江苏省无锡市天一中学2021年高中英语阅读理解专项训练100含答案

江苏省无锡市天一中学2021年高中英语阅读理解专项训练100含答案
一、高考英语阅读理解专项训练
1．阅读理解
Imagine your body is like the house you live in. Every day, your family creates rubbish. The rubbish builds up until it is put out for the weekly garbage collection.
Now, say you put three bags of garbage out, but because one of the collectors was away sick, only two bags are collected. You take the leftover bag inside to be put out again next week. The following week you put out another three bags, plus the leftover bag from last week. But again, only two bags are collected. Imagine this cycle is repeated over the following weeks.
This is a simple description of what happens to your body when your kidneys (肾) don't work efficiently. Your body is not thoroughly emptied of waste products. Other areas of the body such as blood pressure and red blood cell production are affected and the insidious process that may lead to kidney failure begins.
It's not uncommon for people to lose up to 90 percent of their kidney function before developing any symptoms. There may be no warning signs. This makes early detection(诊察) difficult.
Kidney's main job is to remove toxins (毒素) and unwanted water from our blood. Every day our kidneys clean an average of 200 litres of blood. Kidney failure may be a gradual and silent process, going unnoticed because there is no apparent pain.
Research shows that more than 25 percent of patients found to require dialysis (透析) do not see a kidney specialist until less than 90 days before dialysis starts. Some risk factors for kidney disease such as age and genetic make-up are out of our control; however, some changes in lifestyle may help prevent kidney damage. Two major risk factors for kidney disease, diabetes and high blood pressure, have been on the rise over the last few decades. Both conditions are chiefly affected by being overweight and not getting enough exercise, which are the potential factors for the disease.
（1）The author gives the example of the house we live in to indicate that ________.
A. it's safe and harmless for our body to keep some waste
B. it doesn't matter much if the waste in our body is not emptied in time
C. it's important for our body to empty the waste in time every day
D. our body will not produce any waste if our kidneys work efficiently
（2）The underlined word "insidious" (in Paragraph 3) means ________.
A. gradual and unnoticed
B. apparent and fast
C. smooth and safe
D. painful and long
（3）We can infer that when we find some symptoms related to our kidneys, ________.
A. the kidney failure begins
B. the kidneys may have been seriously damaged
C. we have lost about 10 percent of kidney function
D. the kidneys can still work properly
（4）How many factors of kidney disease are mentioned in the passage?
A. Three.
B. Four.
C. Five.
D. Six.
（5）Which of the following helps prevent kidney damage?
A. Go to see a kidney specialist shortly before dialysis starts.
B. Go to see a kidney specialist whenever you find any warning sign.
C. Try to keep low blood pressure and a stable lifestyle.
D. Take enough exercise and make early detection of kidney disease.
【答案】（1）C
（2）A
（3）B
（4）D
（5）D
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了肾脏出现问题的原因，以及巨大危害，分析了肾脏问题出现的重要因素，并指出如何预防肾病。

（1）考查推理判断。

根据一二段的内容，以及第三段中的“This is a simple description of what happens to your body when your kidneys (肾) don't work efficiently.”可推断，作者列举家庭处理垃圾情况的主要目的是让我们明白身体和家一样需要及时处理垃圾，不然对身体有害。

故选C。

（2）考查词义猜测。

根据第三段中的“Other areas of the body such as blood pressure and red blood cell production are affected and the insidious process that may lead to kidney failure begins.”和第四段中的“There may be no warning signs.”可知，肾功能的变化是由身体其它变化引起的，是一个渐变的过程，而且这个变化没有任何警示，故推测划线词的意思是“逐渐的/慢慢的，无法察觉的”。

故选A。

（3）考查推理判断。

根据第四段中的“It's not uncommon for people to los e up to 90 percent of their kidney function before developing any symptoms. There may be no warning signs.”可知，90%的症状在被确诊之前是看不出来的，而且没有任何的预警，故推测当人们发现肾病症状时，肾可能已经严重受损。

故选B。

（4）考查细节理解。

根据最后一段中的"age and genetic make-up, diabetes and high blood pressure, overweight and not getting enough exercise,"衰老，基因组成，糖尿病，高血压，超重和不运动,可知，这六项都是导致肾病的原因。

