2019-2020学年高考英语一轮复习 Unit 6 Design讲义 北师大版必修2

Unit 6 Design
一、刷黑板——词汇全听写先过识记默写关Ⅰ.阅读词汇(英译汉)
[第一屏听写]
1．*wavy adj. 波状的
2．missile n. 导弹
3．mane n. 鬃毛
4．marble n. 大理石
5．*loch n. 湖；海湾
6．*fairytale n. 童话
7．*granite n. 花岗岩
8．*phoenix n. 凤凰
[第二屏听写]
9．rooster n．雄鸡，公鸡
10．bat n. 蝙蝠
11．*subway n. (美)地铁
12．*angel n. 天使
13．*offering n. 供品，祭品
14．*landlord n. 房东
15．air conditioner 空调
16．balcony n. 阳台
Ⅱ.高频词汇(汉译英)
[第三屏听写]
1．abstract_adj. 抽象的，深奥的2．straight_adj. 直的
adv. 直，直接
3．imagination_n. 想像；想像力
4．painter_n. 画家；油漆匠
5．pain_n. 痛苦；疼，痛
6．exhibition n. 展览会
7．poetry n. 诗(总称)
[第四屏听写]
8．shade n．(色彩的)浓淡；阴影9．sweat n. 汗
10．youth n. 青春；年轻人
11．insect_n. 昆虫
12．fix_one's_eyes_on 注视，凝视
13．creature n. 动物；(有特性或特质的)人14．artist_n. 画家；艺术家15．valuable_adj. 贵重的，有价值的16．typical_adj. 典型的
[第五屏听写]
17．elegantly adv. 优雅地
18．*emphasise vt. 强调
19．*detail n. 细节，详情
20．cloth_n. 布，布料
21．fold_n. 皱褶
22．shallow_ adj. 浅的
23．shore n. 岸边
24．eyesight n. 视力
25．concrete_n. 混凝土
[第六屏听写]
26．*feature_n．特征，特色
27．roof n. 房顶
28.statue_n. 雕像
29．castle_ n. 城堡
30．skyscraper n. 摩天大楼
31．architect n. 建筑师
32．ruin n. 毁坏，毁灭
33．sort_of 有几分地
34．café_ n. 咖啡馆
35．tomb_n. 坟墓
[第七屏听写]
36．date_back_(to) 追溯(到)
37．dynasty_n. 朝代，王朝38．religious adj. 宗教的；虔诚的39．purpose_n. 目的，意图40．pattern_n. 式样，模式41．character_n. (书写或印刷的)字，字体42．happiness n. 幸福，快乐
43．temple_n. 庙宇，寺庙
[第八屏听写]
44．relate_(to) vt. 把……与……联系起来45．jewellery n. (总称)珠宝
46．try_out 试用，试验47．cottage_n. 村舍，小屋
48．rent_n. 租金
49．worm_ n. 虫，小虫
50．pipe_n. 管子
51．mercy_n. 慈悲，怜悯，同情心
[第九屏听写]
52．washroom n．盥洗室
53．damp_ adj. 潮湿的
54．bathtub n. 浴缸，澡盆55．basement n. 地下室
56．bathe n. 洗澡；沐浴
57．fence_n. 栅栏，围墙58．narrow_adj. 狭窄的
59．hold_one's_breath 屏住呼吸
[第十一屏听写]
60．garage n．车库
61．garbage_n. 垃圾，废物62．apartment_n. (美)公寓住宅63．downtown adv. 在市区，往市区
adj. 市区的
64．lorry n. 卡车，载重汽车65．curtain n. 窗帘
66．conclusion_n. 结论；结束
二、刷清单——热身自盘点再过基本应用关(一)核心单词
阅读单词1.wavy adj. 波状的
2.missile n. 导弹
3.mane n. 鬃毛
4.marble n. 大理石
5.loch n. 湖；海湾
6.fairytale n．童话
7.granite n. 花岗岩
8.phoenix n. 凤凰
9.rooster n. 雄鸡，公鸡
10.bat n. 蝙蝠
11.subway n．(美)地铁
12.angel n. 天使
13.offering n. 供品，祭品
ndlord n. 房东
15.air conditioner 空调
3.But the
house on Mango
Street is not the way they described it at all.
但是芒果街上的房子根本不是他们所描述的那样。

the way作先行词时，其后定
语从句的关系词可用that，
in which或不填。

并不是所有的人都喜欢她幽
默的主持方式。

Not everyone likes the
humorous way
(that/in_which)_she_hosts
_the_program.
4.Our house would be white with trees around it, a
great big yard and grass growing without a fence. 我们的房子应该是白色的，树木环绕，有一个大院子，草随意生长没有篱笆阻隔。

