孙子兵法(英语)2

孙子兵法（英语）2
虚实第六
VI ea Pints and Strng
孙子曰：凡先处战地而待敌者佚，后处战地而趋战者劳。

Sun Tzu said: hever is first in the field and aaits the ing f the ene, ill be fresh fr the fight; hever is send in the field and has t hasten t battle ill arrive exhausted
故善战者，致人而不致于人。

Therefre the lever batant ipses his ill n the ene, but des nt all the ene＇s ill t be ipsed n hi
能使敌人自至者，利之也；能使敌人不得至者，害之也。

B hlding ut advantages t hi, he an ause the ene t apprah f his n ard; r, b infliting daage, he an ae it ipssible fr the ene t dra near
故敌佚能劳之，饱能饥之，安能动之。

If the ene is taing his ease, he an harass hi; if ell supplied ith fd, he an starve hi ut; if quietl enaped, he an fre hi t ve
出其所必趋，趋其所不意。

Appear at pints hih the ene ust hasten t defend; arh siftl t plaes here u are nt expeted
行千里而不劳者，行于无人之地也；
An ar a arh great distanes ithut distress, if it arhes thrugh untr here the ene is nt
攻而必取者，攻其所不守也。

守而必固者，守其所必攻也。

u an be sure f sueeding in ur attas if u nl atta plaes hih are undefended u an ensure the safet f ur defense if u nl hld psitins that annt be attaed
故善攻者，敌不知其所守；善守者，敌不知其所攻。

Hene that general is sillful in atta hse ppnent des nt n hat t defend; and he is sillful in defense hse ppnent des nt n hat t atta
微乎微乎，至于无形；神乎神乎，至于无声，故能为敌之司命。

divine art f subtlet and sere! Thrugh u e learn t be invisible, thrugh u inaudible; and hene e an hld the ene＇s fate in ur hands
进而不可御者，冲其虚也；退而不可追者，速而不可及也。

u a advane and be abslutel irresistible, if u ae fr the ene＇s ea pints; u a
retire and be safe fr pursuit if ur veents are re rapid than thse f the ene
故我欲战，敌虽高垒深沟，不得不与我战者，攻其所必救也；
If e ish t fight, the ene an be fred t an engageent even thugh he be sheltered behind a high rapart and a deep dith All e need d is atta se ther plae that he ill be bliged t relieve
我不欲战，虽画地而守之，敌不得与我战者，乖其所之也。

If e d nt ish t fight, e an prevent the ene fr engaging us even thugh the lines f ur enapent be erel traed ut n the grund All e need d is t thr sething dd and unauntable in his a
故形人而我无形，则我专而敌分。

B disvering the ene＇s dispsitins and reaining invisible urselves, e an eep ur fres nentrated, hile the ene＇s ust be divided
我专为一，敌分为十，是以十攻其一也。

e an fr a single united bd, hile the ene ust split up int fratins Hene there ill be a hle pitted against separate parts
f a hle, hih eans that e shall be an t the ene＇s fe
则我众敌寡，能以众击寡者，则吾之所与战者约矣。

And if e are able thus t atta an inferir fre ith a superir ne, ur ppnents ill be in dire straits
吾所与战之地不可知，不可知则敌所备者多，敌所备者多，则吾所与战者寡矣。

The spt here e intend t fight ust nt be ade nn; fr then the ene ill have t prepare against a pssible atta at several different pints; and his fres being thus distributed in an diretins, the nubers e shall have t fae at an given pint ill be prprtinatel fe
故备前则后寡，备后则前寡，备左则右寡，备右则左寡，无所不备，则无所不寡。

Fr shuld the ene strengthen his van, he ill eaen his rear; shuld he strengthen his rear, he ill eaen his van; shuld he strengthen his left, he ill eaen his right; shuld he strengthen his right, he ill eaen his left If he sends reinfreents everhere, he ill everhere be ea
寡者，备人者也；众者，使人备己者也。