故选D。

（5）考查推理判断。

根据第四段中的“There may be no warning signs. This makes early detection(诊察) difficult.” 和第六段中的“Both conditions are chiefly affected by being overweight and not getting enou gh exercise, which are the potential factors for the disease.”可推测，早期诊察，做足够的锻炼可以预防肾损伤。

故选D。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇医学类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，并根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，从而选出正确答案。

2．阅读理解
Researchers in Australia have discovered an effective new method to capture the atmospheric carbon dioxide that is damaging our planet and transform it into something solid, making it much
easier to store.
Carbon capture isn't new, but previous methods call for the gas to be compressed into liquid and then injected underground. Widespread usage of that technology has been locked by economic and environmental concerns due to possible leaks. Instead, in a study published in Nature Communications, the group details their sustainable and cost-effective plan for transforming CO2 into coal.
This new process involves a liquid metal catalyst(催化剂)that is efficient in conducting electricity. CO2gas is dissolved in a container with some liquid. Once electricity charge is introduced, the CO2 begins to turn into solid pieces of carbon, which can be collected and stored. What makes this particularly unique is that the entire process can occur at room temperature. Previous experiments have only shown a gas to solid conversion at extremely high temperature, which made it impossible on a large scale. Now, the researchers are hoping that their work will be used to create even further when it comes to carbon storage.
In an interesting side benefit, the solid carbon also works as an electrode(焊条), which opens up a world of possibilities. "A side benefit of the process is that the carbon can hold electrical charge, becoming a super battery, so it could potentially be used as a part in future vehicles," explains Dr. Dorna Estrafilzadeh, a researcher. "The process also produces fuel as a by-product, which could also have industrial applications."
（1）What can we know about the previous carbon capture methods?
A. People have to inject liquid to the gas.
B. The previous methods can be done easily.
C. The previous methods are not very popular.
D. People have widely accepted previous methods.
（2）What is the special part of the new method?
A. It needs electricity to make the process efficient.
B. It can be done in any kind of container.
C. It doesn't need extreme temperature.
D. It can produce much solid carbon.
（3）What can we infer from the last paragraph?
A. The method will make fossil oil disappear.
B. The method will influence the future industry.
C. The method will make developed countries more powerful.
D. The method will be used to make new vehicles.
（4）What is the best title for the passage?
A. How to change carbon into CO2.
B. A new carbon capture technology.
C. A new technology to get useful carbon.
D. Australia makes the world cleaner than before.
【答案】（1）C
（2）C
（3）B
（4）B
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了一种新的碳捕获技术的原理，优点和对未来工业的影响。

（1）考查细节理解。

根据第二段中的“Widespread usage of that technolo gy has been locked by economic and environmental concerns due to possible leaks.”可知之前技术的广泛应用受到了经济和环境方面的限制。

故选C。

（2）考查细节理解。

根据第四段中的“What makes this particularly unique is that the entire process can occur at room temperature.”可知新技术独特的地方是整个过程可以在室温条件下进行。

故选C。

（3）考查推理判断。

根据最后一段中的“which opens up a world of possibilities；it could potentially be used as a part in future vehicles和which could also have industrial applications”可知这种技术的产物开辟了很多新的可能，可以被变成超级电池为未来车辆供能，过程中的副产品可以作为燃料应用到工业中，由此推测该技术会对未来的工业产生巨大影响。

故选B。

（4）考查主旨大意。

根据第一段中的“Researchers in Australia have discovered an effective new method to capture the atmospheric carbon dioxide ”和下文讲述的内容可知，本文主要介绍了一种新的碳捕获方法的原理和优点及其影响。

故选B。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇科技类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