“with＋宾语＋宾语补足
语”结构。

看到她躺在床上，绷带绑着
腿，我为她感到难过希望她能
尽快康复。

Seeing her lying in bed
with_legs_wrapped_in_band
ages,_I felt sorry for her
and hoped that she would
recover soon.
(四)初中考点再回顾
高频考查类——记熟文化差异类——辨清易忘易错类——勤览
1.be_popular_among/with 受……欢迎
2.be_similar_to 与……相似
3.sb._be_the_first_to_do_sth .第一个做某事的人
4.be present 出席
5.be relaxed about 对……随意
6.be stressed out 紧张1.take_medicine 吃药
2.(the)_next_Saturday 下
周六
3.be ready to do sth. 愿
意做某事
4.get sb. ready 准备好
5.give sb. a ready hand 乐
于助人
6.live up to 90 years 活
到90岁
1.How's it going？情况
怎么样？
2.How's the weather in
Beijing？
北京的天气如何？
3.接省略to的动词不定
式作宾语补足语的动词或
短语：
一感feel二听hear;
listen to三让let;
have; make四看look at;
see；watch; notice半帮
助help
一、过重点单词——纵引横联超人一点1．imagination n．想像；想像力
[经典例句] Children often have very vivid imagination. (朗文P1134)
儿童常有非常生动的想像力。

(1)beyond imagination 超出想像的，难以想像的
(2)imagine v. 想像
imagine (doing) sth. 想像(做)某事
imagine sb./one's doing sth. 想像某人做某事
imagine sb./sth. as/to be ... 把某人/某物想像成……
(3)imaginable adj. 想像的，可想像的
imaginary adj. 假想的；虚构的
[多角练透]
单句语法填空
①Sometimes, imagination (imagine) is more important than knowledge during our studies.
②The damage that staying up late can do to our health is beyond imagination.
完成句子
③I can't_imagine_his/him_living_in_the_old_house by himself without electricity.
我无法想像他独自住在那所没有电的老房子里。

④I never knew my grandmother, but I always imagine_her_as/to_be a kind and gentle person.
我从没了解过我祖母，但我总是把她想像成一位和善、温柔的人。

2．pain n．痛苦；疼，痛；劳苦，努力
[高考佳句] No pains no gains. I am sure that with your great efforts, you will enjoy a colorful and fruitful life here.(2014·江西高考书面表达) 不劳无获，我相信在你的努力下，在这里你会过上丰富多彩的生活。

(1)have pains/a pain in ……部位疼
be in pain 在痛苦中；在苦恼中
spare no pains/effort to do sth. 不遗余力/全力以赴做某事
take pains to do sth. 尽力/费苦心/下苦功做某事
(2)painful adj. 疼痛的；痛苦的
单句语法填空
①When the baby touched the hot water, he cried out in pain.
②Applying for jobs can be a long and painful (pain) process.
③We should take pains to_improve (improve) ourselves through learning and get prepared for the future.
完成句子
④We have been demanded to spare_no_pains/effort_to_finish_the_task.
我们被要求要不遗余力完成这项任务。

⑤Kobe has_a_pain_in_the_back,_which makes him painful.
科比背疼，这让他很痛苦。

[名师指津] pain 指“精神上的痛苦”时为不可数名词；指“肉体上的疼痛”时，可数、不可数均可；指“辛苦，刻苦，努力”时，要用复数形式。

3．typical adj.典型的，有代表性的；象征性的；特有的
[教材原句] The painting, named Poppy, is a typical example of Chen's style.
这幅名为《罂粟》的画是陈逸飞艺术风格的典型代表。

