2022年考研考博-考博英语-暨南大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷(带答案)试题号:82

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2022年考研考博-考博英语-暨南大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析
AB卷(带答案)
一.综合题(共15题)
1.
不定项选择题
With human footprints on the moon, radio telescopes listening for messages from alien creatures (who may or may not exist), technicians looking for celestial and planetary sources of energy to support our civilization, orbiting telescopes’ date hinting at planetary systems around other stars, and political groups trying to figure out how to save humanity from nude warfare that would damage life and climate on a planet-wide scale, an astronomy book published today enters a world different from the one that greeted books a generation ago. Astronomy has broadened to involve our basic circumstances and our mysterious future in the universe. With eclipses and space missions broadcast live, and with NASA, Europe, and the USSR planning and building permanent space stations, astronomy offers adventure for all people, an outward exploratory thrust that may one day be seen as an alternative to mindless consumerism, ideological bickering, and wars to control dwindling resources on a closed, finite Earth. Today’s astrono my students not only seek an up to-date summary of astronomical facts: they ask, as people have asked for ages, about our basic relations to the rest of the universe. They may study astronomy partly to seek points of contact between science and other human endeavors: philosophy, history, politics, environmental action, even the arts and religion. Science fiction writers and special effect artists on recent films help today’s students realize that unseen worlds of space are real places—not abstract concepts. Today’s students are citizens of a more real, more vast cosmos that conceptualized by students of a decade ago.
In designing this edition, the Wadsworth editors and I have tried to respond to these developments. Rather than jumping at the start into murky waters of cosmology, I have begun with the viewpoint of ancient people on Earth and worked outward across the universe. This method of organization automatically (if loosely) reflects the order of humanity’s discoveries about astronomy and provides a unifying theme of increasing distance and scale.
1. This passage is most probably taken from().
2. The author’s main purpose in writing the first paragraph is().
3. The author thinks that the growing interest in space exploration among people on Earth will probably lead to().
4. The author believes that today’s astronomies students().
5. In the last paragraph, the underlined expression “these developments” refers to all of the following EXCEPT().
问题1选项
A.the preface of a piece of science fiction
B.an article of popular science
C.a lecture given by the author to astronomy students
D.the introduction of a book of astronomy
问题2选项
A.to discuss in detail the most recent achievements in space research
B.to explain the background and new features of to day’s astronomy
C.to illustrate that the world today is different in many aspects from that of a generation ago
D.to introduce some newly established space stations
问题3选项
A.the realization of permanent settlement on other planets
B.more disturbance not only on Earth but also in outer space
C.orders, harmony and peace on our planet Earth
D.all people having chances of travelling in space
问题4选项
A.are better-informed about the unseen worlds of space
B.may learn more about man and his research in various fields through the study of astronomy
C.no longer care about astronomical facts
D.are much brighter than students of a generation ago
问题5选项
A.the world-wide involvement in space exploration
B.humanity’s new achievements in the field of astro nomy
C.the new concepts about the universe acquired by today’s astronomy students
D.the development of science fiction and special effects of films
【答案】第1题:D
第2题:B
第3题:C
第4题:B
第5题:D
【解析】第1题:判断推理题。

文章最后一段提及In designing this edition, the Wadsworth editors and I have tried…“在设计这个版本时,Wadsworth的编辑和我试图……”,由此可知文章摘自一本书的序言,而本文都是在讲述关于天文学方面的,所以推测是天文学类书籍,所以D选项“一本天文学书籍的序言”符合题意。

A选项“科幻小说的序言”,科幻小说对象不正确;B选项“一篇科普文章”与原文第一段an astronomy book published…“一本天文学书籍……”不符;C选项“作者给天文学学生的演讲”,文章的形式并不是演讲,所以C错误。

因此D选项正确。

第2题:主旨大意题。

原文第一段主要讲述的是人类在天文学方面的研究扩展和特点。

B选项作者写第一段的目的是“来解释今天天文学的背景和新特征”符合题意;A选项“详细讨论太空研究的最新成果”,第一段只是简单介绍并未详细讨论,所以A错误;C选项“说明今天的世界与一代人以前在许多方面不同”,只是说明研究的新进展,并不是世界的不同;D选项“引进一些新建立的空间站”与题意不符。

因此B选项符合题意。

第3题:判断推理题。

根据第一段astronomy offers adventure for all people…ideological bickering, and wars to control dwindling resources on a closed, finite Earth.“天文学为所有人提供了冒险的机会,这是一种向外探索的推进,也许有一天,它会被视为一种替代选择,取代盲目的消费主义、意识形态的争吵和战争,以控制一个封闭、有限的地球上日益减少的资源。

”A选项“在其他行星上永久定居的实现”原文并未涉及;B选项“更多的干扰不仅在地球上,而且在外太空”不符合题意;C选项“地球上的秩序、和谐与和平”,原文提到“可以取代盲目的消费主义、意识形态的争吵和战争”进而可以维护地球秩序和谐和平,符合题意;D选项“所有人有机会在太空旅行”与题意不符。

