2022年考研考博-考博英语-电子科技大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷(带答案)试题号：20

2022年考研考博-考博英语-电子科技大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖
析AB卷（带答案）
一.综合题(共15题)
1.
单选题
Do you have any（）about what living beings on other planets would be like?
问题1选项
A.ideal
prehension
C.notion
D.intelligence
【答案】C
【解析】句意:你对生活在其他星球上的生物的样子有什么概念吗？
考查名词辨析。

ideal 理想，典范;comprehension理解，领悟能力; notion概念，想法；intelligence 智力，情报，聪颖。

因此C符合句意。

2.
单选题
Mrs. Deborah could not help exclaiming against the（）of her master, and especially against his suffering her to conceal the father of the child.
问题1选项
A.bias
B.clemency
dness
D.justice 【答案】B
【解析】句意: Deborah夫人忍不住指责丈夫的宽容，特别是允许她对孩子父亲隐瞒的做法。

考查名词辨析。

bias 偏见，偏爱；clemency 仁慈，温和，宽容，宽厚； mildness 温和,温暖;justice 司法，法律制裁，正义，法官。

根据后半句句意可知B符合句意。

3.
单选题
The device can（）different measurements by electronics means.
问题1选项
A.imitate
B.copy
C.mock
D.fake
【答案】A
【解析】句意:这个设备能通过电子手段来模拟不同的尺寸。

考查动词辨析。

Imitate模仿,仿效,模仿(某人的讲话、举止); copy 复制,抄袭;mock 愚弄,嘲弄;fake 捏造,假装…的样子。

故A符合句意。

4.
单选题
These books are both interesting and instructive, no wonder they（）the reading public.
问题1选项
A.appeal to
B.apply to
C.approve of
D.ascend to
【答案】A
【解析】句意:这些书既有趣又有教育意义，难怪它们对广大读者有吸引力。

考查短语辨析。

appeal to 呼吁，上诉，对…有吸引力；apply to适用于，应用于；approve of 赞成；ascend to 上溯，上升。

根据前半句句意“这些书既有趣又有教育意义”可知A符合句意。

5.
单选题
She was so fat that she could only just（）through the door.
问题1选项
A.assemble
B.appear
C.squeeze
D.gather
【答案】C
【解析】句意:她如此胖，以至于只能挤过这扇门。

考查动词辨析。

assemble 聚集，集合，收集;appear 出现，显得，似乎，看来；squeeze 挤，紧握，勒索；squeeze through 挤过，勉强通过;gather 收集，收割，使……聚集。

故C符合句意。

6.
单选题
His argument does not suggest that mankind can（）to be wasteful in the utilization of these resources.
问题1选项A.resort
B.grant
C.afford
D.entitle
【答案】C
【解析】句意:他的论据未标明，人类在这些资源的使用上能浪费得起。

考查动词辨析。

resort 常去，求助，诉诸，resort to 依靠，求助于；;grant 授予，允许，承认，grant to 同意给予，准予；afford 给予，提供，承担得起;afford to （有条件）做，承担得起，负担得起；entitle 给……称号，使……有权利。

因此C符合句意。

7.
单选题
Luckily, there were no secondary infections and both of the patients（）.
问题1选项
A.lived
B.revived
C.survived
D.existed
【答案】C
【解析】句意:幸运的是没有继发感染且这两位病人活下来了。