(1)be typical of ... 是……的代表，是典型的……
It is typical of sb.to do sth. 某人一向做某事
(2)typically adv. 典型地；有代表性地；向来；通常
[题点全练] 单句语法填空
①It is typical of students to stay up reading till late night before the final exam.
②He was typically (typical) modest about his achievements.
③This meal is typical of local cookery, but I've never tasted it.
4．ruin vt.毁坏，毁灭；使破产n．毁灭，毁坏；废墟，遗址(常用复数)
[教材原句] The castle was in ruins for 200 years until it was rebuilt in 1932.
这座城堡荒废了近200年，直到1932年才被重新修建。

(1)ruin oneself 自取灭亡
ruin one's health/fame 毁坏某人的健康/名誉
(2)in ruins 毁坏；严重受损；破败不堪
bring sb.to ruin 使某人失败；使某人倾家荡产
fall/go/come into/to ruin 毁灭；败落
[多角练透]
单句语法填空
①If you're addicted to computer games, you'll ruin yourself (you).
②Many factories fell into ruin after the financial crisis in the world.
单句改错
③You will bring yourself to ruins if you don't take your study
seriously.ruins→ruin
完成句子
④My father was_ruining_his_health through worry.
忧虑严重损害了我父亲的健康。

⑤The whole city lay in_ruins after the earthquake, which made us lying awake all night.
地震之后整个城市成了一片废墟，这使我们彻夜未眠。

5．relate vt.& vi.联系，把……与……联系起来；叙述，讲述
[教材原句] People to whom the dead person was related would make these offerings on special days and during festivals.
那些和死者有关系的人会在特殊的日子和节日期间做这些祭品。

(1)be related to 与……有关系
relate ... to/with ... 把……与……联系起来
relate to ... 和……有关联；和……合得来
(2)in/with relation to 与……有关；涉及；与……相比
have no relation to 与……没关系
[多角练透]
单句语法填空
①The report related high wages to/with labour shortages.
②This relates to something I mentioned earlier.
完成句子
③The r ise in crime is likely to be_related_to_an_increase in unemployment.
犯罪率的上升可能和失业人数的增加有关系。

④Latest development in_relation_to_the_disease_will be discussed in detail in next chapter.
下一章会详细地谈论这种疾病的最新进展。

6．mercy n．慈悲，怜悯，同情心；幸运；恩惠
[教材原句] He had no mercy so we had to leave fast.
他一点也不仁慈，所以我们不得不快点离开。

(1)have (no) mercy on 对……(不)同情
show mercy to 对……表示怜悯
at the mercy of 任由……摆布，在……支配下
It's a mercy that ... ……真是万幸
out of mercy 出于仁慈
without mercy 无情地
(2)merciful adj. 宽大的，仁慈的，慈悲的
be merciful to 对……仁慈
[练通重点]
单句语法填空
①The kind woman showed mercy_to_the poor man and gave him some water.
②He didn't finish his work in time and we had no mercy on him at all.
③The mother left the dying baby in the hospital without mercy.
④They asked her to be merciful (mercy) to the prisoners.
完成句子
⑤They were lost at sea, at_the_mercy_of wind and weather.
他们在海上迷失了方向，任凭风和天气的摆布。

⑥It's_a_mercy_that_he got a timely treatment.
幸运的是他得到了及时的治疗。

7．conclusion n．结论；结束
[经典例句] These are the report's main conclusions.(朗文P444)
这些就是这篇报告的主要结论。

(1)come to/arrive at/reach/draw a conclusion
得出结论
bring ... to a conclusion 使……结束
in conclusion (＝to conclude) 最后(一句话)
(2)conclude v. 推断出；推论出；结束
conclude that 结论是
[多角练透]
单句语法填空
①From these facts we can draw some conclusions (conclude) about how the pyramids were built.
②In conclusion, so long as you insist on doing so, you will reap a harvest.
完成句子
③When the group discussion is nearing its end, make sure to conclude_it_with important points.
小组讨论接近尾声时，一定要用几条要点总结讨论。

④I've come_to/arrived_at/drawn/reached_a_conclusion that he's not the right person for the job.
我断定他不适合做这项工作。

Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．Nobody can imagine her doing (do) such an awful thing.
2．Drunk driving not only ruined himself (he) but also killed several passers­by.
3．The king showed no mercy to the prisoners and killed all of them.
4．They came to a conclusion that someone had broken into the room and stolen something important.
5．The position calls for related (relate) experience in the field and being skilled at using computers.
6．The children's paintings are on exhibition at school.
7．She took pains to_see (see) that everyone ate well.
Ⅱ.单句改错
1．We should learn to show mercy on others.on→to
2．Unless you take pain to prepare, you won't win the match.pain→pains
3．Bathing in the fog, we couldn't see the mountain clearly.Bathing→Bathed 4．Now we can reach the conclusion the earth is round.conclusion后加that 5．It's typical for John to sit on the sofa and turn on the TV as soon as he gets home from work.for→of
Ⅲ.完成句子
1．Jack is late again. It_is_typical_of_him to keep others waiting.
杰克又迟到了，他就是爱让别人等。

2．We will conclude_the_concert_with the National Anthem.
我们将以国歌结束这场音乐会。

3．What happened in your childhood is_related_to your present state of mind.
你童年时的遭遇同你目前的心境相关。

4．He returned to his homeland with_the_purpose_of serving his own people.
他返回祖国，意在为祖国人民服务。

5．In fifteen terrible seconds, a large city lay_in_ruins.
在可怕的15秒钟内，一座大城市就沦为了一片废墟。

二、过短语、句式——学通学活靓人一眼
1．fix one's eyes on注视，凝视
[教材原句] Its black eyes, which are fixed on the cabbage, show the creature's
interest in the vegetable.
它的黑眼睛正盯着白菜，显示出对白菜的极大兴趣。

(1)keep/have an eye on 照看，照管；注视，监视；留神
look sb. in the eye 直视某人
catch sb.'s eye 引起某人的注意
have an eye for 对……有鉴赏眼光
(2)fix one's attention on/upon 集中注意力于
[多角练透]
单句语法填空
①She w as cooking while she was keeping an eye on her baby sleeping in the cradle.
②A good artist must have an eye for color.
单句改错
③She knew he was lying because he couldn't look her on the eye.on→in
④He fixed his attention in an interesting story book.in→on/upo n
完成句子
⑤The sad boy lay in bed and fixed_his_eyes_on the ceiling.
那个难过的小男孩躺在床上，凝视着天花板。

[联想发散]
表示“专注于；专心于”的短语还有：
①concentrate on ②focus on
③put one's heart into ④be buried in
⑤abandon oneself to ⑥be lost in
⑦be devoted to ⑧be absorbed in
2．date back (to)追溯(到)
[教材原句] Paper cuts of animals have been found in tombs which date back to the time of the Northern and Southern Dynasty!
墓穴中发现的动物形状的剪纸可以追溯到南北朝时期！
(1)date from＝date back to 追溯到，始于
(2)set a date for ... 确定……的日期
up to date 最新式的，现代的
out of date 过时的；过期的
①My interest in stamp collecting dates_from/back_to my schooldays.
我从学生时代就开始爱好集邮。

②The news you told me was out_of_date but you thought it was up_to_date.
你告诉我的新闻是过时的，但你却认为是最新的。

[名师指津] date from和date back to常指“以现在为起点”向前推，故在句中作谓语时，常用一般现在时。

该短语没有进行时态，也没有被动形式，常用其现在分词形式作后置定语。

3．try out试用，试验
[教材原句] I was also ready to try out paper­cutting for myself.
我也准备自己尝试剪纸。

[归纳拓展]
①The method seems good but it needs to be tried out.
这个方法似乎不错，但需要试验一下。

②These teams are going to try out for the Olympic Games.
这些队伍要参加奥林匹克运动会的选拔赛。

③Girls like to try on beautiful dresses, but they seldom buy them.
女孩喜欢试穿漂亮的裙子，但她们很少买。

①They walked off and left me sitting (sit) there all by myself.
他们走了，留下我一个人孤零零地坐在那里。

②Don't leave_the_light_on when you are not in the room.
不在房间时，别让灯开着。

③What disappoints me is that she leaves me to_finish (finish) the work by myself.
使我失望的是她让我一个人完成这项工作。

[名师指津] 在“leave＋复合宾语”结构中，宾补为现在分词时，通常表示主动、进
行的动作；宾补为过去分词时，通常表示被动、完成的动作；宾补为不定式时，通常表示动作过程。

