ISSUE写作素材整理

一社会
1、Immediate, Existing Social Problems
Nowadays, society is undergoing many social problems; they affect person or many members directly or indirectly, mainly related to our living conditions and moral values. On the one hand, the rapid increasing in human population recently has raised public concerns that we are overpopulate the Earth, because such large numbers of human beings has exceeded the carrying capacity of the Earth. Our population expansion and increasing usage of resources poses great threatens to the ecosystem. On the other hand, there are certain racial groups denied rights or benefits; they are constantly suffering from racial discrimination. In a survey from MIT, researchers found that when an applicant’s name seems to sound as “Black”, he is probably rejected from getting the job. Not only does the discrimination exist, it also causes social instability for there are countless demonstrations every year around the world. Other social problems like sexism, suicide, ageism, crime and health care, are also urgent problems which need to be solved.
2、Animal Protection
For their fur and feathers, for food and innards, human have killed a number of animals, nowadays, thousands of animals have disappeared from the earth forever. Human have long ignored the crucial notion that animals are not the resources of us, but a significant part to balance the ecosystem. Fortunately, we have had already taken efforts to save these animals on the verge of extinction. Some people established communities, and government enacted laws to protect animals.
3、Sweden Welfare
Welfare is related to national economic, political policies and the general condition of its society.
Sweden is a permanent neutral country, thus need not much money to improve its military force. The people there live a stable life.
4、Abortion 堕胎（法律、伦理）
England has enacted laws to prohibit abortion since 1967, however, some doctors claimed that these
laws would do harm to women who have birth incidentally. Then, the law has changed slightly, allowing doctors who were permitted to do that.
5、Egypt Upheaval 埃及动乱（社会问题）
A recent insurgence in Egypt exhibits the consequence of the government setting people’s concerns
aside. Most Egyptians can merely make the ends meet according to the statistics from the United Nations;
their salaries per capita are only 50 dollars per month in 2010. However, the Egyptian government and president Mubarak still gives a large amount of its money to the arts, which is characterized by the recent construction of art museums and the restoration of the Egypt Museum. As a result, the poor went to the Egypt Museum furiously destroyed precious art works dating from the times of Pharaohs. Had the Egyptian government showed generosity and consideration for the need of its people, there would not necessarily have been any social turmoil.
6、Murthy 穆尔蒂（领导者的原则）
Murthy was the founder of Infosys Company, which is the most significant IT Company of India.
Gandhi has greatly influenced him when he was young, and then he formed his own moral standard and value system. During his management of Infosys Company, he stuck to his principles all the time, such as no bribing, honesty, generosity, making the best out of his employees and so on. It is his high quality of moralities that make him successful in his career.
7、Van Gogh 梵高（坚持的精神、依靠兴趣坚持下去、后人的评价才客观）
Van Gogh, Dutch painting, whose still life paintings are marked an unprecedented price for 50 million, sold only one of his paintings during his entire life.Van Gogh was not accepted by the people of world in his time and his work was considered no artistic value until hundreds of years after he had died. Van Gogh is a Dutch postimpressionist painter whose early works, such as The Potato Eaters (1885), portray peasant life in somber, dark colors. His later works, including numerous self-portraits, a series of sunflower paintings (1888), and Starry Night (1889), are characterized by bold, rhythmic brush strokes and vivid colors.
His long struggle with depression ended in suicide.
8、Copernicus 哥白尼（后人的评价才客观）
Copernicus`s heliocentric theory was not accepted until hundreds of years after he had been persecuted by government to death.
9、Bernard Madoff 伯纳德·麦道夫（领导不好，对社会无益）
United States Wall Street legend, NASDAQ Stock Market’s former chairman, Bernard Madoff is rich and successful. However, he cheated investors rather than made a contribution to society, resulting in being arrested by police. He conducted the greatest hoax.
10、Max Schuschny 舒施尼（争议的发明，意外发明）
Schuschny invented plastic bag in 1902 which brought much convenience to people at that time and even awarded Nobel Prize. But later on, “white pollution” has caused widely concerns, and his invention was regarded as the most notorious one.
11、Genus Achatinella 夏威夷蜗牛（动物自然灭绝）
Genus Achatinella is one of the world twelve endangered animals, a beautiful snail in Hawaii. However, their fascinating appearance has made them on the verge of extinction. Because of the appearance, they are exposed to his natural enemy without anything to hide themselves. It is clearly that, if we do nothing to protect them, they are bound to be disappearing from the earth in the future.
12、其他
1)道德建设偏重于思想方面的规范，而司法系统强调经济、文化、教育等方面。

