2022年考研考博-考博英语-吉林大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷(带答案)试题号：13

2022年考研考博-考博英语-吉林大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析
AB卷（带答案）
一.综合题(共15题)
1.
单选题
As an important part of police strategy, rapid police response is seen by police officers and the public（） as offering tremendous benefits.
问题1选项
A.similarly
B.the same
C.a like
D.likewise
【答案】C
【解析】考查近义词。

四个选项均有“相似地，相同地”意思，根据句意“警察和民众都认为警察快速反应机制将会带来巨大利益”，在句中，as 与seen搭配，表示“被看作”的意思，因此空格处应该填入形容词，其中A与D为副词，不符合题意。

As the same虽然可以搭配，但是不符合句子结构，所以选项C 符合题意。

2.
单选题
Some British universities are state-supported, others are privately（） and still others are supported by religious origination.
问题1选项
A.ensured
B.attributed
C.authorized
D.endowed
【答案】D
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。

ensure “保证，确保”；attribute “归属，把··· ···归于”；authorize “批准，认可”；endow “资助，捐赠”。

根据前半句句意“一些英国大学是政府创建的”，后半句“其他有些由宗教组织资助”，可以推出空格处要填入support的同义词，所以选项D符合题意。

3.
单选题
It is a common theme of many science fiction stories that the world may one day be （）by beings from the outer space.
问题1选项
A.run over
B.filled in
C.taken over
D.broken in
【答案】C
【解析】考查动词词组辨析。

run over “辗过；溢出”；fill in “填写；填充；替代”；take over “接管；接收”；broke in “打断；闯入”。

句意：科幻小说共有的一个主题是总有一天世界可能被外星人接管。

选项C符合题意。

4.
单选题
I feel rather at a（） talking to her, because she is so clever.
问题1选项
A.defect
B.fault
C.disadvantage
D.mistake
【答案】C
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。

defect“缺点，缺陷”；fault“错误，缺点，毛病”；disadvantage“缺点，不利条件，损失”；mistake “错误，误会，过失”。

句意：我感觉跟她谈话不占优势，因为她太聪明了。

选项C符合题意。

5.
单选题
Smell is the most direct of all the senses. It is thought to be the oldest sense in terms of human evolution, which may explain why smell is hard-wired into the brain. The olfactory nerve, which manages the perception of smells, is essentially an extension of the brain. The olfactory nerve provides a direct link from receptors at the top of the nose to the portion of the brain that controls memory, emotion, and behavior.
The olfactory system detects certain airborne chemicals that enter the nose and then transmits this chemical information to the limbic system in the brain. The olfactory region at the upper end of each nostril is yellow, moist, and full of fatty substances. The shade of yellow indicates the strength of the sense of smell: the deeper the shade, the keener and more acute it is. Animals have a very strong sense of smell, so their olfactory regions are dark yellow to reddish brown, while those of humans are light yellow.
When an odorous substance enters the nose, it binds to olfactory receptor cells, the neurons lining the yellow upper portion of the nasal cavity. Olfactory receptor cells contain microscopic hairs called cilia that extend into the layer of mucus coating the inside of the nose. Odor molecules diffuse into this region and are absorbed by the cilia of the olfactory receptor cells. What this means is that when we hold a rose to our nose and inhale, odor molecules float up into the nasal cavity, where they are absorbed by five million olfactory receptor cells. The receptor cells alert the olfactory nerve, which sends impulses to the brain’s olfactory bulb, or smell center. Thus, olfactory information about the rose enters the brain’s limbic system, where, in most of us, it stimulates a feeling of pleasure.The limbic system of the brain integrates memory, emotion, and behavior. The system is composed of a group of related nervous system structures that are the functional center of emotions such as anger, fear, pleasure, and sadness. The components of the limbic system are linked to the cerebral cortex, the part of the brain involved in complex learning, reasoning, and personality. The cerebral cortex makes decisions about the emotional content of these unique human qualities after “consulting” the limbic system and the other brain centers in processing and retrieving memories. It may, in turn, use memories to modify behavior.
Scent may be the strongest trigger of memory and emotions. When we inhale a scent,receptors in the brain’s limbic center compare the odor entering our nose to odors stored in our memory. Along the way, memories associated with those odors are stimulated. A smell can be overwhelmingly nostalgic because it triggers powerful images and emotions. The waxy fragrance of crayons can instantly transport us to our second-grade classroom, or the scent of freshly mown grass can flood us with the joy of summer freedom. What we see and hear may fade quickly in short-term memory, but what we smell is sent directly to long-term memory.
Smells can increase alertness and stimulate learning and retention. In one study, children memorized a word list, which was presented both with and without accompanying scents. The children recalled words on the list more easily and with higher accuracy when the list was given with scents than without, showing the link between smell and the ability to retain information. In another study,researchers examined how various smells can increase alertness and decrease stress. They found that the scent of lavender could wake up the metabolism and make people more alert. They also found that the smell of spiced apples could reduce blood pressure and avert a panic attack in people under stress.
1.Why does the author use the term “hard-wired” in describing the sense of smell and the brain?
2.Of what significance is the color of the olfactory region at the upper end of each nostril?
3.What happens when the cilia of the olfactory receptor cells absorb odor molecules?
4. Why does the author mention “crayons” and “freshly mown grass” in Paragraph5?
5.What can be inferred from Paragraph 6 about learning?
问题1选项
A.To describe the texture and feel of the olfactory nerve
B.To emphasize the close connection between smell and the brain
C.To compare the power of smell with that of other senses
D.To explain how the sense of smell evolves in early humans
问题2选项
A.The color changes with different airborne chemicals.
B.The significance of the color is little understood.
C.The color becomes darker when an odor is present.
D.The color shows the strength of the ability to smell.
问题3选项
A.The tiny hairs inside the nose become darker in color.
B.The nervous system activates the digestive system.
C.The olfactory nerve sends impulses to the brain.
D.Some receptor cells die and are replaced by new cells.
问题4选项
A.To give examples of smells that can trigger memories and emotions
B.To compare typical responses to two common smells
C.To explain why smells are likely t o affect person’s behavior
D.To identify smells that can increase alertness and work efficiency
问题5选项
A.Learning cannot take place unless all of the senses are stimulated.
B.Scents can strengthen the ability to hold new information in the memory.
C.It is easier to recall previous learning than it is to retain new information.
D.Children will not learn much if they are distracted by offensive odors. 【答案】第1题:B
第2题:D
第3题:C
第4题:A
第5题:B
【解析】1.文章第一段提到了嗅觉神经实际上就是大脑的延伸，嗅觉神经直接将鼻子的鼻受体与大脑中管理记忆、情感和行为的部分相连。