5．动词不定式作目的状语
To_emphasise_the_woman_even_more,_Chen adds a lot of detail to the fan and the cloth of her dress, and chooses to paint the background behind the woman black.
为了进一步突出这位女子，陈(逸飞)在她的扇子和衣服的布料上加入了很多细节，并选择黑色作为女子的背景颜色。

(1)在动词不定式前可加上in order (to), so as (to)等用以表示目的，其区别在于in order to可以位于句首或句中，so as to不能置于句首。

(2)动词不定式还可以作结果状语，一般放在句子后面，且常表示出乎意料的结果，常与only, just等词连用。

①_In_order_to/To_keep_warm,_we shut all the windows.
为了保暖，我们把所有窗户都关上了。

②I hurried through my work so_as_to/in_order_to be in time for the wonderful TV programme.
我匆匆忙忙地忙完这项工作以便能够赶上精彩的电视节目。

③Mr.Green and his wife hurried to the station, only to_be_told (tell) that the train had left.
格林先生和他的妻子匆忙赶到车站，结果却被告知火车已离开了。

[名师指津] 现在分词作结果状语则表示意料之中的结果。

④He sold his farm, thus gaining (gain) enough money for his journey.
他卖掉了农场，从而获得了足够的旅行费用。

Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．Lost (lose) in thought, he was nearly knocked down by a speeding car.
2．The doctor sat with his eyes quietly fixed (fix) on his bright face.
3．He's got the right man and wants to try him out on the job.
4．To_finish (finish) the project in time, the staff were working at weekends.
5．Jack's humour in his speech left the audience laughing (laugh) all the time.
Ⅱ.单句改错
1．He got off the bus hurriedly, left his umbrella on the bus.left→leaving 2．The bad weather left the project half finish.finish→finished
3．My family has some paper money dated back to the Qing Dynasty.dated→dating 4．It began when a teacher suggested I try out the basketball team.out后加for
5．Seeing from the top of the mountain, the city looks more beautiful.Seeing→Seen
Ⅲ.翻译句子
1．大部分饭菜宾客都没动，因为它们的味道不可口。

(leave＋宾语＋过去分词)
The_guests_left_most_of_the_dishes_untouched,_because_they_didn't_taste_del icious.
2．我喜欢我们英语老师上课的方式。

(the way作先行词的定语从句)
I_like_the_way_(in_which/that)_our_English_teacher_gives_his_lessons.
3．为了鼓励同学们进行户外锻炼，我校于4月10号举行了一次登山比赛。

(in order to do sth.)
In_order_to_encourage_the_students_to_take_outdoor_exercise,_our_school_org anized_a_mountain­climbing_on_April_10.
4．去年他一直努力学习，从而顺利通过了这个测试。

(现在分词作结果状语)
He_was_working_very_hard_last_year,_passing_the_test_successfully.
三、过语法、写作——写对写美高人一筹
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．I will always remember the first lesson that was given by Miss Liu.
2．He is the only one of the teachers who knows (know) French in our school.
3．This is the bank whose office was broken into last night.
4．The old man likes reading the newspaper which/that contains important information every day.
5．We have_known (know) each other for a long time.
6．There is a blackboard in the front of our classroom.
7．There is a bridge over the river. We can go across the river easily.
8．The sun sinks below the horizon. The night falls.
9．They walked across the playground and came to the dining room.
10．I walked through the forest, tired and hungry.
Ⅱ.单句改错
1．The only thing which you can do is to give in.which→that
2．Tom is the only boy who are on time.are→is
3．I refuse to accept the blame for something what was someone else's fault.what→that
4．We walked together beyond Tian'an Men Square.beyond→acro ss
5．The Smiths have gone towards New York.towards→to
6．I was driving my car through a muddy path.through→along
Ⅲ.完成句子
1．Fish were swimming below_the_surface_of_the_water.
鱼在水面下游动。

2．She is now living in a flat above_the_post_office.
她现在住在邮局上面的一套公寓里。

3．My house is in_the_north_of_the_Beijing_city.
我家在北京城的北部。

4．We often talk about the persons and things that_we_remember.
我们常常谈起我们记得的那些人和事。

5．Tom came back, which_made_us_very_happy.
汤姆回来了，这使我们很高兴。

6．Tu Youyou is a woman scientist whose_name_is_known_all_over_the_world.
屠呦呦是位闻名世界的女科学家。