2)道德行为是人们内心里面的行为，法律没有办法约束人们，但是，一旦人们选择了错误的价
值方向，而且表现出确实的行为，那么法律的约束就是必要的。

3)虽然道德是什么这个问题复杂得连苏格拉底都弄不清楚，但其中总还是有一些能为人所公认
的东西，那就是：道德应当符合人类的整体利益，而某一行业的道德应当是就该行业而言最能满足人类需求的做法。

4)作为一个国家，其中必然存在着多样性，这主要体现在文化、教育、习惯、经济水平等方面。

5)各种领域：政治领域politics or political science、经济领域economics、科学领域science、艺术
领域arts、文化领域culture、教育领域education、社会学sociology。

6)一些basic morals：勤奋diligence、节约thrift、诚信sincerity、奉献dedication、友善friendship、
自强self-improvement。

7)生物多样性的重要性：基因或医药来源genetic and medical resources、生态体系稳定性ecosystem
stability及道德原因ethics。

8)The value of ecosystem services on one New Zealand island has been imputed to be as great as the
GDP of that region。

9)人们对堕胎abortion、安乐死euthanasia、同性恋homosexuality的法律抱有不同的态度。

网络
犯罪cyber crime。

10)美国每4年换届选举general election，但是可以连任re-elected。

二行为
1、Hawking 霍金
Stephen William Hawking, CH, CBE, FRS, FRSA (born 8 January 1942) is a British theoretical physicist. Hawking is the Lucasian Professor of Mathematics at the University of Cambridge, and a Fellow of Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge. He is known for his contributions to the fields of cosmology and quantum gravity, especially in the context of black holes, and his popular works in which he discusses his own theories and cosmology in general. These include the runaway popular science bestseller A Brief
History of Time, which stayed on the British Sunday Times bestseller list for a record-breaking 237 weeks.
His key scientific works to date have included providing, with Roger Penrose, theorems regarding singularities in the framework of general relativity, and the theoretical prediction that black holes should emit radiation, which is today known as Hawking radiation, or sometimes as Bekenstein-Hawking radiation.
His scientific career spans over 40 years and his books and public appearances have made him an academic celebrity and world-renowned theoretical physicist. He is an Honorary Fellow of the Royal Society of Arts and a lifetime member of the Pontifical Academy of Science. Hawking is disabled by amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). The illness has progressed over the years and he is now almost completely paralyzed.
2、Nazism 纳粹（过于热爱自己国家的历史为带来灾难）
One apt illustration of this point involves the Nazism. In retrospect, many ethnic Germans felt deeply committed to the goal of creating the greater Germany, which some believe required the use of military force to achieve. To a certain extent, the Second World War stems from the Germen’s exorbitant respect to the history of their nation and the origin of their race.
3、Nicolas Chauvin 愚忠
Nicolas Chauvin, a French soldier and patriot who famous for his love and devotion for Napoleon has been wounded seventeen times in his nation’s service resulting his severe disfigurement and maiming, but it has earned him only ridicule and derision in Restoration France.
4、Swiss Guard 忠诚好
Swiss Guard is the Swiss soldiers who served as bodyguards. They have a high reputation for discipline and loyalty to their employers. On May 6, 1527, 189 guards including their commander involve in a battle near German Graveyard and 147 of them died in the battlefield in order to help the pope escape during Sack of Rome.
5、其他
1)由于成长的环境和文化不同，人的个性各不相同。

而价值观values、性格personality、嗜好
interest、道德观morals、态度attitudes、信念conviction、理想ideas都会影响一个人的行为、决定。

2)服饰只能反映一个人的衣着品味dress sense及个人爱好，有时会反映一个人所从事的事业：
常年工作在办公室的人，一般会西装Western-style clothes笔挺；而运动员会穿运动服；演艺人员的穿着通常比较fashionable。