可以推出嗅觉与大脑是紧密联系的。

选项B符合题意。

2.文章第二段第三句中提到the shade of yellow indicates the strength of the sense of smell (黄色阴影代表的是嗅觉的强度)。

选项D符合题意。

3.文章第三段作者提到了嗅觉受体纤毛细胞吸入了气味分子后发生的情况。

句子中提到了受体细胞会刺激嗅觉神经，然后嗅觉神经发送脉冲到大脑的嗅觉神经或者嗅球。

选项C符合题意。

4.文章第五段第一句作者提出气味可能是记忆和情绪的最强出发点。

由此可知，作者提到的蜡笔和新割的草地是为了证实他的观点，并且说明气味是如何触发记忆和情绪的。

选项A符合题意。

5.文章第六段提出气味可以提高警觉，促进学习，增强记忆力。

之后举了孩子记忆单词的例子，如果需要记忆的单词表上有香味，他们会记得又快又好。

选项B符合题意。

6.
单选题
It is （）that the Internet is exerting a growing important infl uence on people’s lives.问题1选项
A.indistinctive
B.indissoluble
C.indispensable
D.indisputable
【答案】D
【解析】考查形近形容词词义辨析。

indistinctive “无特色的，不显著的”；indissoluble “不能分解的，不能溶解的”；indispensable “不可缺少的”；indisputable “明白的，无可争议的”。

根据句意“互联网对人们的生活起到了越来越重要的影响”，这个事实是无可争议的，所以选项D符合题意。

7.
单选题
Commercial banks made most of their income from interest （）on loans and
investments and bonds.
问题1选项
A.earning
B.earned
C.to earn
D.was earned
【答案】B
【解析】考查分词做定语。

句意：商业银行主要从贷款、投资和债券中获得利息。

这里 interest 是被赚，是一个被动含义，所以应该用过去分词来做后置定语。

选项B符合题意。

8.
单选题
The surpassing beauty of his paintings（） those of his contemporaries.
问题1选项
A.besmeared
B.belittled
C.dwarfed
D.bedimmed
【答案】C
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。

besmear “弄脏，涂抹”；belittle “轻视”；dwarf “使显得矮小；使相形见绌”；bedim “使··· ···模糊”。

句意：他画作的非凡的美丽使他同时代的人的那些画相形见绌。

选项C符合题意。

9.
单选题
Art that endures often makes an initially disturbing impact: the profound experience that such art seeks to provoke necessarily engenders a certain（） .
问题1选项
A.familiarity
B.ennui
C.upheaval
D.intimacy
【答案】C
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。