[题目要求]
请你就下表所提供的信息用英语写一篇短文，简要介绍德国著名作曲家巴赫。

词数100左右。

[补写提示] 请按提示线索补写下列习作的中间段落
Johann Sebastian Bach was born into a musical family in 1685 in Eisenach, Germany. 巴赫有一个不幸的童年。

9岁丧母，10岁丧父。

少年时期靠奖学金上学。

1702年毕业，1703年成为一名小提琴手。

此后创作了许多曲子。

晚年双目失明仍坚持创作。

1750年在莱比锡去世。

As a great composer, Bach is one of the most important people in the history of western culture.
[答案示例]
Johann Sebastian Bach was born into a musical family in 1685 in Eisenach, Germany. Bach had an unhappy childhood. At the age of nine, he lost his mother, and the next year his father died. When young, he went to school on a scholarship and graduated in 1702. And then in 1703, he became a violinist. And from then on, he composed a lot of works. Unfortunately, he lost his sight completely in his later life. However, this didn't discourage him from working on music, and he still kept on creating many works. Bach died in Leipzig in 1750.
As a great composer, Bach is one of the most important people in the history of western culture.
练一阅读理解提速练限时35分钟
第一节(共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分)
A
(2018·潍坊模拟)
Shanghai Air & Hotel with Transfers/One Day Hangzhou City Tour(PK0482737SHA06) Package Inclusive
◎Return Air Tickets
◎2 Nights Accommodation
◎Return Airport Transfers
◎One Day Hangzhou City Tour
Booking Period：29 Jan.2018 to 31 Dec. 2018
Travel Period：29 Jan. 2018 to 31 Dec. 2018
ONE DAY HANGZHOU CITY TOUR
It is a city rich with history and culture, spanning back over 2,000 years. With its inviting views and outstanding scenery, the area soon became popular with artists, poets and painters seeking inspiration in this little bit of paradise.
Our first stop is Six Harmonies Pagoda. You will get to visit the charming museum and snap some photos in front of this architectural marvel that was built in the Song Dynasty.
Next stop will be a visit to Meijiawu Tea Village, for a traditional tea ceremony and its significance to Chinese culture.
After lunch, the beautiful view of West Lake is going to greet us. We will have a cruise (游览) across West Lake to experience peace and serenity like no place else in the Shanghai area. The unforgettable scenery includes Three Pools Mirroring the Moon, Bai and Su Causeways, Solitary Hill, and Leifeng Pagoda, etc. The boat ride ends at Viewing Fish at Flower Harbor. We will have the chance to walk along on Su Causeway, and feed the fish in the Red Fish Pond to pray for the good luck.
Pickup Time：Between 7：30 a．m.～8：30 a．m.
Duration: 10 hrs
2­WAY SHANGHAI PUDONG INTERNA TIONAL AIRPORT TRANSFERS
Transfer between Shanghai Pudong International Airport (PVG) to your hotel is provided by mini bus. On arrival, you will be met by our driver after custom clearance.
Should you require further assistance, please contact our hotline: ＋86 21 6322 3855
语篇解读：本文是一篇应用文。

主要讲述了杭州一日游的旅行安排。

21．What service will you get from One Day Hangzhou City Package Tour?
A．Round­trip air tickets.
B．One day accommodation.
C．Free food service.
D．Force­shopping.
解析：选A 细节理解题。

根据Package Inclusive中的第一条“Return Air Tickets”可知选项A正确。

22．Which tourist attraction will you visit first?
A．Meijiawu Tea Village. B．Six Harmonies Pagoda.
C．West Lake. D．Su Causeways.
解析：选 B 细节理解题。

根据“Our first stop is Six Harmonies Pagoda.”一句可知选项B正确。

23．How will you get to your hotel from the airport?
A．By air. B．By train.
C．By bus. D．By ship.
解析：选C 细节理解题。

根据倒数第二段的首句“Transfer between Shanghai Pudong International Airport(PVG)to your hotel is provided by mini bus.”可知选项C正确。