朋友可以反映出此人的性格以及兴趣爱好：性格直爽的人的朋友性格也比较直爽等等。

从走路的姿势可以看出一个人大致的性格特点：自信的人走路的时候昂首挺胸walk with his head held high，内向的人两眼看地。

从吃的东西可以看出地域特点：吃辣的人居住环境比较冷，草原grassland上的人吃牛羊肉beef and mutton。

三教育
1、The Purpose of Education
教育的目的：为个人奠定基础、为社会培养有责任心的公民、为各个领域提供人才。

There are three basic purposes of education. Firstly, education should lay the foundation for students;
impart them with the skills which allow them to assimilate any wisdom that will occur to them. Secondly, education serves to provide the society with conscientious, thoughtful and enterprising residents. This arduous purpose requires deep understanding of morals, values, ethics, and politics for individuals who educate. Thirdly, any process in various fields needs full-capable students with creative ideas. Education is a means to foster such students.
2、Integrated Development of Students
教育太强调学生的文化技能，忽视了他们的道德素质、领导能力、合作能力、心理素质等。

Too much emphasis is placed on academic knowledge nowadays. Admittedly, it is crucial for students to master basic thinking and reasoning skills and specific knowledge relevant to his or her major. But the
society has seen its side-effects. Students can publish papers with high quality, but lacking the ability of communicating; they tend to live alone, thus give rise to the decrease in interpersonal contact. They can easily decipher other’s private album online, but without a se nse of morality, they simply upload it to the network. Therefore, priority should be given to establish them with a value system, from which they understand how to behave in a society; with a standard, from which they know how to judge their performance and revise it. Other abilities like leadership, corporation, and tenacious psychological quality should not be ignored either.
3、Interdisciplinary
各个学科相互依赖，学生需要学习除专业之外的学科。

In the rapidly growing society, every subject does rely on others to some extent for no one can exist alone. It is favorable for students to study courses other than that of their own major. Philosophy is the foundation of every subject, providing basic thinking and reasoning skills to solve almost every problem.
With proficient mastery of Mathematics, we can better improve our research in the fields of engineering or economics which need much computing and analyzing. Computer science makes it possible for biologists to observe the microcosmic structure of DNA, and analyze large amounts of data.
4、Skepticism
对个人，质疑精神能帮助他们理解已经存在的知识；帮他们面对以后出现的问题。

In my opinion, skepticism is indispensible for individuals in two aspects. Firstly, skepticism helps individuals better understand the existing knowledge. It is well understandable, as in common sense, if an individual can cast doubt upon a given fact; he or she is bound to be more involved in the process of thinking and reasoning. Therefore, more effectively and deeply they learn from such fact. Secondly, skepticism also helps them form a thinking pattern which is crucial for them to deal with any problems that may occur to them. Continually absorbing existing knowledge without criticizing, they would lose themselves when faced with a problem which has no correct answer.
对于社会，质疑精神可以修改已经存在的理论；还可以促进新理论的产生。

In my opinion, skepticism is indispensible for societies in two aspects. Firstly, skepticism revises existing theories or even long established ones. It is said that there is no right theory, for human beings observe the world form their own perspectives, more or less a reflection of their own values, experiences.
So, any theory, including generally accepted one, need to be questioned in order to further reach its goals and bring benefits to society. Secondly, skepticism expedites the emergence/advent of new ideas. With fierce ideological collision between two different opinions, new ideas would probably come out as a consequence. This in turn, would make our society more prosperous.
过分强调不合理，应该结合其他素质教育。

However, overemphasize the importance of skepticism is the same as not consider it. If we do so, then an individual may criticize other’s idea without a thoroughly analysis of it with basic reasoning skills. Such skepticism is irrational and improper, which need to be eliminated by imbue them with academic knowledge, social values, moral standard, corporation, altruism etc.
5、Interest for Education
兴趣对于学生是非常重要的，它可以提高学习的主动性和积极性，因此提高效率；但是教育应该培养学生基础能力、价值观，这些不能用兴趣来决定。

