West, examining how they differ and what insights we can gain from these differences.In the East, particularly in countries like China, Japan, and Korea, dining is often seen as a communal and social activity. It is customary for people to share dishes and engage in conversation while dining together. Sharing food is a sign of camaraderie and mutual respect, and it reinforces the bond between individuals. In contrast, Western dining is more individualistic, with each person having their own plate of food. This reflects the emphasis on individuality and personal space in Western cultures.Another striking difference between East and West is the use of utensils. In the East, chopsticks are the primary eating utensil, used for picking up food and bringing it to the mouth. Chopsticks require a certain level of skill and dexterity to use effectively, and mastery of this tool is considered a mark ofsophistication. In the West, the fork and knife are the standard utensils, used to cut and spear food before eating. This reflects the emphasis on efficiency and practicality in Western cultures.The way food is prepared and served also differs between East and West. In the East, food is often served in small,bite-sized portions, meant to be shared and enjoyed slowly over the course of a meal. This allows diners to savor the flavors and textures of each dish and encourages conversation and social interaction. In the West, food is typically served in larger portions, meant to be eaten individually and quickly. This reflects thefast-paced nature of Western societies and the emphasis on convenience.The types of food consumed in each culture also reflect their respective values and traditions. In the East, rice is a staple food, symbolizing abundance and prosperity. Rice is often served as a main dish, accompanied by vegetables, meats, and other side dishes. In the West, bread and other grain-based foods are the main staples, reflecting the emphasis on agriculture and industry in Western cultures. Meat is also a prominent feature of Western cuisines, symbolizing wealth and luxury.The concept of dining etiquette is another area where East and West differ. In the East, there are strict rules and customsgoverning how food should be eaten, how dishes should be shared, and how to show respect to elders and hosts. For example, it is considered impolite to leave chopsticks sticking upright in a bowl of rice, as this is reminiscent of funeral rituals. In the West, dining etiquette is more relaxed, with emphasis on table manners and basic courtesy.Overall, the differences in dining cultures between East and West highlight the diverse ways in which people around the world approach food and dining. By exploring and understanding these differences, we can gain a deeper appreciation for the values and traditions that shape our respective cultures. Ultimately, food and dining are universal experiences that bring people together, regardless of their cultural background.。
中西餐桌礼仪文化的差异初中英语作文
中西餐桌礼仪文化的差异初中英语作文Differences in Table Etiquette Culture between Chinese and Western MealsTable etiquette is an important part of dining culture in both Chinese and Western societies. While there are some similarities between the two, there are also key differences that reflect the unique customs and values of each culture. In this essay, we will explore the distinctions in table etiquette between Chinese and Western meals.One of the most noticeable differences between Chinese and Western table manners is the way in which food is served and eaten. In Chinese culture, dishes are typically placed on a rotating table, allowing everyone to share and sample a variety of dishes. It is common for diners to use chopsticks to pick up food and to place it directly into their mouths. In contrast, Western meals are often served in courses, with each diner receiving their own plate of food. Westerners typically use a knife and fork to cut and eat their food, and it is considered rude to eat with one's hands.Another difference in table etiquette between Chinese and Western cultures is the way in which diners interact with eachother. In Chinese meals, it is common for diners to serve each other food and to make toasts with their glasses. This reflects the importance of communal dining and socializing in Chinese culture. In Western meals, however, diners are expected to focus on their own plates and to engage in polite conversation with those seated nearby. It is considered impolite to interrupt others while they are speaking or to make loud noises while eating.Furthermore, there are differences in the way in which diners signal their satisfaction with a meal. In Chinese culture, it is customary to belch or slurp loudly after a meal as a sign of appreciation for the food. This is seen as a way of complimenting the chef and expressing gratitude for the meal. In Western culture, however, belching and slurping are considered rude and unappetizing. Instead, diners are expected to express their gratitude verbally, by thanking the host or chef for the meal.In conclusion, the differences in table etiquette between Chinese and Western meals reflect the unique customs and values of each culture. While there are some similarities in the way that food is shared and enjoyed, there are also key distinctions that highlight the importance of communal dining and socializing in Chinese culture, as well as the emphasis on politeness and individual enjoyment in Western culture. Byunderstanding and respecting these differences, diners can better appreciate the rich diversity of dining traditions around the world.。
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Lay … on…
Put up the bowl
Don't stick the chopsticks upright in the bowl.
point at anyone with your chopsticks
stick your chopsticks into your food
Sometimes, the Chinese host (主人) use their chopsticks to put food in others bowl or plate. This is a sign of politeness（有礼貌、客气）.
Western tableware
Serving order
starter
soup
main course
dessert
drinks
Starters
Soup
Main course
Dessert
Drinks
+ In the West, you have your
own plate of food, while in China the dishes are placed on the table and everyone shares
Make the elders have a sit first.
In China
Wash you hands before each meal.
Don’t speak too loudly.
You’d better not eat too fast or too much.
Don't speak with your mouth full of food.