B
(2018·湖南省十三校重点中学联考)When people comment on the beauty of a city, besides referring to its scenic attractions, they typically focus on two other major elements: the architecture and the general layout of the streets and municipal (市政的) features. The latter aspect is the direct result of urban planning. There is archeological evidence of urban planning stretching back thousands of years in ancient Egypt and Greece. From the Greeks, the Romans adopted a grid­like design for their cities, towns, and villages. As the Romans conquered different areas, this design spread to various parts of the world.
Over millennia, various urban planning concepts have
evolved, including the Garden City movement, which began at
the very end of the 19th century in the United Kingdom.
Initiated by Sir Ebenezer Howard, the movement promoted the development of suburban cities. It has been influential in various countries, including the United States and Canada.
One of the progressive cities, when it comes to engineering its urban design, is Paris. In an attempt to provide a better quality of life for Parisians, ex­president Nicolas Sarkozy proposed a development project called The Grand Paris.
A major component of the project is the modernization of the transportation network in the region and the creation of an automatic metro system for Paris. In addition, it advocates the development of urban projects like housing and educational facilities centered around the transportation network.
Nowadays, the city is also exploring methods to meet its commitment to limiting carbon emissions as outlined in the Paris Agreement. A French architectural firm has carried out a fascinating research study called Paris Smart City 2050, with the idea of changing Paris using eight types of eco­friendly towers, along with abundant ve getation and park space. One type of high­rise, multi­use structure is called the honeycomb towers. The roofs of the towers will be covered with solar panels for generating electricity. Clearly, Paris is among the major cities that are embracing the concept of a cleaner, more natural future.
语篇解读：本文是说明文。

文章介绍了城市规划的历史及巴黎的城市计划。

24．Who first spread the idea of urban planning?
A．The Egyptians. B．The Romans.
C．The Greeks. D．The French.
解析：选B 细节理解题。

由第一段的最后一句“As the Romans conquered different areas, this design spread to various parts of the world”可知，城市规划的理念最初是由罗马人传播开来的。

25．Why is Sir Ebenezer Howard mentioned?
A．He introduced the concept of urban design to America.
B．He advocated a healthy rural lifestyle.
C．He helped improve Europeans' life.
D．He started an urban planning trend.
解析：选 D 推理判断题。

由第二段中的“various urban planning concepts ... Initiated by Sir Ebenezer Howard ...”可知，在城市发展的历史上Sir Ebenezer Howard 提出的城市规划理念影响也很大。

26．What is the most important feature of The Grand Paris?
A．Updating the transportation network.
B．Reducing carbon emissions.
C．Setting up more schools.
D．Building more houses.
解析：选A 细节理解题。

由第三段中的“A major component of the project is the modernization of the transportation network”可知，由法国前总统萨科齐提出的巴黎改造工程的主要部分是对交通运输系统的更新。

27．What can we infer from the last paragraph?
A．The honeycomb towers will be mainly used to generate electricity.
B．Paris Smart City 2050 has been outlined in the Paris Agreement.
C．The Paris Agreement has a great influence all over the world.
D．Paris Smart City 2050 would turn Paris into a green city.
解析：选D 推理判断题。

由最后一段的中的“Paris Smart City 2050, with the idea of changing Paris using eight types of eco­friendly towers”以及“Paris is among the major cities that are embracing the concept of a cleaner, more natural future”可知，巴黎的2050城市智能化工程旨在将巴黎变成一个绿色环保的城市。

C
(2018·湖南省十三校重点中学联考)When I was a small boy, I noticed that though many of the adults around me were wealthy and educated, they were not always happy and this sometimes led them to behave in ways, which I, as a child, thought strange. As a result of that, I decided to try to understand what happiness was and how best to achieve it. It was not surprising, then, that I decided to study psychology.
On arrival at the university, I was disappointed to find that academic psychologists were trying to understand human behaviour by studying rats in a lab.
I felt that there must be other more useful ways of learning how we think and feel.
I decided to build my career on trying to discover what made others happy. I started out by studying creative people such as musicians, artists and athletes because they were people who devoted their lives to doing what they wanted to do, rather than things that just brought them financial rewards.
Later, I expanded the study by inventing a system called “the experience sampling method”. Ordinary people were asked to keep an electronic pager (传呼机) for a week which gave out a beeping sound eight times a day. Every time it did so, they wrote down where they were, what they were doing, how they felt and how much they were concentrating. This system has now been used on more than 10,000 people, and the answers are consistent: as with creative people, ordinary people are happiest when concentrating hard.
I found that the most obvious cause of happiness is intense concentration. This must be the main reason why activities such as music, art, literature, sports and other forms of leisure have survived. In order to concentrate, whether you're reading a poem or building a sandcastle, what you need is a challenge that matches your ability. The way to remain continually happy, therefore, is to keep finding new opportunities to improve your skills. This may mean learning to do your job better or faster, or doing other more difficult jobs. As you grow older, you have to find new challenges which are more appropriate to your age.
语篇解读：本文是记叙文。