Interest is a valuable motivation in inspiring students. When students pursuit something that interest them, they learn with higher efficiency. Because they are more involved in it and thus improve their initiatives and creativity. Interest is not only important for education, but also plays a significant role in society. De Broglie and Einstein are both interested in physics thus lay the foundation of two crucial theories. However, overemphasize the importance of interest for education is the same as not consider it.
Education should never rely on students’ interests because as the inevitable process of t heir growing up, education must provide them with basic knowledge, the way of thinking and reasoning and ultimately, the value of our society. Without such skills, however interested they are in a particular field, they would
achieve less.
6、Archimedes 阿基米德（家庭的影响）
As ancient Greek philosopher, mathematician, physicist Archimedes was immersed in family while he was a child, the range of his knowledge was very wide, and found the Archimedes’ principle when having
a bath.
7、Albert Einstein 爱因斯坦（年幼的时候应该把所有的孩子进行集中训练；任何据称是事实的信息
都应该被质疑，将来很有可能会被证明是错误的；墨守陈规不会成功）
Einstein was somewhat stupid in his boyhood. Later on, he showed an extreme interest in physics and queried Newton’s classic mechanics. After years of researching, he put forward Theory of Relativity. After
a few years, he also gave a perfect interpretation of the photoelectric effect and won Noble Prize for
Physics in 1921.
8、Leonardo de Vinci 达芬奇（所有学生都应该被要求学习理科，尽管有人对理科不感兴趣；想象力
的题目；其他学科对自身研究领域的影响）
De Vinci was a mathematician, architect, sculpture, and artist; apply the knowledge of other disciplines into painting. There has never been an artist who was more fittingly, and without qualification, described as
a genius. Like Shakespeare, Leonardo came from an insignificant background and rose to universal
accolade.
9、Churchill 丘吉尔（童年成绩差、没上过大学而自学成才、毅力、坚定的信念）
Churchill was always hailed for his speeches which gave courage to an entire nation and inspired allied forces. Yet, it’s unimaginable that he was suffering from the stammer during his childhood.
10、Ebbinghaus 艾宾浩斯
冯特Wundt曾宣布过学习和记忆等高级心理过程不能用实验研究，加之当时艾宾浩斯既没有大学教学职位，没有老师，也没有进行研究的专门设备和实验室。

但是，即便如此，他还是花了5年时间，用自己做被试，独自进行实验，完成了一系列有控制的研究。

艾宾浩斯
的研究方法是客观的、实验的、通过细致观察和记录可以量化的。

他的程序是把数据基础置于经过时间考验的联想和学习的研究之上。

11、Descartes 笛卡尔（质疑权威社会才会进步、学术领域都需要独立思想家的领导、家庭影响深、
体弱多病受特殊培养、Beckman唤醒他的能力）
Descartes is a famous philosopher, mathematician, and physicist in France; at the same time, having made a lot of study in such disciplines as meteorology, biology and is the founder of analytic geometry. He also proposed the principle of generally suspecting. “I think, therefore, I am”
12、其他
1)全球性课程表比地方性课程表更加经济，并且能提供更广阔的视角和范围，同时，让人们对
学生有了一个评价标准。