familiarity“熟悉，精通”；ennui“厌倦，无聊，倦怠”；upheaval “剧变，动乱”；intimacy “亲密，亲昵行为”。

句意：忍耐的艺术通常产生原发性地让人烦恼的冲击效果：这种艺术试图引起的深刻经验必然产生一种错乱。

选项C符合题意。

10.
单选题
Since about 1800,near the beginning of the Industrial Revolution, coal, petroleum, and gas have been used at a rapidly increasing rate. The supply of these（1） is limited, and electric power is very （2） in many places. Some scientists believe solar energy is the only （3）which can meet the world’s enormous（4）for power.
Great progress had been made in harnessing the sun. Not only is the sun now used in cooking, （5） it also supplies power for （6） things as beacon lights for ships and airplanes. It （7）telephone lines, portable radios, electric clocks, hearing aids, and even communication. Some homes and office buildings in the United States are now being（8）with solar energy. The three most significant types of solar equipment（9） are the furnace, the still, and the cell. Solar furnaces heat water or air,（10）is then circulated through a building to make
it comfortable.
Solar stills are （11） important because they can provide （12） water at a relatively cheap rate. Salt can easily be （13） from sea water with a solar still.
The most highly developed type of solar （14） equipment is the solar cell. Some cells are so （15）that they can turn 16 percent of the energy they receive from the sun（16） electric energy. One of the cell’s biggest advantages is （17）it can be made either small enough to carry（18） large enough to produce a current that can run an automobile. Besides, it has a very long life. It is still too expensive for the （19）consumer but when ways are （20）to produce it more cheaply, we can expect its use to be wide-spread.
问题1选项
A.materials
B.ores
C.reserves
D.fuels
问题2选项
A.abundant
B.adequate
C.scarce
D.rare
问题3选项
A.means
B.source
C.solution
D.resource 问题4选项
A.need
B.desire
C.necessity
D.supply
问题5选项
A.moreover
B.besides
C.however
D.but
问题6选项
A.some
B.many
C.such
D.these
问题7选项
A.connects
B.operates
C.drives
D.manufactures
问题8选项
A.heated
B.burnt
C.equipped
D.built
问题9选项
A.ever since
B.no wonder
C.in all
D.so far
问题10选项
A.that
B.what
C.which
D.it
问题11选项
A.specially
B.especially
C.essentially
D.specifically
问题12选项
A.fresh
B.healthy
C.boiled
D.cool
问题13选项
A.dissolved
B.distinguished
C.divided
D.removed
问题14选项
A.electric
B.electronic
C.power
D.heating
问题15选项A.powerful
B.resourceful
C.efficient
D.reliable
问题16选项
A.through
B.into
C.by
D.with
问题17选项
A.how
B.that
C.because
D.which
问题18选项
A.but
B.so
C.or
D.too 问题19选项
A.tipical
B.normal
C.average
D.general
问题20选项
A.discovered
B.invented
C.disclosed
D.revealed
【答案】第1题:D 第2题:C
第3题:B
第4题:A
第5题:D
第6题:C
第7题:B
第8题:A
第9题:D
第10题:C
第11题:B
第12题:A
第13题:D
第14题:C
第15题:C
第16题:B
第17题:B
第18题:C
第19题:C
第20题:A
【解析】（1）考查名词词义辨析。