3．阅读理解
Recently, as the British doctor Robert Winston took a train from London to Manchester, he found himself becoming steadily angry. A woman had picked up her phone and begun a loud conversation, which would last an unbelievable hour. Furious, Winston began to tweet about the woman. He took her picture and sent it to his more than 40,000 followers.
When the train arrived at its destination, Winston rushed out. He'd had enough of the woman's rudeness. But the press were now waiting for her on the platform. And when they showed her Winston's messages, she used just one word to describe Winston's actions: rude.
Winston's tale is something of a microcosm(缩影) of our age of increasing rudeness, fueled by social media. What can we do to fix this?
Studies have shown that rudeness spreads quickly, almost like the common cold. Just witnessing rudeness makes it far more likely that we, in turn, will be rude later on. The only way to avoid it is to deal with it face to face. We must say, "Just stop." For Winston, that would have meant approaching the woman, telling her that her conversation was frustrating other passengers and politely asking her to speak more quietly or make the call at another time.
The rage and injustice we feel at the rude behavior of a stranger can drive us to do odd things. In my own research, surveying 2,000 adults, I discovered that the acts of revenge people had taken ranged from the ridiculous to the disturbing. Winston did shine a spotlight on the woman's behavior — but from afar, in a way that shamed her.
We must instead combat rudeness head on. When we see it occur in a store, we must step up and say something. If it happens to a colleague, we must point it out. We must defend strangers in the same way we'd defend our best friends. But we can do it with grace, by handling it without a trace of aggression and without being rude ourselves. Because once rude people can see their actions through the eyes of others, they are far more likely to end that strain themselves. As this tide of rudeness rises, civilization needs civility.
（1）What can you learn about Robert Winston from the passage?
A. He knows how to speak to rude people.
B. He behaved improperly and spoke loudly on the train.
C. He lost his temper due to other people's rudeness.
D. He reacted to a woman's rude behavior wrongly.
（2）What does "fueled by social media" mean in Paragraph 3?
A. Rude behavior is common on social media.
B. Rudeness can be avoided through social media.
C. People can easily get away through social media.
D. Social media may spread and cause rudeness.
（3）According to the writer, how should you respond when you meet rude people?
A. Record them and post it on the Internet.
B. Point it out in a polite and skillful way.
C. Do nothing but wait for other people to fix it.
D. Pay them back by doing equally disturbing things.
（4）Which of the following statement is true about the last paragraph?
A. We can only point out rudeness from familiar people.
B. Rudeness and manners can hardly coexist in civilized society.
C. Both strangers and acquaintances deserve our friendly warning.
D. Rude people can't see their rudeness through others' eyes.
【答案】（1）D
（2）D
（3）B
（4）C
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文，作者通过温斯特对打电话这位粗鲁的女士曝光在媒体上的不当行为，提出了我们要用礼貌而巧妙的方式指出来生活中粗鲁的行为。

（1）考查推理判断。

根据第五段中的“Winston did shine a spotlight on the woman's behavior — but from afar, in a way that shamed her. ”温斯顿确实把聚光灯对准了那个女人的行为——但从长远看，这是方式一种让她蒙羞。

可推出，作者认为温斯顿的做法不正确。

故选D。

（2）考查句义猜测。

根据第三段中的“Winston's tale is something of a microcosm(缩影) of our age of increasing rudeness”可知作者描述这个时代越来越粗鲁；再根据第四段中的“Studies have shown that rudeness spreads quickly, almost like the common cold. ”研究表明，粗鲁行为传播迅速，就像普通感冒一样。

可知作者认为粗鲁行为传播很快。

因此此处fuel 意为“加速”之意，故选D。

（3）考查细节理解。

根据最后一段中的“But we can do it with grace, by handling it without a trace of aggression and without being rude ourselves. ”但我们可以优雅地做到这一点，处理它时不带一丝侵略性，自己也不粗鲁。

可知，作者认为我们可以礼貌而巧妙的方式指出来粗鲁的行为和人。

故选B。

（4）考查细节理解。

根据最后一段中的“We must defend strangers in the same way we'd defend our best friends. ”我们必须保护陌生人，就像保护我们最好的朋友一样。

可知选C。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，句义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇人生感悟类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，从而选出正确答案。