考查动词辨析。

四个选项均为对应动词的过去式。

Live住,居住,生存; revive (使)苏醒,复活,重新使用; survive生存,存活,继续存在,幸存; exist 存在,实际上有,生活。

故C符合句意。

8.
单选题
In the United States, older people rarely live with their adult children. But in many other
cultures children are expected to care（1）their aged parents. In some parts of Italy, the percentage of adult children who（2） with their parents（3）65 to 70 percent. In Thailand, too, children are expected to care for their elderly parents; few Thai elderly live（4）. What explains these differences in living arrangements（5）cultures? Modernization theory（6）the extended family household to low levels of economic development. In traditional societies, the elderly live with their children in large extended family units for economic reasons. But with modernization, children move to urban areas, leaving old people（7）in (8) rural areas. Yet modernization theory cannot explain why extended family households were never common in the United States or England, or why families in Italy, which is fully modernized,（9）a strong tradition of intergenerational living. Clearly, economic development alone cannot explain（10）living arrangements.
Another theory associated intergenerational living arrangements with inheritance patterns. In some cultures, the stem family pattern of inheritance（11） . （12）this system, parents live with a married child, usually the oldest son, who then（13）their property when they die. The stem family system was once common in Japan, but changes in inheritance laws, (14) broader social changes brought（15） by industrialization and urbanization, have（16）the（17）. In 1960 about 80 percent of Japanese over 65 lived with their children; by 1990 only 60 percent did~a figure that is still high（18）U.S. standards, but which has been（19）steadily. In Korea, too, traditional living arrangements are（20）: the percentage of aged Koreans who live with a son declined from 77 percent in 1984 to 50 percent just 10 years later. Although most elderly Koreans still expect to live with a son, their adult children do not expect to live with their children when they grow old.
问题1选项
A.about
B.after
C.for
D.over
问题2选项
A.reside
B.recite
C.redeem
D.rebel
问题3选项
A.amasses
B.amounts
C.attains
D.reaches
问题4选项
A.lone
B.alone
C.lonesome
D.lonely
问题5选项
A.over
B.across
C.within
D.above
问题6选项
A.associated
B.linked
C.united
bined
问题7选项
A.aside
B.after
C.over
D.behind
问题8选项
A.isolated
B.segregated
C.idealized
D.secluded
问题9选项
A.maintain
B.promote
C.reserve
D.support
问题10选项A.appointed
B.assigned
C.preserved
D.preferred
问题11选项
A.controls
B.overtakes
C.predominates
D.overwhelms
问题12选项
A.at
B.under
C.by
D.over
问题13选项
A.delivers
B.conveys
C.conceives
D.inherits
问题14选项
A.as well as
B.might as well
C.as well
D.well as
问题15选项
A.off
B.up
C.around
D.about
问题16选项
A.undermined
B.decreased
C.diminished
D.defeated
问题17选项
A.authority
age
C.habit
D.tradition
问题18选项
A.by
B.on
C.with
D.in
问题19选项
A.inclining
B.reclining
C.declining
D.reducing
问题20选项
A.receding
B.removing
C.invading
D.eroding
【答案】第1题:C 第2题:A
第3题:D
第4题:B
第5题:B
第6题:B
第7题:D
第8题:A
第9题:A
第10题:D
第11题:C
第12题:B
第13题:D
第14题:A
第15题:D
第16题:A
第17题:D
第18题:A
第19题:C
第20题:D
【解析】1.固定搭配。

Care about 担心,关心;care for 照顾；没有care after 和care over这样的搭配。

2.动词辨析。

Reside 居住在,定居于; recite背诵,叙述；redeem 赎回,挽回；rebel 反叛,反抗。

此处表示“与…住在一起”,故选A。

3.动词辨析。

amass 积聚，积累；amount 总计，合计；相当于，共计，amount to 相当于，总共达到;attain （通过努力）获得，达到（目的）；reach 达到，影响，抵达，伸出；由空格后“65 to 70 percent (65%至70%)”可知D符合句意。

4.形容词辨析。

lone（adj.）单身的，独自的，寂寞的；alone （adj.）独自的，单独的，孤独的；（adv.）独自地，单独地；lonesome 寂寞的，人迹稀少的；lonely 寂寞的，偏僻的。

空格前为动词live(生活),因此空格处应为副词。

故选B。

5.固定搭配。

across culture 跨文化的。

其余选项为: over 越过，在…之上；within 在…之内；above 超过，在…上面。

6.短语辨析。

associate 联想，使联合，使发生联系，常与介词with搭配，associate with 联合；与……联系在一起，和……来往；link 连接起来，将人或物连接或联系起来，常与介词to搭配，link to 链接到，把……和……联系起来;unite 使……混合，使……联合，使团结，常与with搭配。

unite with 联合，混合；combine 使化合，使联合，使结合，常与with搭配，combine with 与……结合。

题目中空格处与后面介词to搭配,因此选B。

7.短语辨析。

由空格前句意“但是由于现代化,子女搬到城市地区”可知这里表示“从而将老年人留在了农村”。

Leave behind 留下。

其余选项构成的搭配为:leave aside 搁置,不考虑;leave after 无此搭配;leave over 推迟,延期。

8.形容词辨析。

isolated 孤立的,分离的,单独的；segregated 被隔离的（常用于种族隔离）；idealized 理想化的；secluded 隐蔽的,隐退的,隐居的。