2)任何学校都是处于现实社会中的学校，在其中的人同样会受到社会各个因素的影响，我们不
能不考虑社会价值观对他们的影响。

3)学生很难一开始就确定他将来的工作和兴趣。

4)学习途径：学校、工作中学习、休闲娱乐中学习、网络学习等。

5)书本的知识常常落后于时代。

6)教师的课外经验能够帮助学生规划一个更加切合实际的职业生涯。

7)拥有一个好的图书馆并不能教出好学生，只有教师的作用是最主要的。

8)高效的教育系统可以开发出学生的潜能potential和天赋talent。

9)保证必须课的基础上，提供选修课来满足学生各种兴趣的需要。

10)道德教育，比如互相尊重、信任和合作精神、利他精神altruism等等，可以起到约束和防止
那些过度的不合理的假设。

11)免费大学使学生不珍惜学习的机会。

12)全面平衡的教育有助于学生培养社会能力、社会责任感，使他们有能力迎接各种挑战；同时
有助于他们确定自己在社会中应该扮演的角色、应该承担的义务。

13)人们需要了解人类存在的共同属性，才能理性地接受人类间、种族间、国家文化之间的不同，
从而相互促进。

14)知识不会单独存在或属于某一个领域：光学的发展促进了绘画、电子的发展促进了音乐；哲
学促进了自然科学；自然科学促进了考古；计算机促进了生物学。

15)人文专业的人学习自然科学，可以使自己能全面发展，对生活多一些了解；学自然科学的人
学习人文科学，可以培养对人性、道德等等的认识和理解。

16)基于求知的学习被认为是缺少指导的，而学习者最初需要一定的指导；同时基于求知的学习
可以提高学生的表现。

17)分数限制了孩子的全面素质培养和能力养成；但是，又可以激发学生的学习动力，如果没有
分数，可能使他们失去学习动力。

18)正规教育是我们一般说的全日制教育；非正规教育是通过周围环境的教育影响，例如家庭、
邻里、图书馆、大众传媒等，从中习得各种态度、价值观念、知识和技能。

19)情商教育有助于想象力和创造力的培养，有助于丰富一个人的性格，提高人的全面素质、道
德层次，有利于兴趣的培养。

20)我们学习数学，懂得用数字、用逻辑来把这个世界抽象化；我们学习语言，懂得该如何表达
我们的思想、记录我们的行为、懂得如何思考；我们学习自然，从混沌的认识中走出来，学会从科学的角度来认识世界；我们学习音乐、美术，学会了如何欣赏周围的美丽；体育课上我们锻炼的不仅是身体素质，还有耐力以及竞争精神。

21)孩子需要具备：领导能力、团队协作能力、认知社会能力、实践能力、想象力、感性思维、
文化技能、道德素质、身体素质、心理素质。

Honesty, persistence, probity, kindness and so on. 22)社会化就是由自然人到社会人的转变过程，每个人必须经过社会化才能使外在于自己的社会
行为规范、准则内化为自己的行为标准，这是社会交往的基础，并且社会化是人类特有的行为，是只有在人类社会中才能实现的。

即：一个人内化社会价值标准、学习角色技能、适应社会生活的过程。

用弗洛伊德Freud的话说，社会化就是个人学习控制天性的冲动，就是“把
野兽关到笼子里”。

四科技
1、The Purpose of Science and Technology
科学的目的是改造自然，造福人类；人们为此而解决问题，改变现状。

The ultimate purpose of science and technology is to observe nature and remake it; then bring benefits to human beings. In order to reach this goal, people do scientific research to answer unknown questions, to give further evidence to show the exactness of our previous ideas, and to correct our wrong ideas.
2、The Positive Side of Technology
改善我们的生活环境，和以往比起来，我们的生活有了质的提升；在精神层面上我们也不再迷信，而是掌握自己的命运。

Technology has greatly enhanced our living conditions. If we look back to history, we will have a sense of superiority; our means of transportation changes from carriage to automobiles, trains, and airplanes, with which we can travel around the world. By simply a click on mouse, we know the immediate news of the world; while in ancient time, it’ll take a lot of time for the leader to send out even a short message to his people. What’s more, technology helps us fight ignorance and superstition; we don’t believe there is someone who dominates us anymore, and eventually, we take control of our own fate.
3、The Negative Side of Technology
环境污染；人们的身体、心理健康状况变差。

Technology has brought out countless problems to our society. The most common one we may think of is contamination. Nowadays, many facilities invented by modern science would cause damages to our
environment, for example, cars, refrigerators and air conditioners. The worst thing is, even though we have realized that they are deleterious, we still can’t live without them. Here comes another problem: our lives are so heavily depended on these facilities that our physical condition, even metal health, goes from bad to worse. Although we have advanced medical technology, our healthy life style will never come back.
4、The Impact of Computer and Internet. （☆信息化的优缺点）
优点：提供大量信息和知识；极大方便了我们的日常生活；促进国家的发展和国家之间的交流。

Computer and Internet are regarded as one of the most successful inventions in the history. From my own perspective, they are indispensible for three reasons. Firstly,they become the major sources of information and knowledge. It is easy to find the biography of a celebrity we are interested in. Materials relevant to our majors are already there for us to acquire. But in retrospect, the only way is through reading books which are sometimes not easy to obtain and which can hardly keep up with the changing world.
Secondly, computer and internet have revolutionarily changed our everyday life. We can book ticket for our summer trip without going to the booking hall; we can chat with our friends freely even in different nations;
we can send e-mails to others instead of spending times in traffic tools. Thirdly, computer and internet help improvement of nations. Government changed their way of handling political affairs, which make them more efficient. Also, computer and internet help the assimilation of different nations, which in turn, greatly help a certain nation to thrive.
缺点：缺乏独立思考能力；缺乏人际交往能力；使人沉迷网络无法自拔。