4．阅读理解
Since we've headed into the snowy part of the year, it seems like a good time to solve a language puzzle that Eskimos have a huge number of words for snow. The idea was popularized by the now well-known expert Benjamin Lee Whorf in the 1940s. His number was approximately five Eskimo words for snow, but somehow the story was so wide spread and romantic that it got out of control and grew bigger and bigger.
There are two problems with the concept of Eskimos having tons of words for snow.
First, Eskimos speak at least two different languages—Inuit and Yupik. Just as we have talked about how English and many other languages developed from a common language called Proto-Indo-European, Inuit and Yupik come from a different common language called Eskimo-Aleut. So saying Eskimos have 100 words for snow is like saying Europeans have 100 words for kings or queens. It might be telling you something broad about culture, but it isn't really telling you much about language.
The second problem is "What is a word?” The Inuit and Yupik languages make words in different ways from how we make words in English. For example, the West Greenlandic word 'siku,' (sea ice), is used as the root for 'sikursuit (pack ice), 'Sikuliaq (new ice), and 'sikurluk (melting ice). But it's not that West Greenlandic has so many more words for describing snow than English, it's just that West Greenlandic expresses ideas by combining meaningful units of language together into one word while English uses more phrases and compounds. We express all the same ideas; we just do it a little differently because of the way our language is built.
So you're probably still wondering, "If it's not 50 or 100 or 400 words, how many is it?" Well, Woodbury lists 15 that are present in a Yupik dictionary published in 1984, but he says that depending on how you look at it this is not an exact number. It could be 12; it could be 24. But it's certainly not 100.
Sometimes, the "hundred words for snow" puzzle is used to argue that because Eskimos have so many words for snow, they think about snow in ways that we can't even begin to imagine—that your language decides or limits your thoughts. Languages are just different. They don't decide what we are able to think about or are not able to think about. I can think about snow floating on water even if we don't have a word for that in English.
So when you're out skiing or snowboarding or just shoveling your driveway this winter, don't believe the people who try to tell you that Eskimos have 100 words for snow.
（1）Why are Eskimos thought to have so many words for snow?
A. Because snow is everywhere where Eskimos live.
B. Because the story about it got enriched and believed.
C. Because snow is of great importance to Eskimos.
D. Because Eskimos have great affection for snow.
（2）How does the writer explain the first problem?
A. By presenting figures.
B. By making comparisons.
C. By quoting sayings.
D. By adopting idioms.
（3）The example of the west Greenlandic word 'siku' shows that .
A. the making of words varies from language to language
B. the Inuit and Yupik languages have more words for snow
C. the richness of words and phrases leads to different ideas
D. more phrases about snow are found in the English language
（4）What conclusion can we safely draw from the last two paragraphs?
A. Eskimos better understand snow than other people.
B. Languages deeply influence people's ability to think.
C. There is no point counting Eskimo's expressions for snow.
D. What comes into our mind is limited by our language.
【答案】（1）B
（2）B
（3）A
（4）C
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了爱斯基摩人描述雪的词语虽然多但并非传言中的100多个。

出现这一想象的原因是1. 爱斯基摩人本身就说两种语言，不同的语言就会有不同的描述。

2. 词汇方面的融合也使得他们有很多能描述雪的词语。

（1）考查细节理解。

根据第一段中的“His number was approximately five Eskimo words for snow, but somehow the story was so wide spread and romantic that it got out of control and grew bigger and bigger.”可知，本身Benjamin Lee Whorf对于雪的词汇可能就只有5个，但是故事不断的传播，甚至带着浪漫主义气息，使得故事传播的越来越广泛，故事内容也越来越夸张。

故选B。

（2）考查推理判断。

根据第三段中的“Just as we have talked about how English and many other languages developed from a common language called Proto-Indo-European …”，作者将英语和从原始印欧语发展而来的其他语言进行了比较，由此可知采用了比较的方法。

故选B。

（3）考查细节理解。

根据第四段中的”We express all the sa me ideas; we just do it a little differently because of the way our language is built.“以及第四段的例子中，不同语言、不同词汇表达的都是同一个意思，唯一不同的是语言构建方式的不同而已。

故选A。

（4）考查推理判断。

根据倒数第二段中的“Languages are just different. They don't decide what we are able to think about or are not able to think about.”语言都是不一样的，而且语言也决定不了我们能或不能想什么；以及最后一段中的“don't believe the people who try to tell
you that Eskimos have 100 words for snow.”不用相信那些想要告诉你爱斯基摩人有100种描述雪的词汇，即不用在意究竟有多少词。

由此可知，词汇的多少并不影响思想，故选C。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇文化类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。