此处句意为:但是由于现代化，子女搬到城市地区,将老人留在了孤立的农村。

因此A符合句意。

、
9.动词辨析。

maintain 维持,维修,主张;promote 促进,推销,发扬;reserve储备,保留,预约;support支持,支撑,赡养。

此处句意为:或者为什么彻底现代化的意大利家庭仍然保持着一种强烈的代际生活传统。

因此A符合句意。

10.形容词辨析。

appointed 约定的,指定的;assigned 指定的,已分配的;preserved得到保存的,腌制的;preferred 更可取的,更喜欢的。

此空前一句句意为: 或者为什么彻底现代化的意大利家庭仍然保持着一种强烈的代际生活传统。

因此此处表示“显然,单靠经济发展不能解释更喜欢的生活安排”。

故D符合句意。

11.动词辨析。

四个选项均是对应动词的三单形式。

control 控制,管理;overtake 赶上,突然来袭;predominate 占支配地位,主宰;overwhelm 淹没,压倒,受打击。

根据后面句子中的“The stem family system was once common in Japan(这种继承式的家庭体系曾经在日本是普遍的)”可知C符合句意。

12.固定搭配。

under this system 在这个体系下。

13.动词辨析。

这里表示“继承遗产”。

四个选项均为对应动词的三单形式。

Deliver 交付,发表,递送;convey 传达,运输;conceive 构思,以为;inherit 继承。

故选D。

14.固定搭配。

由全格前“changes in inheritance laws继承法的变化”与全格后“broader social changes更广泛的社会变化”的对应知这里指代“更广泛的社会变化也…”,故选A。

15.短语辨析。

这里指代“工业化和城镇化所带来的更广泛的社会变化”, bring about 带来。

其他选项分别为: bring off 完成,救出;bring up提出,养育,呕出,（船等）停下;bring around 使信服;使转向,使复原。

16.动词辨析。

四个选项均为对应动词的过去分词形式。

undermine破坏，渐渐破坏;decrease 减少,减小;diminish 使减少,使变小;defeat 战胜,挫败。

空格后句意为: 在1960年，大约80%的年龄超过65岁的日本人与自己的子女生活在一起；到1990年时只有60%年龄超过65岁的日本人与自己的子女生活在一起……,因此这里表示“传统正受到逐渐破坏”,故A符合句意。

17.名词辨析。

authority 权威,权力;usage 使用,用法;habit 习惯,习性;tradition 惯例,传统。

空格后句意为: 在1960年，大约80%的年龄超过65岁的日本人与自己的子女生活在一起；到1990年时只有60%年龄超过65岁的日本人与自己的子女生活在一起……,因此这里表示“传统正受到逐渐破坏”,故D 符合句意。