However, they are not without their problems. Firstly, people prefer to seek answers from the internet rather than think by themselves due to the accessible of knowledge, which will make a person far from being an independent one in the long term. Secondly, there is an increasing trend for people, especially students, to stay before computer; their interpersonal skills are less developed compared with their academic skills. Thirdly, internet is replete with violence, pornography and attracting games. People, especially students, can hardly control themselves, and they may waste their money, give up their study, damage their
health; eventually result in distorted personality.
5、Influence of Technology
网上摘抄：通信、文化、政治三个方面。

Technologies have revolutionarily changed our daily life, no matter in communication, culture, or politics. Firstly, due to the rapid development of communication technology, we are able to contact with the colorful outside world with a computer connected to Internet instead of stepping out of the house. Besides, it is entirely possible to prevent culture relic from damages even reproduce some damaged antique by modern technology. Thirdly, technology has also changed the traditional operating way of government office. By taking advantage of “electronic government”, the officials can organize and h andle government affairs with higher efficiency and accuracy.
6、Ordinary Technology and Modern Technology
现代科技使很多古老的科技过时了，但是有的我们还是必须要传承。

例如：纸。

With the development of modern technology, some ordinary technologies suffer from a loss in application. It was not until the appearance of cell phone that pager becomes out of date; it was the emergence of cars that carriages are no longer used; it was the advent of computer that TV is not widely prevalent. However, there are still some important inventions that should not be ignored. Paper, for example, will never be replaced with computer or video camera. It is not only because paper is less expensive, but also convenient for people to express their implicit feelings. Moreover, paper has documented almost every culture existed in the world; undoubtedly, people have a strong emotion toward it.
7、Technology and Ethnic
科技本没有好坏，而在于我们怎么使用它。

There is no right and wrong in technology; it all depends on how we use them. Clone is one of the fascinating areas for many scientists. With this technology, human can make agricultural products more
powerful to withstand drought and pests, dramatically increase the overall output of food. In addition, species on the verge of extinction can be duplicated by Clone, because human have successfully cloned some animals. However, the debate that whether clone conforms to our definition of ethnic never comes to an end. In my opinion, it is understandable if we use it to preserve precious plants and animals; but if it is applied to duplicate humans, we are strongly broken up our ethnic in deed.
8、Stem Cells 干细胞（技术正影响、政府支持、政府限制、技术与伦理）
In recent years, stem cells project has become a matter of concern for growing number of scientists.
Stem cells are called the “seed” of human, compared to the seed of p lants. With stem cells, we can easily cure some serious diseases which are incurable in the early years. Moreover, human are expected to live longer than nowadays by replacing our aging cells with stem cells. It is possible for us to reach the theoretical average age—120. 技术正影响。

But the research of stem cell has once been suspended by the United States government because it has caused debates of ethnic. Without the support of government, the research can hardly move forward. As a result, many scientists charged the government for suspending it.
政府支持。

Considering these facts, government enacted a law to limit the research of stem cells, including prohibiting take out embryo from infants, and continue to invest on it.政府限制、技术与伦理。