5．阅读理解
Shark attacks not only disturb beach activities, but can affect associated tourist industries. Shark nets are a common solution to preventing shark attacks on beaches, but they cause dangers to sea ecosystems.
Seeking a cost-effective way to monitor beach safety over large areas, we have developed a system called Shark Spotter. It combines artificial intelligence (AI), computing power, and drone (无人机) technology to identify and warn lifesavers to sharks near swimmers. The project is a cooperation between the University of Technology Sydney and The Ripper Group, which is pioneering the use of drones—called "Westpac Little Ripper Lifesavers"—in the search and rescue movement in Australia.
SharkSpotter can detect sharks and other potential threats using real-time aerial imagery. The system analyses video from a camera attached to a drone to monitor beaches for sharks, send warnings, and conduct rescues. Developed with techniques known as "deep learning", the Shark Spotter system receives imagery from the drone camera and attempts to identify all objects in the scene. Once certain objects are detected, they are put into one of 16 categories: shark, whale, dolphin, rays, different types of boats, surfers, and swimmers.
If a shark is detected, Shark Spotter provides both a visual sign on the computer screen and an audible warning to the operator. The operator confirms the warning and sends text messages from the Shark Spotter system to the Surf Life Savers for further action. In an emergency, the drone is equipped with a lifesaving flotation pod (漂浮仓) together with an electronic shark repellent (驱逐装置) that can be dropped into the water in cases where swimmers are in severe trouble, trapped in a rip, or if there are sharks close by.
In January 2018, the Westpac Little Ripper Lifesavers was used to rescue two young swimmers caught in a rip at Lennox Head, NSW. The drone flew down the beach some 800 meters from the lifeguard station, and a lifesaving flotation pod was dropped from the drone. The complete rescue operation took 70 seconds.
We believe Shark Spotter is a win-win for both marine life and beachgoers. This unique technology combines dynamic video image processing AI and advanced drone technology to creatively deal with the global challenge of ensuring safe beaches, protecting environments, and promoting tourism.
（1）A Shark Spotter is ________.
A. a solution to monitor sharks
B. an equipment to identify lifesavers
C. a technology to prevent shark attacks
D. a project to pioneer the use of drones
（2）When a shark is spotted near a swimmer, the system will ________.
A. take timely action
B. analyze the visual data
C. classify the identified objects
D. turn on "deep learning" mode
（3）The example in the 5th paragraph shows us that the system is ________.
A. efficient in saving lives
B. effective in detecting sharks
C. smart in driving sharks away
D. practical over the whole sea area
（4）What is the author's attitude towards the future of SharkSpotter?
A.Doubtful.
B.Optimistic.
C.Negative.
D.Objective.
【答案】（1）C
（2）A
（3）A
（4）B
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了一种旨在防止鲨鱼袭击的技术Shark Spotter 的工作原理以及重要意义。

（1）考查推理判断。

根据第四段中的”If a shark is detected, Shark Spotter provides both a visual sign on the computer screen and an audible warning to the operator. The operator confirms the warning and sends text messages from the Shark Spotter system to the Surf Life Savers for further action.“如果鲨鱼被发现，Shark Spotter会在电脑屏幕上显示视觉讯号，并向操作员发出听觉警告。

操作员确认了警告，并从鲨鱼观测者系统向冲浪救生员发送短信，以便采取进一步行动。

可推断出Shark Spotter是一种防止鲨鱼袭击的技术，故选C。

（2）考查推理判断。

根据第四段中的”In an emergency, the drone is equipped with a lifesaving flotation pod (漂浮仓) together with an electronic shark repellent (驱逐装置) that can be dropped into the water in cases where swimmers are in severe trouble, trapped in a rip, or if there are sharks close by.“在紧急情况下，无人机配备了一个救生浮选舱和一个电子防鲨器，当游泳者遇到严重麻烦、被困在裂口或附近有鲨鱼时，可以将防鲨器放入水中。