Nuerial eaness es fr having t prepare against pssible attas; nuerial strength, fr pelling ur adversar t ae these preparatins against us
故知战之地，知战之日，则可千里而会战；
ning the plae and the tie f the ing battle, e a nentrate fr the greatest distanes in rder t fight
不知战之地，不知战日，则左不能救右，右不能救左，前不能救后，后不能救前，而况远者数十里，近者数里乎！
But if neither tie nr plae be nn, then the left ing ill be iptent t sur the right, the right equall iptent t sur the left, the van unable t relieve the rear, r the rear t supprt the van H uh re s if the furthest prtins f the ar are anthing under a hundred LI apart, and even the nearest are separated b several LI!
以吾度之，越人之兵虽多，亦奚益于胜哉！故曰：胜可为也。

Thugh arding t estiate the sldiers f ueh exeed ur n in nuber, that shall advantage the nthing in the atter f vitr I sa then that vitr an be ahieved
敌虽众，可使无斗。

故策之而知得失之计，
Thugh the ene be strnger in nubers, e a prevent hi fr fighting Shee s as t disver his plans and the lielihd f their suess
候之而知动静之理，形之而知死生之地，
Ruse hi, and learn the priniple f his ativit r inativit Fre hi t reveal hiself, s as t find ut his vulnerable spts
角之而知有余不足之处。

arefull pare the ppsing ar ith ur n, s that u a n here strength is superabundant and here it is defiient
故形兵之极，至于无形。

无形则深间不能窥，智者不能谋。

In aing tatial dispsitins, the highest pith u an attain is t neal the; neal ur dispsitins, and u ill be safe fr the pring f the subtlest spies, fr the ahinatins f the isest brains
因形而措胜于众，众不能知。

H vitr a be prdued fr the ut f the ene＇s n tatis--that is hat the ultitude annt prehend
人皆知我所以胜之形，而莫知吾所以制胜之形。

All en an see the tatis hereb I nquer, but hat nne an see is the strateg ut f hih vitr is evlved
故其战胜不复，而应形于无穷。

D nt repeat the tatis hih have gained u ne vitr, but let ur ethds be regulated b the infinite variet f irustanes
夫兵形象水，水之行避高而趋下，
ilitar tatis are lie unt ater; fr ater in its natural urse runs aa fr high plaes and hastens dnards
兵之形避实而击虚；
S in ar, the a is t avid hat is strng and t strie at hat is ea
水因地而制流，兵因敌而制胜。

ater shapes its urse arding t the nature f the grund ver hih it fls; the sldier rs ut his vitr in relatin t the fe h he is faing
故兵无常势，水无常形。

Therefre, ust as ater retains n nstant shape, s in arfare there are n nstant nditins
能因敌变化而取胜者，谓之神。

He h an dif his tatis in relatin t his ppnent and thereb sueed in inning, a be alled a heaven-brn aptain
故五行无常胜，四时无常位，日有短长，月有死生。

The five eleents (ater, fire, d, etal, earth) are nt alas equall predinant; the fur seasns ae a fr eah ther in turn There are shrt das and lng; the n has its perids f aning and axing
军争第七
VII aneuvering
孙子曰：凡用兵之法，将受命于君，
Sun Tzu said: In ar, the general reeives his ands fr the svereign
合军聚众，交和而舍，
Having lleted an ar and nentrated his fres, he ust blend and harnize the different eleents theref befre pithing his ap
莫难于军争。

军争之难者，以迂为直，以患为利。

After that, es tatial aneuvering, than hih there is nthing re diffiult The diffiult f tatial aneuvering nsists in turning the devius int the diret, and isfrtune int gain
故迂其途，而诱之以利，后人发，先人至，此知迂直之计者也。

Thus, t tae a lng and iruitus rute, after entiing the ene ut f the a, and thugh starting after hi, t ntrive t reah the gal befre hi, shs nledge f the artifie f deviatin
军争为利，军争为危。

aneuvering ith an ar is advantageus; ith an undisiplined ultitude, st dangerus
举军而争利则不及，委军而争利则辎重捐。