因此C选项正确。

第4题:判断推理题。

由题干关键词today’s astronomies students定位到文章第二段They may study astronomy partly to seek points of contact between science and other human endeavors: philosophy, history, politics, environmental action, even the arts and religion.“他们学习天文学的部分原因可能是为了寻找科学和其他人类活动之间的联系:哲学、历史、政治、环境行为,甚至是艺术和宗教。

”由此可知,研究天文学还可以更多地了解其他领域。

所以B选项“通过天文学的研究,可以更多地了解人类及其在各个领域的研究”符合题意。

A选项“对看不见的宇宙有更好的了解”不太切合题意;C选项“不再关心天文事实”与原文叙述相反;D选项“比上一代的学生聪明得多”没有比较无法体现。

因此B选项正确。

第5题:判断推理题。

由划线句定位到文中最后一段In designing this edition, the Wadsworth editors and I have tried to respond to these developments.“在设计这个版本时,Wadsworth的编辑和我试图对这些发展做出回应。

”由此可知,“这些发展”所包括的内容是前文已经提及的。

A选项“全世界参与太空探索”和B选项“人类在天文学领域的新成就”在第一段中有涉及;C选项“今天的天文学学生获得的关于宇宙的新概念”在文章第二段有讲述;D选项“科幻小说和电影特效的发展”,文章主要是讲述关于天文学方面的内容,并没有详细阐述科幻小说和电影的发展,所以D选项与题意不符。

因此此题选择D选项。

2.
单选题
Russian women had to wear protective masks as they walked in Moscow, which was()by a heavy smog yesterday.
问题1选项
A.shrouded
B.unveiled
C.decayed
D.deprived
【答案】A
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。

shrouded“遮蔽”;unveiled“除去面纱”;decayed“衰退;腐败”;deprived “剥夺;丧失”,根据句子结构可知which引导了一个定语从句,此处which指代的是“Moscow 莫斯科”,根据主句的意思可知此处想表达的是莫斯科被大雾笼罩。

句意:俄罗斯的女性昨天在……的莫斯科街头行走的时候不得不戴着厚厚的保护面罩。

故正确答案为选项A。

3.
单选题
The development of high-technologies at an unprecedented speed has rendered lots of conventional office jobs().
问题1选项
A.suicidal
B.obsolete
C.available
D.profitable
【答案】B
【解析】考查形容词辨析。

A选项suicidal“自杀的”;B选项obsolete“淘汰的,废弃的,过时的”;C选项available“可获得的,有空的”;D选项profitable“有利可图的,有益的”。

句意:高科技以前所未有的速度发展,使得许多传统的办公室工作被淘汰了。

由句意可知高科技发展导致传统办公室工作过时/淘汰,B选项obsolete“淘汰的,废弃的,过时的”符合题意,其他选项都不准确。

因此B选项正确。

4.
单选题
There has been so much media()of the coming election that people have got bored with it. 问题1选项
A.circulation
B.concern
C.broadcasting
D.coverage
【答案】C
【解析】本题考查了名词的辨析。

circulation“循环(血液等);流通(货币,消息等);发行量(专辑,书等)”;concern“关心;关系”;broadcasting“播放;广播节目”;coverage “聚集;汇集”,根据此处的media可知此处应该填写一个与新闻媒体相关的名词,四个选项中只有broadcasting最符合,正确答案为选项C。

5.
单选题
The houses in this area were all reacted in()of housing regulations.
问题1选项
pliance
B.defiance
C.alliance
D.obedience
【答案】B
【解析】考查固定搭配题。

compliance“顺从;服从”;defiance“蔑视;挑战;反抗”;alliance“联盟;联合”;obedience“服从;遵守”,根据横线前后的in和of可知此处只能选择defiance,in defiance of表示“不顾;无视”。

句意:这个地区的房子建得都很不……房屋规范。

故正确答案为选项B。

6.
单选题
In that country, a person who marries before legal age must have a parent’s()to obtain a license.
问题1选项
A.sanction
B.warrant
C.magnate
D.affirmation
【答案】B
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。

sanction“制裁;认可;支持”;warrant“证明;担保”;magnate“巨头;资本家”;affirmation“主张;断言”,根据句意可知在未到法定婚龄的时候结婚需要有父母的担保,
这符合逻辑。

句意:在那个国家,在法定婚龄前结婚的人必须要在父母的……下才能拿到证。

故正确答案
为选项B。

7.
单选题
The police decided to()the department store after they had received a bomb warning.
问题1选项
A.evict
B.expel
C.abandon
D.evacuate
【答案】D
【解析】本题考查了动词辨析。

evict“驱逐”;expel“驱散;赶走”;abandon“放弃”;evacuate“撤离;疏散”,根据bomb warning(爆炸警报)可知警察会疏散、撤离人员,所以此处应该使用动词evacuate,故正确答案为选项D。