9、Biochemical Weapon 生化武器（技术负影响）
In the 20th century, the world has made unremitting efforts to prohibit the widespread of biochemical weapon, and saw a little progress. However, nowadays, many nations resume their researches on it for the sake of the so-called “National Security”. In retrospect, Japan’s widespread usage of biochemical weapon toward China during World War II had caused thousands of people died. What’s more, until now, the impact of these weapons are still existed. In 2003, estimated 2 million bombs with lethal bacteria were found in Jilin province. If not disposed properly, countless residents, farm lands and animals would be killed, greatly destroy the balance of ecosystem there.
10、Clone 克隆（技术影响、技术与伦理）
Clone is one of the fascinating areas for many scientists. With this technology, human can make agricultural products more powerful to withstand drought and pest, dramatically increase the overall output of food. In addition, species on the verge of extinction can be duplicated by Clone, because human have successfully cloned some animals.
11、Lacking Scientists 缺少科学家（政府支持）
In its earliest months, the administration had taken heat for failing to fill key science-related positions—a gap that became particularly obvious after September 11 and the anthrax incidents.
12、Waste Plastics 废弃塑料（技术负影响）
It will take hundreds of years for nature to degrade waste plastics, so how to dispose it becomes a major problem for many nations. If we cast it into natural environment, it will provide a hotbed for mosquitoes, flies and bacteria to breed; if we bury it in the ground, it will hinder the growth of plants, destroy the soil and pose a threaten to crop harvest; if we burn it by fire, it will produce a lot of poisonous air. “White Pollution” has become one of the most serious environmental concerns.
13、Polar Bear 北极熊（科学解决现实问题）
With the growing temperature of the sea, ices in the North Pole are decreasing rapidly, it is estimated that one day in the future, all of the ices there will disappear. Scientists have proposed a strange, but unavoidable method to protect polar bear: we should transport by plane from North Pole to South Pole.
Not mention the feasibility of the method first, it is possible that animals in the South Pole may be greatly eaten by polar bear, thus break the ecosystem there. However dangerous it is, scientists claim that we have no choice.
14、Anthrax Incident 炭疽事件（技术负影响，政府，媒体）
15、其他
1)技术改变了女性的地位，使她们开始走进工作。

2)技术沦丧了我们的道德体系，比如克隆技术、网络犯罪、计算机病毒、核武器。

3)地球资源枯竭、森林的消失、野生动物的灭绝、全球气候变暖、臭氧层破坏、生物多样性减
少、酸雨、沙漠化、大气污染、水污染。

4)科技发达了，但是人们面对面的交流越来越少，人情味淡了。

5)网络帮助我们学习，但是也充斥着暴力、色情等内容。

6)在线深思，提倡人们利用网络的力量深入思考问题。

7)政府管制克隆技术研究，法国和意大利禁止、俄罗斯延期、英国立法。

8)机械工业的发展提高了生产率。

9)生物技术解决了很多疑难杂症。

DNA技术的发展大大促进了农业产量的提高和疾病的治愈。

10)核技术的研究动机是二战时期纳粹德国企图将它作为征服世界的工具。

但是滑稽的是，最后
核技术成了终结二次大战的工具，同时现在核技术被应用到发电、医学中。

11)快餐、实时通讯、高速运输。

12)电子商务(electronic transaction)。

13)太阳能solar energy，风能wind energy。

五学习
1、The Purpose of Learning
学习的目的是为了知道如何面对未来出现的问题。

The ultimate purpose of learning is to obtain the skill of how to study in the future. As we may note, nearly everything we have ever learnt, from science to philosophy, can hardly be applied in reality directly.
However, there is always someone who can distinguish itself, that’s because he or she has grasped the
purpose of learning—not only learn the knowledge in textbooks, but also take a look at their process of learning. Finally, he/she generalized the best way to assimilate any possible wisdom that may occur to him.
2、Competition or Corporation
竞争可以激发人们的兴趣、动力，同时使人们对未知的事物早做准备；合作可以促进新思想的产生，提高自我能力。

Competition is indispensible for individuals, institutes or even the whole society in that it enhances the participants’ motivation and improves their activity efficiency. When someone is involved in a competition, he becomes more interested in it and thus strengthens his will to solve problems. In addition, with the growing concern of a successful result, he is tent to be well-prepared for anything that may occur to him. Under this circumstance, competition undoubtedly plays a significant role in benefiting us.
However, it is not without its problem. Over-emphasize competition may make people stressed, despair of life, or even commit suicide. This may sound somewhat ridiculous, but such incidents have already existed in some nations. At this time, we should notice the notion of corporation. Corporation can expedite the advent of innovative ideas by continually questioning and answering. Moreover, with the help and encouragement of our partner, we will have a sense of self-satisfaction, which makes us further improve our own ability.
3、Studying Alone or By Group
单独学习的能力是必须的，因为我们不可能随时都有人和我们一起，另外，单独学习可以让自己找到自己的价值观；合作学习同上。

Studying alone is a basic skill for everyone in any democratic society. Firstly, we cannot always relay on others. Our parents taught us how to walk and how to dress ourselves; our teacher taught us how to write and how to compute. However, when we grow up, we will eventually face with the society; at this time, one would expect to teach himself because there is no longer a teacher. Secondly, from studying alone, one can form a value system of himself, which he will contrast with the society latter on. When one has the basic。