If u set a full equipped ar in arh in rder t snath an advantage, the hanes are that u ill be t late n the ther hand, t detah a fling lun fr the purpse invlves the sarifie f its baggage and stres
是故卷甲而趋，日夜不处，倍道兼行，百里而争利，则擒三将军，Thus, if u rder ur en t rll up their buff-ats, and ae fred arhes ithut halting da r night, vering duble the usual distane at a streth, ding a hundred LI in rder t rest an advantage, the leaders f all ur three divisins ill fall int the hands f the ene
劲者先，疲者后，其法十一而至；
The strnger en ill be in frnt, the aded nes ill fall behind, and n this plan nl ne-tenth f ur ar ill reah its destinatin
五十里而争利，则蹶上将军，其法半至；
If u arh fift LI in rder t utaneuver the ene, u ill lse the leader f ur first divisin, and nl half ur fre ill reah the gal
三十里而争利，则三分之二至。

If u arh thirt LI ith the sae bet, t-thirds f ur ar ill arrive
是故军无辎重则亡，无粮食则亡，无委积则亡。

e a tae it then that an ar ithut its baggage-train is lst; ithut prvisins it is lst; ithut bases
f suppl it is lst
故不知诸侯之谋者，不能豫交；
e annt enter int allianes until e are aquainted ith the designs
f ur neighbrs
不知山林、险阻、沮泽之形者，不能行军；
e are nt fit t lead an ar n the arh unless e are failiar ith the fae
f the untr--its untains and frests, its pitfalls and preipies, its arshes and saps
不用乡导者，不能得地利。

e shall be unable t turn natural advantage t aunt unless e ae use
f lal guides
故兵以诈立，以利动，
In ar, pratie dissiulatin, and u ill sueed
以分和为变者也。

hether t nentrate r t divide ur trps, ust be deided b irustanes
故其疾如风，其徐如林，
Let ur rapidit be that f the ind, ur patness that f the frest
侵掠如火，不动如山，
In raiding and plundering be lie fire, is ivabilit lie a untain
难知如阴，动如雷震。

Let ur plans be dar and ipenetrable as night, and hen u ve, fall lie a thunderblt
掠乡分众，廓地分利，
hen u plunder a untrside, let the spil be divided angst ur en; hen u apture ne territr, ut it up int alltents fr the benefit f the sldier
悬权而动。

Pnder and deliberate befre u ae a ve
先知迂直之计者胜，此军争之法也。

He ill nquer h has learnt the artifie f deviatin Suh is the art f aneuvering
《军政》曰：“言不相闻，故为之金鼓；视不相见，故为之旌旗。

” The B f Ar anageent sas: n the field f battle, the spen rd des nt arr far enugh: hene the institutin f gngs and drus Nr an rdinar bets be seen learl enugh: hene the institutin f banners and flags
夫金鼓旌旗者，所以一民之耳目也。

Gngs and drus, banners and flags, are eans hereb the ears and ees f the hst a be fused n ne partiular pint
民既专一，则勇者不得独进，怯者不得独退，此用众之法也。

The hst thus fring a single united bd, is it ipssible either fr the brave t advane alne, r fr the ardl t retreat alne This is the art f handling large asses f en
故夜战多金鼓，昼战多旌旗，所以变人之耳目也。

In night-fighting, then, ae uh use f signal-fires and drus, and in fighting b da, f flags and banners, as a eans f influening the ears and ees f ur ar
三军可夺气，将军可夺心。

A hle ar a be rbbed f its spirit; a ander-in-hief a be rbbed f his presene f ind
是故朝气锐，昼气惰，暮气归。

N a sldier＇s spirit is eenest in the rning; b nnda it has begun t flag; and in the evening, his ind is bent nl n returning t ap
善用兵者，避其锐气，击其惰归，此治气者也。

A lever general, therefre, avids an ar hen its spirit is een, but attas it hen it is sluggish and inlined t return This is the art f studing ds
以治待乱，以静待哗，此治心者也。

Disiplined and al, t aait the appearane f disrder and hubbub angst the ene:--this is the art f retaining self-pssessin
以近待远，以佚待劳，以饱待饥，此治力者也。