+ 白兰地(Brandy)杯： + 杯口小、腹部宽大的矮脚酒杯。杯子实际容量虽
然很大(240-300毫升），但倒入酒量(30毫升左右 ）不宜过多，以杯子横放、酒在杯腹中不溢出为 量。饮用时常用手中指和无名指的指根夹住杯柄 ，让手温传入杯内使酒略暖，从而增加酒意和放 香。倒入不超过1/3为佳。
+ Remove the food with your fork and
put
napkin on the chair, when you leave the seat for a while
+ Unfold the napkin and fold it half
before putting it on your lap
打开餐巾， 对叠， 放在大腿上
+ Use the napkin to gently wipe your
+
杯身较矮，杯肚较宽，杯口较大，方 便我们把丽杯的杯身宽
，而杯口微微略窄。杯内任何部位的容量 都是在5-7盎司之间，这使得杯中有足够的 空间摇晃酒液及小口品酒。它的杯柄比较 长从而可以使杯中的酒尽可能的冰凉。
+ 雷司令(Riesling)杯：雷司令杯比霞多丽杯要窄一
勺儿留在汤碗或茶杯里
+ Talk with your mouth full
满口食物时讲话
+ Chew with your mouth opened
咬食物时把嘴巴张开
+ Burp / Hiccup 打嗝
+ Use your tongue to remove the residues
in between your teeth
会出错啦。。。。
+ After completion, place the soiled
napkin at the left of your place setting
用餐完毕, 把用过的餐巾放在摆设的左手边
+ Break the bread with your fingers into
small piece small enough for one bite, butter it
酒
+ 西餐的特点是令人在用餐的同时，享
受一种优雅、浪漫和温馨。酒是一种 能够营造浪漫氛围的特殊饮品，所以 酒在西餐中有着特殊的地位，不仅种 类多，而且各有各的配菜，各有各的 喝法。
Champagne – chilled 香槟 – 冰镇 + White wine – chilled 白葡萄酒 – 冰镇 + Red wine – room temperature 红葡萄酒 – 室 温 (Don’t add ice on the above 以上酒类不要加冰)
用手指把面包一小块的撕开来, 涂黄油
+ Do not butter the entire piece of bread at
one time 不要把整块面包涂上黄油
+ Don’t start drinking the wine until the host
says “cheer”
在主人家说 “举杯” 前, 不要喝酒 + Hold the glass stem and sip 举杯时拿着杯的下半部细啜 + No bottoms up except drinking beer 除了喝啤酒, 一般都不会干杯 + No drinking and eating at the same time 不要同时进食和喝饮料
+ 用舌尖在牙缝中找食物
+ Shake your leg underneath the table
+ 摇/抖腿
+ Keep your elbows on the table
+ 肘子放在桌上 + Apply lipstick at the table after a meal
+ 温馨提示：
+ 如果不会，就跟着别人做，这样就不
mouth. Don’t blow your nose into your napkin
餐巾只用作轻擦嘴边。不可用来擦鼻子
+ Place the napkin on the arm/back of the
chair if you need to be excused
如要离座, 把餐巾放在椅柄/背上
+ Knife, fork, spoon 刀, 叉, 勺儿 + Work from outside in 由外到内
+ Resting – separate the knife and fork on
暂停进食 - 把刀和叉分开放在盘子上, 刀锋向内, 叉尖向 下
the plate, blades facing in / prongs down
Good! Good! Very Delicious!
在西方，一般说来，面对门的离门最远的 那个座位是女主人的，与之相对的是男主 人的座位。女主人右手边的座位是第一主 宾席，一般是位先生，男主人右边的座位 是第二主宾席，一般是主宾的夫人。女主 人左边的座位是第三主宾席，男主人的左 边的座位是第四主宾席。
put in on your place
用叉把食物从口中拿出来方在盘子上
+ Try to cover it with vegetables
尽量用蔬菜盖住
+ Slurp when drinking soup or eating
noodles
喝汤和吃面条时发出声音
+ Keep the spoon inside the bowl or cup
些，但又高一些。雷司令杯的杯形设计主要是为 了将酒中的水果香味集中在酒杯的上半部分。杯 的容量在6-7盎司之间。长长的杯柄使得酒能够保 持冰凉状态；雷司令生性的甜味要求酒必须保持 冰凉
+ 香槟杯(Champagne)：
+ 杯身细长，像一朵纤细的郁金香，纤长的杯身是
为了让气泡有足够的上升空间。标准的香槟杯， 在杯子底部有一个尖的凹点，这个设计可以让气 泡更丰富，更漂亮。香槟杯也可以用来品尝冰酒 ，不过小瓶口会减弱冰酒散发的香气。
+
Chinese are very proud of their culture of cuisine（菜肴） and will do their best to show their hospitality.
第三: 要适时地和左右的人聊几句风趣的话. 不要不管别人,也不要狼吞虎咽地大吃一顿,更 不要贪杯.
+ Brandy, whisky, dessert wine …
白兰地, 威士忌, 餐后酒 …
+ 波尔多（Bordeaux）红酒杯：
杯身较长，杯口较窄，令酒的气味聚集在杯口 + 波尔多的杯子也适用于除了勃艮第之外的其他 红葡萄酒， + 因为大部分葡萄酒酒杯都是根据波尔多的风格 去做的。
+
+ 勃艮第（Burgundy）红酒杯：
+ Done – place the knife and fork
向内, 叉尖向上
paralleled on the plate – blades facing in / prongs up用餐完毕 - 把刀和叉平衡放在盘子上, 刀锋
+ After meal fold the napkin
and place it loosely near plate + Napkin should not be crumpled（压皱） or twisted + At informal occasion is Once seated put napkin on used to clean up mess lap(大腿） that occurred during meal
东西方 餐桌文化 差异