作者经过研究发现人的幸福感来源于做事情的专注度。

28．What led the author to study psychology?
A．His determination to become rich.
B．His observation of adults.
C．His unhappy childhood.
D．His interest in strangers.
解析：选B 推理判断题。

第一段提到作者小时候看到周围富有且受过教育的成年人并不快乐，因而决定找到使人们获得快乐的途径，由此可推断：他对成年人的观察促使他学了
心理学。

29．Who were the author's study subjects at the start of his career?
A．People having deep affection for their career.
B．People very aware of their personal life.
C．People successful in acquiring wealth.
D．People with more freedom.
解析：选A 推理判断题。

由第二段中的“I started out by studying ... who devoted their lives to doing what they wanted to do”可知，作者认为他选择的研究对象是热爱自己事业的一群人。

30．The author used his system to show that ________.
A．people's happiness depends on who they are with
B．people are happier when they focus on an activity
C．creative people are happier than ordinary people
D．ordinary people find it hard to concentrate
解析：选B 细节理解题。

由第三段中的“as with creative people, ordinary people ar e happiest when concentrating hard”可知，作者采取经验取样法研究发现：普通人和有创造性的人一样，他们在集中精神做事情的时候最快乐。

31．According to the text, people concentrate most when they are doing ________.
A．something strange and enjoyable
B．something difficult but possible
C．things appropriate to their ages
D．many things at the same time
解析：选B 推理判断题。

由最后一段中的“intense concentration”及“challenge that matches your ability”等可知，人们在做具有一定难度但又是自己能力所及的事情时精神最集中。

D
Public libraries have had another bad year. They are like local railways. People like having them around, and are angry if they close. But as for using them, there is so little time these days.
To the US historian Matthew Battles the library is a metaphor (隐喻) for the land of chance, a place where, lost in the piles, new Americans could “dream of personal success, unaided by unnamed others, a stage with a mirror for backdrop (背景幕布) that reflects only the reader”. In Britain, the library was a grammar school, a teach­yourself academy, a way of learning.
Digitization has changed everything. The public library is no longer a place sacred to knowledge. Its walls have been bombed open. So much rubbish is said and written about the death of books. Five years ago, when Amazon ebook sales were higher than those of paperback copies, it was assumed the book was dying. Print was yesterday, one more victim of the great digital wipeout. But Waterstones last year stopped selling Kindles and changed the shelf space to physical books. It saw a 5% rise in sales. Though the bookshop has suffered, the book has not.
But these are buyers, not borrowers. The library must rediscover its specialness. This strength lies not in books, but in its readers, in their desire to gather, share with each other, hear writers and experience books with a group. It is in plays, concerts, comedy, lectures, debates, quizzes, performances of every sort. It should combine coffee shops, book exchanges, playgroups, art galleries, museums and performances.
Ever since the days of Alexandria, the library has been the palace of the mind, the “University of All”. The Internet has removed its complete control of knowledge, but cannot copy its sense of place, its joy of human gathering.
A．The meaning of the American Dream.
B．The role of libraries in Americans' life.
C．The things people can learn in a library.
D．The decrease in the number of libraries.
解析：选B 推理判断题。

根据第二段可知，Matthew Battles强调了图书馆是机会之地，人们可以在图书馆中寻求自己的个人成功等，说明了图书馆对于人们的影响。

33．What did people use to think about books?
A．Digital technology left books dying.
B．A lot of books were becoming rubbish.
C．Physical books took up too much space.
D．Books in libraries were better than ebooks.
解析：选A 推理判断题。

根据第三段中的“So much rubbish is said and written about the death of books. Five years ago, when Amazon ebook sales were higher than those of paperback copies, it was assumed the book was dying”可知，过去人们认为数字技术的出现，使得实体书快要灭亡了。