可知当在游泳者附近发现鲨鱼时，系统会及时采取行动，故选A。

（3）考查推理判断。

根据第五段”In January 2018, the Westpac Little Ripper Lifesavers was used to rescue two young swimmers caught in a rip at Lennox Head, NSW. The drone flew down the beach some 800 meters from the lifeguard station, and a lifesaving flotation pod was dropped from the drone. The complete rescue operation took 70 seconds.“2018年1月，西太平洋小开创者救生员队(Westpac Little Ripper Lifesavers)被用来营救两名在新南威尔士州伦诺克斯海德(Lennox Head)被困的年轻游泳者。

这架无人机从距离救生站800米的海滩上飞下来，一个救生浮筒从无人机上掉了下来。

整个营救行动耗时70秒。

可推知第五段的例子告诉我们这个系统在拯救生命方面是有效的，故选A。

（4）考查推理判断。

根据最后一段中的”We believe Shark Spotter is a win-win for both marine life and beachgoers.“我们相信Shark Spotter对海洋生物和海滩游客来说都是双赢的。

可知作者对Shark Spotter的未来持乐观的态度。

故选B。

【点评】本题考点涉及推理判断题型的考查，是一篇科技类阅读，考生需要根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。

6．阅读理解
Microsoft announced this week that its facial-recognition system is now more accurate in identifying people of color, touting (吹嘘)its progress at tackling one of the technology's biggest biases (偏见).
But critics, citing Microsoft's work with Immigration and Customs Enforcement, quickly seized on how that improved technology might be used. The agency contracts with Microsoft for cloud-computing tools that the tech giant says is largely limited to office work but can also include face recognition.
Columbia University professor Alondra Nelson tweeted, "We must stop confusing 'inclusion' in more 'diverse' surveillance (监管)systems with justice and equality."
Facial-recognition systems more often misidentify people of color because of a long-running data problem: The massive sets of facial images they train on skew heavily toward white men. A Massachusetts Institute of Technology study this year of the face-recognition systems designed by Microsoft, IBM and the China-based Face++ found that facial-recognition systems consistently giving the wrong gender for famous women of color including Oprah Winfrey, Serena Williams, Michelle Obama and Shirley Chisholm, the first black female member of Congress.
The companies have responded in recent months by pouring many more photos into the mix, hoping to train the systems to better tell the differences among more than just white faces. IBM said Wednesday it used 1 million facial images, taken from the photo-sharing site Flickr, to build the "world's largest facial data-set" which it will release publicly for other companies to use.
IBM and Microsoft say that allowed its systems to recognize gender and skin tone with much more precision. Microsoft said its improved system reduced the error rates for darker-skinned men and women by "up to 20 times," and reduced error rates for all women by nine times.
Those improvements were heralded(宣布)by some for taking aim at the prejudices in a rapidly spreading technology, including potentially reducing the kinds of false positives that could lead police officers misidentify a criminal suspect.
But others suggested that the technology's increasing accuracy could also make it more marketable. The system should be accurate, "but that's just the beginning, not the end, of their ethical obligation," said David Robinson, managing director of the think tank Upturn.
At the center of that debate is Microsoft, whose multimillion-dollar contracts with ICE came under fire amid the agency's separation of migrant parents and children at the Mexican border.
In an open letter to Microsoft chief executive Satya Nadella urging the company to cancel that contract, Microsoft workers pointed to a company blog post in January that said Azure Government would help ICE "accelerate recognition and identification." "We believe that Microsoft must take an ethical stand, and put children and families above profits," the letter said.
A Microsoft spokesman, pointing to a statement last week from Nadella, said the company's "current cloud engagement" with ICE supports relatively anodyne(温和的)office work such as "mail, calendar, massaging and document management workloads." The company said in a statement that its facial-recognition improvements are "part of our going work to address the industry-wide and societal issues on bias."
Criticism of face recognition will probably expand as the technology finds its way into more
arenas, including airports, stores and schools. The Orlando police department said this week that it would not renew its use of Amazon. com's Rekognition system.
Companies "have to acknowledge their moral involvement in the downstream use of their technology,"
Robinson said. "The impulse is that they're going to put a product out there and wash their hands of the consequences. That's unacceptable."
（1）What is "one of the technology's biggest biases" in Paragraph 1?
A. Class bias.
B. Regional difference.
C. Professional prejudice.
D. Racial discrimination.
（2）What can we know about the improvement of facial-recognition technology?
A. Justice and equality have been truly achieved.
B. It is due to the expansion of the photo database.
C. It has already solved all the social issues on biases.
D. The separation of immigrant parents from their children can be avoided.
（3）What is the focus of the face-recognition debate?
A. Data problems.
B. The market value.
C. The application field.
D. A moral issue.（4）What is David Robinson's attitude towards facial-recognition technology?
A. Skeptical.
B. Approval.
C. Optimistic.
D. Neutral.
（5）We can infer from the last paragraph that Robinson thinks _____.
A. companies had better hide from responsibilities
B. companies deny problems with its technical process
C. companies should not launch new products on impulse
D. companies should be responsible for the new product and the consequences
（6）Which can be the suitable title for the passage?
A. The wide use of Microsoft system
B. Fears of facial-recognition technology
C. The improvement of Microsoft system
D. Failure of recognizing black women
【答案】（1）D
（2）B
（3）D
（4）A
（5）D
（6）B
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文，微软面部识别技术改进了肤色识别，宣布其人脸识别技术将会更加精确，但是人们却认为它会带来更大的问题，希望微软把道德置于其利润之上，并且能够为产品以及其带来的后果负责。

