新概念英语2Lesson57CanIhelpyou

新概念英语2Lesson57CanIhelpyou
§Lesson 57 Can I help you,madam?
一课文
1.★hesitate v.踌躇，犹豫，不愿意
hesitate to do sth
hesitate about sth
eg. (1)Don't hesitate about that. Do it at once.
(2) He did not hesitate to ask her to sit beside him.
(3) She hesitated slightly before answering the inspector's question. hesitation n.
eg. Any hesitation on the part of the government will be seen as weakness without hesitation毫不犹豫: Without hesitation he refused my request.
2. The assistant who served her did not like the way she was dressed.
（两个定语从句；dress，穿着，打扮。

）
(1) dress sb给某人穿衣服: Mother is dressing her baby.
I dress myself.:自己给自己穿衣服
反身代词是不能做主语的,故: I am dressed
(2)the way可以直接加定语从句, 不需要引导词
a. I don’t like the way she eats. 我不喜欢她吃饭的样子
b. The way she eats annoyed me. 她吃饭的样子让我烦
c. I cooked in the way you taught me.
3.Glancing at her scornfully, he told her that the dress was sold.
（现在分词结构作状语；被动表示动作完成）
4.scornfully adv. 轻蔑地; 藐视地
eg. (1) A well-fed man speaks scornfully of food.
(2) He withdrew deeply and scornfully into his cell.
他藐视周围的一切,深深缩回到自己的心狱里去。

(3) The lady carelessly and scornfully abstracts her attention.
夫人漫不经心地,倨傲无礼地把注意力转移到别处去了。

5.★punish v. 处罚, 严厉对待, 惩罚; 惩罚
Eg. (1) Motorists should be severely punished for speeding.
(2) The teacher punished her students for cheating in the exam punishment惩罚/ capital punishment极刑
6.She returned to the shop the following morning dressed in
a fur coat, with a handbag in one hand and a long umbrella in the other.
(过去分词短语作状语；伴随状语)
eg. He walked in the park with a dog behind him.
7.After seeking out the rude assistant, she asked for the same dress.
(1) 现在分词结构代替时间状语从句后，保留连词after。

类似情况还有：
a. Since phoning you this morning, I’ve changed my plans.
b. While trying to open the bottle, I cut my hand.
(2) seek out 固定短语，“找出”、“搜寻出”
a. He sought out the thief in the crowd.
b. Seek him out quickly. I want to speak to him.
8.Not realizing who she was, the assistant was eager to serve her this time.
(1) 现在分词短语代替一个分句位于句首时，其否定形式时在它前面加上not, without 或never 等否定词。

a. Not/without/Never hesitating for a momengt, he ran after the thief.
b. Not being able to open the door, I asked my neighbour for help.
(2) 像eager, glad, pleased, sorry等描述感觉的形容词作表语时
后面往往跟不定式：
a. They are all eager to come.
b. I’m pleased to work with you.
9. ★serve vt. vi.
(1)帮佣，当仆人，给…干活
Mary served (in) the family as a cook for more than ten years.
(2)服务；服役；供职：
a. Have you ever served in the army?
b. She served the firm as a secretary for two years.
(3)接待（顾客）：
a. The assistant was eager to serve her this time.
b. Tom served in a restaurant when he was 18.
10.With great difficulty, he climbed into the shop window to get the dress.
with引导的方式状语:
a. With care, she put the vase on the shelf.
b. He lifted the box with ease/difficulty.
11.She enjoyed herself making the assistant bring almost everything in the window before finally buying the dress she had first asked for.
enjoy onself doing sth. “从…中得到乐趣”：
a.He enjoyed himself making the dog run afer beggars.
二词汇辨析
make 与let
(1)make + 名词/代词+不带to的不定式表示“迫使”、“致使”：
a.That beard makes you look much older than you really are.
b.What made him change his mind?
在被动语态中含有上述意义的make后面必须带to:
a.He was made to work fourteen hours a day.
b.He was made to change his mind.
(2)let 有两种用法，一是用于祈使句，建议包括说话者在内的人采取某一行动：
a.Let’s not waste any more time
b.Let’s take a taxi.
其否定形式除let’s not…外也可以用Don’t let’s…:
Don’t let’s waste any more time.
Let的第2种用法是表示“允许”，其结构与make相同，即let + 名词/代词+不带to的不定式。

若宾语是us，则不能缩写成let’s:
a.Please let us have more time, will you?
b.I won’t let you ride my bicycle
c.Let him speak.
let一般不用于被动意义来表示“被允许”，这时可用allow:
They didn’t let us speak.
We were not allowed to speak.
三语法：
(1) 用于表示地点和位置的介词和副词in, at, off
at: 居住地点、工作地点、停留地点
in: 表示里面或被包围的含义
off: 常与动词连用，表示位置的变化，即“与…分离”，译为“脱落”、“脱掉”，反义词为on
eg. a. I stopped at London on the way to New York.
b. I live in London.
c. —Shall we meet at the hotel?
—Yes, I’ll wait for you in the bar.
d.The handle of my suitcase has come off.
e.He took the cup off the shel
f.
(3)描写人时，in表示穿着，with 表示身上的某个具体特征或随身穿着什么：
a.John looks ver y handsome in that uniform, does n’t he?
b.The mam with a beard over there is Sam.
c.There’s a woman with a red hair over there.
d. A child came along with a brown dog.。