18.固定搭配。

by standard 按标准。

19.动词辨析。

选项均为对应动词的现在分词形式。

incline 倾斜,倾向,易于;recline 靠,依赖;decline 减少,下降,衰落;reduce削减,缩减。

由空格后句子句意“韩国老人与自己儿子生活在一起的比例从1984年的77%下降到仅十年后的50%”可知C符合句意。

20.动词辨析。

选项均为对应动词的现在分词形式。

recede撤回,减弱;remove 移动,迁移,删除;invade 侵略,侵扰,涌入;erode 腐蚀,损害,削弱。

由空格后句意“韩国老人与自己儿子生活在一起的比例从1984年的77%下降到仅十年后的50%”可知这里表示“传统的生活安排正受到损害”。

故D符合句意。

9.
翻译题
A popular way of mustering innovative and fresh ideas is to hold a brainstorming session —but according to a paper published recently in Applied Cognitive Psychology, this may not be the best approach. The study, which was carried out by Nicholas Kohn of the University of Texas at Arlington and Steven Smith of Texas A&M University, suggests that instead of enhancing creativity. brainstoiTnin.u sessions may give rise to a “collaborative fixation” on certain ideas.(1)
In keeping with previous studies, the authors first found that participants produced fewer ideas in total when taking part in a brainstorming session than if they had been working separately. The difference was as high as 44% in the first 5 minutes of a brainstorming session. The authors also found that when working separately particii)ants explored a greater variety of ideas, up to 55% more idea categories than dm.ing brainstomiing sessions. (2)
In a second experiment, the researchers found that participants in a brainstorming session tended to conform to ideas to which they were exposed, and the rate of conformity increased as the number of ideas exposed increased. (3) The authors wrote in their paper “Fixation to
other people’s ideas can occur unconsciously and lead to you suggesting ideas that mimic your brainstoniiin»partners.’’ (4)Thus, you potentially become less creative,” Kohn explains in an accompanying press release. This doesn’t necessarily mean that you should ban brainstorming sessions from your lab meetings. You might just need to adjust the format. It seems odd, but, depending on what you want to achieve, the best approach might be to put everyone in a separate room. “Assuming it is desirable to have a wide variety of ideas or solutions to a problem...then one should split the brainstorming group into non-interacting individuals, avoiding a gro up session,” the authors write in their research paper. “On the other hand, if the goal is to explore a few categories in depth, then interacting among the members should be encouraged. Also, taking a break might help alleviate fixation, leading to an impr ovement in ideation, especially in temis of the quantity and variety of ideas. (5)’’
【答案】1.集体研讨会议不但没有提高创造性，反而可能在某些想法上会引起“合作的固定”。

2.作者们也发现，参与者独自工作吋会探讨出更多种类的想法，其数量比集体研讨会议上高出多达55%。

3.集体研讨会议的参与者倾向于顺应自己所接触到的想法，而这种顺应的比率随着所接触的想法数量的增加而增加。

4.“对其他人的想法的固执己见能不知不觉地发生，并且会导致你提出模仿你集体研讨会议伙伴的想法。

”
5.另外，休息一下可能帮助缓和固执己见，从而导致尤其是在想法数量和种类方面的思维能力的提高。

10.
单选题
Several international events in the early 1990s seem likely to（）, or at least weaken, the trends that emerged in the 1980s.
问题1选项
A.revolt
B.revolve
C.reverse
D.revive
【答案】C
【解析】句意:90年代初期发生的若干国际事件，似乎有可能逆转或者至少能够缓解80年代出现的趋势。

考查动词辨析。

revolt 叛逆，反抗，不及物动词,故排除；revolve旋转，环绕，不及物动词,故排除。

Reverse 颠倒，逆转。

Revive （使）苏醒，复兴，复活。

根据句意“或者至少能够缓解”可知C正确。

11.
单选题
The boy never attempted to（）any excuse for being late.
问题1选项
A.fluctuate
B.fabricate
C.lubricate
D.manipulate
【答案】B
【解析】句意:这个男孩从不会捏造任何迟到的借口。

考查动词辨析。

fluctuate 使波动，动摇；fabricate 制造，捏造;lubricate 使润滑;manipulate 操作，处理。

空格的宾语是excuse(借口),因此B符合句意。

12.
单选题
There are many kinds of metals,（）its special properties
问题1选项
A.each having
B.every having
C.each has
D.one has
【答案】A
【解析】句意:这里有很多种金属，每一种都有它特有的属性。

语法题。

考查独立主格。

“its special properties它特有的属性”的逻辑主语是空格前“metals金属”,因此这里使用独立主格结构来表示补充说明。

13.
单选题
It is an offence to show（）against people of different races.
问题1选项
A.distinction
B.difference
C.separation
D.discrimination
【答案】D
【解析】句意:对不同种族的人表现出歧视是一种冒犯。

考查名词辨析。

distinction区别，特性;difference差异，不同;separation分离，距离;discrimination 歧视，区别，辨别。

故D符合句意。

14.
单选题
Her interest in redecorating the big house kept her（）for a whole week.
问题1选项
A.constrained
B.dominated
C.restricted
D.occupied
【答案】D
【解析】句意:她热衷于重新装饰这大房子，为此她整整忙活了一周。

考查形容词辨析。

constrained 限制的，制约的;dominate（动词）主宰，主导，keep sb. dominated表示使…居于领先地位;restricted 局限的，限制的；occupied有人使用(或居住)，被占领的，被侵占的，keep sb. occupied 表示使某人忙于做某事。

因此D符合句意。

15.
单选题
We should maintain our cultural（），which represents the deep memory of our nation.
问题1选项
A.agency
B.tendency
C.legacy
D.fancy
【答案】C
【解析】句意:我们应该维护好代表我们民族最深刻记忆的文化遗产。

考查名词辨析。

Agency服务机构,(尤指)代理机构; tendency 偏好,性情,趋势; legacy 遗产,遗赠财物,遗留; fancy想象的事物,想象(力)。

故C符合句意。