[实用参考]大学英语三级考试语法总结.ppt

指物
which that
which /that/zero
非限制性关系分句
指人
指物
who/whom/ whose
which
作介 词补 足成
分
whom
which
定语从句中关系副词的选择
1. when 表示时间 2. where表示地点 3. why表示原因 它们在定语从句中都充当状语成分。
练习题：
1.The advertising company recently hired a designer ____ had once won a prize in a national contest. A. whose B. which C. whom D. who
大学英语三级考试语法总结
• 语法考题的涉及面宽
• 近年考题出现频率最高的：几乎所有词类， 三种动词的非谓语形式，名词从句，形容 词从句，副词从句，独立主格，主谓一致， 倒装，强调，虚拟语气等基本语法知识。
• 语法考试的重点突出
• 语法考试的重点为内容庞杂较难掌握的项 目，这些项目有时还会反复出现如：虚拟 语气，状语从句，定语从句，独立主格， 情态动词。
5. It was not such a good job ____ she had read about in the advertisement. A. like B. which C. as D. what
状语从句
1. 时间状语从句
词例 含义
当…时候 在…之前
when, while , as before
• 一、形容词性从句概要
• 定义：形容词性从句一般称为定语从句，在句 子中起定语作用，修饰一个名词或代词，有时 可修饰一个句子。
• 结构：被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。定语从 句必须放在先行词的后面，由关系词引导。
• 先行词+关系词+定语从句
1. Here is a boy, and he damaged the vase. Here is the boy (who damaged the vase).
2 通常不用逗号。
号隔开。
3
Here is vase.
the boy
who
damaged the
My cousin, who is an engineer, went to Europe last week.
定语从句中关系代词的选择
限制性关系分句
关系
代词 成分
指人
作
主
who
语
that
作 宾 whom/who 语 /that/zero
练习题：
1. The representative of the company demanded that part of the agreement ______ revised.
A. will be B. is C. to be D. be
2. It is suggested that the president of the Union (make) ______ a speech on behalf of all the workers.
lest 免得
5. He was attending a meeting, ______ he would have come to your party yesterday.
3. It is important that he (be) _______ called back immediately.
考点：
3. “情态动词+完成时态”的不同用法
（1）*should have done
表示“应当做某事（但是没有做）” shouldn’t have done sth 表示“本不应该做某事 （而做了）” （2）must have done 对过去时间里可能发生的事情的推测，表示
comes back to the office. A. when B. where C. because D. although
4. They will not start the project until the board chairman ______ back from South Africa. A. will come B. is coming C. came D. comes
3. Once more I have to leave Beijing, ____ I have been living for eight years. A. that B. where C. which D. as 4. There is no evidence ____ oil price will come down in the near future. （同位语） A. which B. that C. where D. as
A. fix
B. be fixed
C. have fixed D. have been fixed
2. Jack must __________ (go) away---we can not find him anywhere in the factory.
3．Tom ______ the party as no one saw him there yesterday morning. A. can not attend 表示“严禁” B. mustn’t attend C. won’t have attended D. couldn’t have attended
限制性关系分句
非限制性关系分句
限制性关系分句和它的先行项的所 非限制性关系分句和它的先行项之
指意义有着不可分割的联系，缺少 间只有比较松散的联系，因此，如
1 了它，作为先行项的名词（词组） 果省略一个非限制性关系分句，并
便不能明确表示其所指对象。
不影响先行项的所指意义。
在口语中前后没有停顿，在书写中 在口语中有停顿，在书写中常用逗
1. 虚拟语气 2. 定语从句 3. 状语从句 4. 时态 5. 被动语态 6. 分词作状语 7. 分词作定语
8. 比较级和最高级 9. 先行词 it 10. 同位语 11. 倒装句 12. 强调句 13. 动词+ -ing/-to do 14. 词形转换 15. 词组
虚拟语气
概念：虚拟语气用来表示说话人的主观 愿望或假想，所说的是一个条件，不一 定是事实，或与事实相反。 考点：1. 由if引导的虚拟条件句
在…之后 一…就…
after as soon as, the moment,
直到 直到…才
the minute, the instant until/till not … until/till
1. The new staff didn’t know how to use the system ______ I explained it to him yesterday.
先行词 关系代词（作主语）
2. My cousin is an engineer, and he went to Europe last week.
My cousin, who is an engineer, went
先行词 关系代词（作主语）
to Europe last week.
二、定语从句的分类
考点：
Be-型虚拟语气
2. 在表示命令、决定、建议等词语之后的 that-分句中,分句谓语动词用“should+动词 原形”或直接用动词原型。
（1）用在demand, insist（坚持）, order, propose, recommend, request, require, suggest等动词之后的that-分句中。
练习题： 1. If he had taken the lawyer’s advice, he (save)
__________ himself a great deal of trouble.
2.He might have been killed in that car accident yesterday if he (take) __________ part in that activity with the team.
3. __________ last Friday, he would have got to Paris. A. Would he leave B. Had he left C. If he is to leave D. If he was leaving 4. If I (be) ______ you, I would not miss the job interview tomorrow morning.
（ 2 ） 用 在 advisable （ 可 取 的 、 明 智 的 ） , desirable（称心合意的）, essential（必要的、 必 不 可 少 的 ） , important, impossible, necessary, proper等形容词后的that-分句中。
（ 3 ） 用 在 decision, demand, order, requirement（需要）等名词后的that-分句中。
“一定做了某事”。
否定形式是“couldn’t have done”
（3) needn’t have done sth 表示“本没必要做某事（却做了）”
（4) would like to have done sth 表示“本打算做某事（却没做）”
练习题：
1. This ATM has been out of service for a few days. It should __________ last week.
2. It is important to provide an environment ______ people are encouraged to make suggestions at all levels of the company. A. from which B. on which C. in which D. for which
If 从句
主句
表示对现在情 过去式did (*be动词用 况的假设 were)
should/ would do
*表示对过去
情况的假设
had done
should/would/might/ could have done
• 注意点： 条件从句中省略if 采用倒装语序 的情况
• 在if引导的表示虚拟的条件状语从句中，有 时可以把含有助动词、情态动词、be或 have的虚拟条件句中的连词if 省去，而将 had ，should，were 等词提到主语之前， 即用倒装结构。
A. until B. because C. if D. since 2. They had talked only for a few minutes ______
they found they were of different opinions. A. unless B. while C. before D. once 3. I will ask Mr. Smith to ring you up _______ he
类别
词例
2
条件状语从句
if
如果
unless 除非，若不
3
原因状语从句
because 因为 since 既然
4
让步状语从句
though /although 虽然 even if / though 即使
5
结果状语从句
so+a. /ad.+ that 如此…以至于
so that
目的是…
6
目的状语从句
in order that in case 以免、以防万一
（2）wish, would rather (sooner) 后的宾语从 句，谓语动词用虚拟语气。
动词形式
用法
a. 过去式(did)
表示当时未实现的愿望
b. 过去完成时(had done)
表示过去未实现的愿望
c. 过 去 将 (woul可能实现的愿望
形容词性从句 定语从句
考点： 4、其他特殊句式 （1）在It is (about/high) time +that定语从句 中需用虚拟语气，表示“该做……的时候了”，其 动词形式用一般过去时或should +动词原形。
练习题：
I think it is high time we _______ (take) strict measures to stop pollution.