T be near the gal hile the ene is still far fr it, t ait at ease hile the ene is tiling and struggling, t be ell-fed hile the ene is faished:--this is the art f husbanding ne＇s strength
无邀正正之旗，无击堂堂之陈，此治变者也。

T refrain fr interepting an ene hse banners are in perfet rder, t refrain fr attaing an ar dran up in al and nfident arra:--this is the art f studing irustanes
故用兵之法，高陵勿向，背丘勿逆，
It is a ilitar axi nt t advane uphill against the ene, nr t ppse hi hen he es dnhill
佯北勿从，锐卒勿攻，
D nt pursue an ene h siulates flight; d nt atta sldiers hse teper is een
饵兵勿食，归师勿遏，
D nt sall bait ffered b the ene D nt interfere ith an ar that is returning he
围师遗阙，穷寇勿迫，
hen u surrund an ar, leave an utlet free D nt press a desperate fe t hard
此用兵之法也。

Suh is the art f arfare
九变第八
VIII Variatin in Tatis
孙子曰：凡用兵之法，将受命于君，合军聚合。

Sun Tzu said: In ar, the general reeives his ands fr the svereign, llets his ar and nentrates his fres
泛地无舍，衢地合交，绝地无留，围地则谋，死地则战，
hen in diffiult untr, d nt enap In untr here high rads interset, in hands ith ur allies D nt linger in dangerusl islated psitins In heed-in situatins, u ust resrt t stratage In desperate psitin, u ust fight
途有所不由，军有所不击，城有所不攻，地有所不争，君命有所不受。

There are rads hih ust nt be flled, aries hih ust be nt attaed, tns hih ust be besieged, psitins hih ust nt be ntested, ands f the svereign hih ust nt be beed
故将通于九变之利者，知用兵矣；
The general h thrughl understands the advantages that apan variatin f tatis ns h t handle his trps
将不通九变之利，虽知地形，不能得地之利矣；
The general h des nt understand these, a be ell aquainted ith the nfiguratin f the untr, et he ill nt be able t turn his nledge t pratial aunt
治兵不知九变之术，虽知五利，不能得人之用矣。

S, the student f ar h is unversed in the art f ar f varing his plans, even thugh he be aquainted ith the Five Advantages, ill fail t ae the best use f his en
是故智者之虑，必杂于利害，
Hene in the ise leader＇s plans, nsideratins f advantage and f disadvantage ill be blended tgether
杂于利而务可信也，
If ur expetatin f advantage be tepered in this a, e a sueed in aplishing the essential part f ur shees
杂于害而患可解也。

If, n the ther hand, in the idst f diffiulties e are alas read t seize an advantage, e a extriate urselves fr isfrtune
是故屈诸侯者以害，役诸侯者以业，趋诸侯者以利。

Redue the hstile hiefs b infliting daage n the; and ae truble fr the, and eep the nstantl engaged; hld ut speius allureents, and ae the rush t an given pint
故用兵之法，无恃其不来，恃吾有以待之；无恃其不攻，恃吾有所不
可攻也。

The art f ar teahes us t rel nt n the lielihd f the ene＇s nt ing, but n ur n readiness t reeive hi; nt n the hane f his nt attaing, but rather n the fat that e have ade ur psitin unassailable
故将有五危，必死可杀，必生可虏，忿速可侮，廉洁可辱，爱民可烦。

There are five dangerus faults hih a affet a general: (1) Relessness, hih leads t destrutin; (2) ardie, hih leads t apture; (3) a hast teper, hih an be prved b insults; (4) a delia f hnr hih is sensitive t shae; ver-sliitude fr his en, hih expses hi t rr and truble
凡此五者，将之过也，用兵之灾也。