从上下文可知，these指的是前面提到的coal, petroleum, gas这几种燃料，所以空格处应该也填写表示燃料的词。

选项D符合题意。

（2）考查形容词词义辨析。

abundant “丰富的”；adequate “充足的”；scarce “缺乏的，不足的”；rare “稀有的”。

前文提到这些燃料有限，and后面的“electric power”应该与前文燃料一样有限，所以选项C符合题意。

（3）考查名词词义辨析。

语意：一些科学家认为太阳能会是唯一_____能够满足世界对能源的强烈_______。

太阳能属于一种能源，所以source符合题意。

means “手段，方法”；solution “解决方法”；resource “资源”，比如人力资源。

选项B符合题意。

（4）考查固定搭配。

Meet the need for 满足··· ···的需求。

语意：一些科学家认为太阳能会是唯一一种能源能够满足世界对能源的强烈需求。

选项A符合题意。

（5）考查固定搭配。

Not only…but also为固定搭配，also可以省略，意识是“既··· ···又··· ···”。

所以选项D符合题意。

（6）考查固定搭配。

such…as…意思是“像··· ···这样”。

选项C符合题意。

（7）考查动词词义辨析。

与telephone lines, portable radios, electric clocks搭配的动词只有operate，选项B符合题意。

connect “连接”；drive “推动”；manufacture “制造”。

（8）考查动词词义辨析。

heat “加热”；burn “燃烧”；equip “装备，配备”；build “建造”。

根据上下文可知这里阐述的是太阳能的另一个用途：取暖。

选项A符合题意。

（9）考查词组辨析。

ever since “自从··· ···以来”；no wonder “怪不得”；in all “总共，共计”；so far “到目前为止”。

将各个词组的意思代入到句子中，选项D符合题意。

（10）考查语法知识。

逗号前面是一个完整的句子，所以空格所处的句子是非限制性定语从句。

只有which 能够引导非限制性定语从句，所以选项C符合题意。

（11）考查副词词义辨析。

specially “专门地”；especially “尤其，特别”；essentially “本质上”；specifically “明确地”。

空格中的副词是用来修饰important这个单词，来表示程度，“尤其重要”，选项B符合题意。

（12）考查形容词词义辨析。

fresh “新鲜的；淡水的”；healthy “健康的”；boiled “煮沸的”；cool “凉爽的，冷静的”。

根据后面一句 Salt can easily be_ from sea water,主语是salt，可知空格处是通过蒸馏来获取fresh water “淡水”，选项A符合题意。

（13）考查动词词义辨析。

空格所在句的主语是salt，语意：盐通过太阳能蒸馏器能够很容易从海水中分离出来。

选项D符合题意。

dissolve “ 溶解”，一般指固体溶解在液体中；distinguish “区分”；divide“分割”；remove “移除”。

（14）考查名词词义辨析。

electric “电”；electronic “电子”；power “电力；动力”；heating “暖气”。

结合下文可知，太阳能蓄电池（solar cell）可以产生电能(electric energy)，所以solar cell 是一种动力设备，选项C符合题意。

（15）考查形容词词义辨析。

powerful “强有力的”；resourceful“资源丰富的”；efficient “效率高的”；reliable “可靠的”。

后面提到16%的电能转化率，所以空格处是说明效率高，选项C符合题意。

（16）考查动词词组固定搭配。

turn··· ···into…“将··· ···转化为··· ···”。

选项B符合题意。

（17）考查语法知识。

空格处的连接词引导一个表语从句，从句句子完整，所以填入关系代词that。

选项B符合题意。

（18）考查固定搭配。

either··· ···or··· ···“要么··· ···要么··· ···”。

选项C符合题意。

（19）考查形容词词义辨析。

typical “典型的”；normal “正常的”；average “平均的”；general “一般的，普通的”。

句意：对于_____消费者来说太阳能电池还有太贵了。

average people “普通人”符合题意。

选项C符合题意。

（20）考查动词搭配。

空格处动词要能够与way搭配。

discover “发现”；invent “发明”；disclose “公开”；reveal “揭露”。

ways在这里是“方法”的意思，所以选项A符合题意。

11.
单选题
What the governments should do urgently is to take actions to（） the economy.
问题1选项
A.brook
B.blush
C.boost
D.brood
【答案】C
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。

brook “容忍，允许”；blush “脸红，羞愧”；boost “促进，提高”；brood “沉思”。

句意：政府现在迫切需要的是采取措施促进经济发展。

选项C符合题意。

12.
单选题
The United States and Canada are lands of （）except for the Indians, who are the only true natives.
问题1选项
A.emigrants
B.immigrants
C.dwellers
D.inhabitants
【答案】B
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。

emigrants “移民（移出）”；immigrants “移民（移入）”；dwellers “居民，居住者”；inhabitants “本地居民，土著居民”。

句意：美国和加拿大是移民的土地，除了印第安人，他们是唯一真正的土著人美国和加拿大拥有除了了土著居民和印第安人以为的大量移民。

选项B 符合题意。

13.
单选题
That machine was very useful; but he was definitely（） when he said it was the greatest machine ever invented.
问题1选项
A.lying
B.bluffing
C.exaggerating
D.overreacting
【答案】C
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。

lie “躺”；bluff “虚张声势”；exaggerate “夸大”；overreact “反应过度”。

句意：那台机器用处非常大，但是当他声称它曾经是最伟大的机器时，明显是在夸大。

选项C 符合题意。

14.
单选题
He was fired because he was（） late for work. 问题1选项
A.occasionally
B.consistently
C.presently
D.weekly
【答案】B
【解析】考查副词词义辨析。

occasionally “偶尔”；consistently “一贯地”；presently “不久，一会儿”；weekly “每周一次”。

句意：他被解雇了，因为他上班总是迟到。

选项B符合题意。

15.
单选题
His opinions are very（） ; he does not want the situation to change very much.
问题1选项
A.conservative
B.flexible
C.sophisticated
D.radical
【答案】A
【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。

conservative “保守的”；flexible “灵活的，柔韧的，易弯曲的”；sophisticated “精致的，久经世故的”；radical “激进的，根本的”。

句意：他的观点非常保守，他不想让形式快速改变。

选项A符合题意。