新概念第二册75

• Snow lay thick on the ground. The woman knew that the nearest village was miles away. • lay 是系动词,thick是形容词作表语，表示主语 的状态或性质。 • 老人病怏怏的躺着。 • The old man lies ill. • miles away 几英里之外 • 邮局在五百米以外。 • The post office is five hundred meters away.
• Early next morning, she heard planes passing overhead and wondered how she could send a signal. • hear sb. doing sth. 听见某人正在做某事 • 他听到狗正在叫。 • He heard a dog barking. • overhead adv. 从头顶 • 一轮明月当空照耀著 • Overhead the moon was shining. • wonder = want to know • 我想知道发生了什么事 • I wonder what happened.
Grammar - 独立主格结构
Pay attention:

当分词短语等结构的逻辑主语与句子主语不一致时，逻辑 主语不能省略。
She turned a suitcase into a bed and put the children inside it, covering them with all the clothes she could find.
They jumped and cheered, tears running down their faces.
The old man sat in his chair, his eyes closed. She hurried into the classroom, books in hand.
Grammar - 独立主格结构
• The only passengers, a young woman and her two baby daughters, were unhurt. It was the middle of winter. • 货车司机没有受伤就逃脱了，但是一个行人受 伤了。 • The lorry driver escaped unhurt, but a pedestrian was injured. • middle of winter 隆冬 • middle of summer盛夏
Pay attention:
独立主格结构与固定的习惯短语

有的分词短语可以独立存在，在句子中没有逻辑上的主语，实际 上已经成了习惯短语。 Generally speaking, this rule is very easy to understand. 有些固定短语是带to的不定式，表明说话人的立场和态度，在句 中作独立成分。 To be honest, to be frank, etc.
How did the woman get help ?
• Why did the plane crash ? • Because the plane flew off its course . • Who saw the letters ‘SOS’ in the snow ?
• A pilot
形式：
-ing 分词独立主格结构；
They jumped and cheered, tears running down their faces.

-ed分词独立主格结构；
The old man sat in his chair, his eyes closed.

无动词独立主格结构等。
She hurried into the classroom, books in hand.
• survivor
n. 幸存者(指人) • 同根词： survival n. 幸存，残存物 survive v. 生存；存活下来
• 我学过如何生活，但是现在我知道了如何生存。 • I have learnt how to live, but now I know how to survive. • 我在那场大火中幸存了下来。 • I survived after the fire. • survive + sth.(灾难) • 经过某种灾难还存在，还活着 • 这房子在地震后仍然存在。 • The house survived the earthquake.

• The woman kept as near as she could to the children and even tried to get into the case herself, but it was too small. • as…as sb. can/could • = as…as possible 尽可能的…… • 他尽量多的获取食物，然后出发。 • He got as much food as he could and set out. • 告诉吉姆让他尽快到我办公室来。 • Tell Jim to come to my office as soon as he can. • near to = close to
• • • • • • • •
3）adj. 浓的,深的; <雨、雪等> 大的 浓雾 a thick fog 一片漆黑 thick darkness 4）adv. 厚,浓 别把奶油涂得太厚 Don't spread the butter too thick.
• Signal
• 1）n. 信号 • 我们住的离城里太远, 不能收到清晰的电视图 像。 • We live too far from the city to get a strong television signal.
Lesson 75
sos=save our souls
S.O.S.------求救信号 很多人都以为S.O.S.是由一些单字的首字母 缩写而成，如Save Our Souls（拯救我们的生 命！），Save Our Ship（拯救我们的船只！） 等。真是这样的吗？ 其实，S.O.S.是国际莫尔斯电码救难信号， 并非任何单字的缩写。 国际无线电报公约组织于1908年正式将它确 定为国际通用海难求救信号。这三个字母组 合没有任何实际意义，只是因为它的电码 ...--...（三个圆点，三个破折号，然后再加三 个圆点）在电报中是发报方最容易发出，接 报方最容易辨识的电码。
stamp out 踩出，踩灭
He stamped out a burning stick. He stamp his name on all his books .
• n.邮票，章 • 自从他八岁的时候就 已经集邮了。 • He has been collecting stamps since he was eight. • None is genuine without our stamp. • 未盖我们的戳记的都 不是真货。
单词学习
• • • • • • thick signal stamp helicopter scene survivor • • • • • • adj. 厚的 n. 信号 v. 跺，踩 n. 直升飞机 n. 现场 n. 幸存者
• Thick
• • • • • • • • 1）adj. 厚的 一层厚厚的油漆 a thick coat of paint 2）<毛发等>浓密的,稠密的; <树木等> 茂密的 浓密的头发 [眉毛] thick hair [eyebrows] 茂密的森林 a thick forest
Grammar - 独立主格结构

“独立主格结构”是由名词或代词作为逻 辑主语，加上分词、形容词、副词、动词 不定式或介词短语作为逻辑谓语构成。 功能：是一种从属分句，在句中有多种作 用。如：表原因、表条件、表方式、表伴 随、表时间等，在句中通常起状语作用。

Grammar - 独立主格结构


• 2）V. 发信号 signal for /to … • 他作手势要侍者拿菜单来。 • He signaled the waiter to bring the menu. • The teacher signaled for quiet .
• Stamp
• v. 跺，踩 • 他踩熄香烟 • He stamped out the cigarette.
• When it grew dark, she turned a suitcase into a bed and put the children inside it, covering them with all the clothes she could find. During the night, it got terribly cold. • turn…into… = change sth. into … 把……变成…… • 热使水变成蒸气 • Heat turns water into vapor. • get 作不及物动词时可以表示“变得”： • 天气变得越来越暖和了。 • It is getting warmer and warmer.
Grammar - as…as… 的用法

as…as…意为“和……一样”，表示同级的比较。 基本用法: as+ adj./ adv. +as… My book is as interesting as yours. not as/so +adj./ adv. +as… This dictionary is not as/so useful as you think it is. 若有修饰成分，如twice, three times, half, a quarter等，则其必 须置于第一个as之前。 She will not go out with a man who is twice as old as she.
Grammar - as…as… 的用法

几个关于as…as…的常见句型：
as…as possible/can 尽可能的 aong as 和……一样长；只要 as far as 远至；就……而论，据…… as well as 和……一样好
• helicopter n. 直升飞机
• 可以表示飞机的词语 • plane ;airplane; aero-plane; aircraft
• 用直升机把他送到了医院。 • He was sent to the hospital by helicopter.
• scene
• ① n.（事件发生的）地点，现场 • 一架直升飞机很快飞抵出事现场搭救幸存者 • A helicopter soon arrived on the scene to rescue the survivors. • 在谋杀案现场发现了这些东西。 • These things were found on the scene of the murder. • ② n. 风景，景色；景象 • 漂亮的景色总是能让我很开心。 • A beautiful scene always makes me delighted.
• When a light passenger plane flew off course some time ago, it crashed in the mountains and its pilot was killed. • off course 脱离轨道 • 在风暴中，船脱离了其航线。 • During the storm, the ship went off course. • kill v. 杀（仅表示被杀死了，不一定是人为的 杀死,有可能是火灾等） • 他死于战争 • He was killed in the war. • murder v. 谋杀（故意杀死）