8.
单选题
For years the twin brothers have been()watches, rings, and diamonds in the neighboring countries.
问题1选项
A.sheltering
B.smuggling
C.supervising
D.speculating
【答案】B
【解析】考查动词辨析。

A选项sheltering“保护,掩蔽”;B选项smuggling“走私”;C选项supervising“监督,管理,指导”;D选项speculating“投机,猜测”。

句意:多年来,这对孪生兄弟一直在邻国走私手表、戒指和钻石。

空格后提到的watches, rings, and diamonds手表、戒指和钻石以及毒品等是走私的一般物品,还涉及了neighboring countries邻国,B选项smuggling“走私”最恰当。

因此B选项符合题意。

9.
单选题
When Jack was 28, he()the small bookshop and in five years developed it into six chain stores.
问题1选项
A.took after
B.took in
C.took on
D.took over
【答案】D
【解析】考查动词短语。

A选项took after“相像,效仿”;B选项took in“吸收,领会,欺骗”;C选项took on“承担,呈现,具有”;D选项took over“接管,借用”。

句意:当杰克28岁时,他接管了这个小书店,在五年内发展成了六个连锁店。

根据空格后提到的the small bookshop,与之可以相对应搭配的短语只有D选项took over,意为接管了商店。

因此D选项符合题意。

10.
单选题
According to the latest report, consumer confidence()a breathtaking 15 points last month,
to its lowest level in 9 years. 问题1选项
A.soared
B.mutated
C.plummeted
D.fluctuated
【答案】C
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。

soared“飘升”;mutated“变化;突变”;plummeted“骤降”;fluctuated“波动”,根据lowest level“最低水平”可知此处应该填plummeted。

句意:根据最近的报告,消费者信任度上个月惊人的……15个点,达到九年中最低值。

故正确答案为选项C。

11.
单选题
Chinese products enjoy high international prestige because of their()quality.
问题1选项
A.indistinctive
B.indisputable
C.indispensable
D.indistinguishable
【答案】B
【解析】本题考查了同形词辨析。

indistinctive“无特色的”;indisputable“无可争议的,不争的”;indispensable“不可缺少的”;indistinguishable“不能区别的”,由此句中的“prestige” 可以知道中国产品享有如此声誉是因为它们的质量很好,四个选项中能用来形容这种质量的形容词只有indisputable,故正确答案为选项B。

句意是:中国的产品享有非常高的国际声誉是因为它们无可争议的质量。

12.
单选题
She took up so many hobbies()when she retired that she had hardly any time.
问题1选项
A.in hand
B.at hand
C.on her hands
D.at her hand
【答案】A
【解析】本题考查了同义词组辨析。

in hand“在手中;掌握住”;at hand“在手边;即将到来”;on her hands“(双手)趴在地上”;at her hand“在她手上”,此处表达的意思是“掌握多门兴趣爱好”,所以要用词组in hand,故正确答案为选项A。

句意为:在她退休在家几乎没有什么时间的时候她居然掌握了多门业余爱好。

13.
单选题
For shortage of food and water, the illegal immigrants()down from 112 to 58.
问题1选项
A.seized
B.starved
C.calculated
D.split
【答案】B
【解析】考查动词辨析。

A选项seized“逮住,抓住”;B选项starved“使挨饿,饿死”;C选项calcula ted“计算”;D选项split“劈开”。

句意:由于食物和水的短缺,非法移民数量从112人下降到了58人。

根据前半句表述的因为缺少食物和水,可知后半句中非法移民数量减少的原因是挨饿。

所以空格处填B选项starved“使挨饿,饿死”合适。

因此B选项符合题意。

14.
单选题
Congress recognized the more money for better education and job training is()to competitiveness.
问题1选项
A.adaptable
B.applicable
C.crucial
D.cryst
【答案】C
【解析】考查形容词辨析。

A选项adaptable“适合的,可修改的”;B选项applicable “可应用的,合适的”;C选项crucial“重要的”;D选项cryst“结晶的”。

句意:国会意识到,为改善教育和职业培训提供更多资金对提高竞争力至关重要。

本句表示“提供资金给教育和职业培训对竞争力的作用”,经济基础决定上层建筑,一般都有很重要的作用,C选项crucial“重要的”符合句意。

因此C选项正确。

15.
单选题
Some scientists have suggested that Earth is a kind of, zoo or wildlife()for intelligent space beings, like the wilderness areas we have set up on earth to allow animals to develop naturally while we observe them. 问题1选项
A.conservation
B.maintenance
C.storage
D.reserve
【答案】D
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。

conservation “保存;保护”;maintenance “维护;维修”;storage“存储;仓库”;reserve“存储;自然保护区”,根据句子结构可知此处的名词与wildlife 一起同zoo构成并列成分,根据后句中的allow animals to develop naturally“允许动物自然生长”,可知此处应该选择名词reserve, wildlife reserve是“野生动物保护区”的意思。

句意:一些科学家表示地球就像宇宙智能生物的动物园或者野生动物……,正如我们在地球上设立荒野地带,允许在我们的观察下让动物自然生长。

故正确答案为选项D。

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