These are the five besetting sins f a general, ruinus t the ndut f ar
覆军杀将，必以五危，不可不察也。

hen an ar is verthrn and its leader slain, the ause ill surel be fund ang these five dangerus faults Let the be a subet f editatin
行军第九
IX The Ar n the arh
孙子曰：凡处军相敌，绝山依谷，
Sun Tzu said: e e n t the questin f enaping the ar, and bserving signs f the ene Pass quil ver untains, and eep in the neighbrhd f valles
视生处高，战隆无登，此处山之军也。

ap in high plaes, faing the sun D nt lib heights in rder t fight S uh fr untain arfare
绝水必远水，
After rssing a river, u shuld get far aa fr it
客绝水而来，勿迎之于水内，令半渡而击之利，
hen an invading fre rsses a river in its nard arh, d nt advane t eet it in id-strea It ill be best t let half the ar get arss, and then deliver ur atta
欲战者，无附于水而迎客，
If u are anxius t fight, u shuld nt g t eet the invader near a river hih he has t rss
视生处高，无迎水流，此处水上之军也。

r ur raft higher up than the ene, and faing the sun D nt ve up-strea t eet the ene S uh fr river arfare
绝斥泽，唯亟去无留，
In rssing salt-arshes, ur sle nern shuld be t get ver the quil, ithut an dela
若交军于斥泽之中，必依水草而背众树，此处斥泽之军也。

If fred t fight in a salt-arsh, u shuld have ater and grass near u, and get ur ba t a lup f trees S uh fr peratins in salt-arhes
平陆处易，右背高，前死后生，此处平陆之军也。

In dr, level untr, tae up an easil aessible psitin ith rising grund t ur right and n ur rear, s that the danger a be in frnt, and safet lie behind S uh fr apaigning in flat untr
凡此四军之利，黄帝之所以胜四帝也。

These are the fur useful branhes f ilitar nledge hih enabled the ell Eperr t vanquish fur several svereigns
凡军好高而恶下，贵阳而贱阴，
All aries prefer high grund t l and sunn plaes t dar
养生而处实，军无百疾，是谓必胜。

If u are areful f ur en, and ap n hard grund, the ar ill be free fr disease f
ever ind, and this ill spell vitr
丘陵堤防，必处其阳而右背之，此兵之利，地之助也。

hen u e t a hill r a ban, up the sunn side, ith the slpe n ur right rear Thus u ill at ne at fr the benefit f ur sldiers and utilize the natural advantages f the grund
上雨水流至，欲涉者，待其定也。

hen, in nsequene f heav rains up-untr, a river hih u ish t frd is sllen and fleed ith fa, u ust ait until it subsides
凡地有绝涧、天井、天牢、天罗、天陷、天隙，必亟去之，勿近也。

untr in hih there are preipitus liffs ith trrents running beteen, deep natural hlls, nfined plaes, tangled thiets, quagires and revasses, shuld be left ith all pssible speed and nt apprahed
吾远之，敌近之；吾迎之，敌背之。

hile e eep aa fr suh plaes, e shuld get the ene t apprah the; hile e fae the, e shuld let the ene have the n his rear
军旁有险阻、潢井、蒹葭、小林、□①荟者，必谨覆索之，此伏奸之所处也。

If in the neighbrhd f ur ap there shuld be an hill untr, pnds surrunded b aquati grass, hll basins filled ith reeds, r ds ith thi undergrth, the ust be arefull ruted ut and searhed; fr these are plaes here en in abush r insidius spies are liel t be luring
敌近而静者，恃其险也；
hen the ene is lse at hand and reains quiet, he is reling n the natural strength f his psitin
远而挑战者，欲人之进也；
hen he eeps alf and tries t prve a battle, he is anxius fr the ther side t advane
其所居易者，利也；
If his plae f enapent is eas f aess, he is tendering a bait
众树动者，来也；众草多障者，疑也；
veent angst the trees f a frest shs that the ene is advaning The appearane f a nuber f sreens in the idst f thi grass eans that the ene ants t ae us suspiius
鸟起者，伏也；兽骇者，覆也；
The rising f birds in their flight is the sign f an abusade Startled beasts indiate that a sudden atta is ing
尘高而锐者，车来也；卑而广者，徒来也；散而条达者，樵采也；少而往来者，营军也；
hen there is dust rising in a high lun, it is the sign f harits advaning; hen the dust is l, but spread ver a ide area, it betens the apprah f infantr hen it branhes ut in different diretins, it shs that parties have been sent t llet fired A fe luds f dust ving t and fr signif that the ar is enaping
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