（1）考查推理判断。

根据第一段”Microsoft announced this week that its facial-recognition system is now more accurate in identifying people of color, touting (吹嘘）its progress at tackling one of the technology's biggest biases (偏见).“可知微软面部识别技术改进了肤色识别，吹嘘它可以解决该技术最大的偏见，由此可以推断该项技术在人种肤色上有偏见，也就是种族歧视。

故选D。

（2）考查细节理解。

根据第五段中的”The companies have responded in recent months by pouring many more photos into the mix, hoping to train the systems to better tell the differences among more than just white faces.“可知那些公司通过在原有照片中加入更多的照片，通过训练系统，从而提升系统的识别能力，即通过扩充照片数据库来提升系统的识别能力。

故选B。

（3）考查推理判断。

根据第九段中的”At the center of that debate is Microsoft, whose multimillion-dollar contracts with ICE came under fire amid the agency's separation of migrant parents and children at the Mexican border.“；和第十段中的”We believe that Microsoft must take an ethical stand, and put children and families above profits“可知对微软人脸识别技术的争论中心是，它会把墨西哥边缘的移民父母和孩子分开，且人们认为微软必须坚守道德底线，将儿童和家庭置于其利润之上，故推断目前对于脸部识别技术争论的焦点是道德问题。

故选D。

（4）考查推理判断。

根据最后一段中的 "The impulse is that they're going to put a product out there and wash their hands of the consequences. That's unacceptable."可知Robinson认为他们推出了一种产品然后对其后果撒手不管，这是让人难以接受的。

故推断Robinson对人脸识别技术是不支持的。

故选A。

（5）考查推理判断。

根据最后一段中的 "The impulse is that they're going to put a product out there and wash their hands of the consequences. That's unacceptable."可知Robinson认为他们推出了一种产品然后对其后果撒手不管，这是让人难以接受的。

故推断Robinson认为公司应该对自己的产品和产品带来的后果负责到底。

故选D。

（6）考查主旨大意。

纵观全文可知，本文讲述了人们怀疑改进之后的人脸识别技术会带来更多的问题，比如种族歧视和置墨西哥孩子的利益于不顾。

故选B。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇科技类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

7．阅读理解
A story posted by The New York Post Monday tells the tale of Katrina Holte, a Hillsboro woman who quit her job to cosplay a 1950s housewife.
Let me start by expressing admiration to Holte for using her 2019 freedoms to follow her 1950s dreams. Everyone should be so lucky as to get to decide what they wear and how they spend their time. That's the future our foremothers fought for.
But as much fun as I am sure she is having living a vintage (复古的) life, which literally includes watching shows like "I Love Lucy" and listening to vinyl recordings (刻录碟片), I think it's important to remember that being a 1950s housewife was actually totally awful, and something our grandmothers and mothers fought against.
For example, once I called my grandma and asked her for her recipe for Cloud Biscuits, these delicious biscuits she used to make that we would cover with butter and homemade raspberry jam on Thanksgiving.
"Why would you want that?" she said. "Go to the store. Go to the freezer section. Buy some。