初中英语变形规则

初中英语变形规则
Middle School English Plural Rules
1.Most countable nouns form their plural by adding -s to the end of the word.
n change: If XXX。

read [s]。

if the ending XXX。

read [z].
Examples: XXX → friends。

cat → cats。

style → styles。

sport → sports。

piece → pieces.
2.Nouns ending in s。

z。

x。

ch。

or sh form their plural by adding -es to the end of the word.
n change: Add [iz] when reading.
Examples: bus → buses。

quiz → quizzes。

fox → foxes。

match → matches。

flash → flashes.
3.XXX followed by -y change the -y to -i and add -es to form the plural.
n change: Add [z] when reading.
Examples: XXX → candies。

daisy → daisies。

fairy → fairies。

lady → ladies。

story → stories.
4.Nouns ending in -o form their plural by adding -es。

unless they are foreign words or ns。

in which case they add only -s.
n change: Add [z] when reading.
Examples: XXX → XXX。

potato → potatoes。

torpedo → torpedoes。

bingo → bingoes.
XXX: silo → silos。

piano → pianos (foreign words)。

photo → photos。

macro → macros (ns).
5.Nouns ending in -f or -fe usually change the -f or -fe to -ves to form the plural。

but there are XXX.
n change: Change the final [f] sound to [vz] when reading.
Examples: XXX → knives。

life → lives。

leaf → leaves。

staff → staves。

scarf → scarves.
XXX: roof → roofs.
6.Irregular plurals: man。

woman。

child。

foot。

tooth。

goose。

mouse。

Frenchman。

Englishman。

ox。

Chinese。

Japanese。

sheep。

deer。

fish。

people。

police。

cattle。

doctor.
Mnemonic: Add -ren after child。

Chinese。

Japanese。

sheep。

deer。

and fish do not change form。

change -oo to -ee for foot。

tooth。

and goose。

mouse changes to mice。

and ox adds -en。

people。

police。

cattle。

man。

XXX.
II。

Third Person Singular Forms of Verbs
The rules for forming the third person singular form of a verb are similar to those for XXX.
1.For most verbs。

add -s to the base form to form the third person singular.
n change: If the base form ends in a voiceless consonant。

read [s]。

if it XXX。

read [z].
XXX: walk → walks。

talk → talks。

study → studies.
2.For verbs ending in -s。

-z。

-x。

-ch。

or -sh。

add -es to the base form to form the third person singular.
n change: Add [iz] when reading.
XXX: pass → passes。

buzz → buzzes。

fix → fixes。

watch → watches。

wash → washes.
3.For verbs XXX followed by -y。

change the -y to -ies to form the third person singular.
n change: Add [z] when reading.
XXX: study → studies。

fly → flies。

tr y → XXX.
4.For verbs ending in -o。

add -es to form the third person singular.
n change: Add [z] when reading.
XXX: go → goes。

do → does.
5.For verbs XXX followed by -o。

add -es to form the third person singular.
n change: Add [z] when reading.
XXX: echo → e choes。

veto → XXX.
6.For irregular verbs。

XXX.
XXX: have → has。

be → is.
Most verbs add "s" to the end after a voiceless XXX as [s]。

and after a XXX。

they are pronounced as [z]。

For example: －s [s]。

make－makes [s]
②read－reads [z]。

play－plays [z]
For verbs XXX followed by "y," change the "y" to "i" before adding "es" and pronounce it as [iz]。

For example: fly－flies [z]。

carry－carries [z]。

study－studies [z]。

worry－worries.
For verbs ending in "s," "x," "ch," or "sh," add "es" at the end and pronounce it as [iz]。

For example: teach－teaches [iz]。

watch－watches [iz].
For verbs ending in "o," add "es" and pronounce it as [z]。

For example: go－goes [z]。

do－does [z].
When these verbs e singular。

XXX of the vowel part of the original word changes significantly。

so please pay n to memorizing them。

For example:
1.do [du:]－does [dz]
2.say [sei]－says [sez]
For open XXX "e," if the ending sound is [s] or [z]。

adding "s" and the letter "e" XXX as [iz]。

For example: close－closes [iz].
The verb "to be" includes am。

is。

and are。

The third person singular uses "is," and the past tense is "was." The plural uses "are," and the past tense is "were."
In n to the above rules。

please also note the following:
1.When the subject is in the third person singular。

use "has" for the verb "have," and use "is" for the third person singular form of the verb "to be."
2.When negating a sentence with the third person singular form of the verb。

use "doesn't+verb base form." For example: He
goes to school at six in the morning。

(Negated) → He doesn't go
to school at six in the morning.
3.When asking XXX with the third person singular form of
the verb。

use the auxiliary verb "does." For example: She goes home at five every day。

(XXX) → When/What time does she go home every day?
The past tense and past participle of regular verbs are usually the same and follow the following rules:
1.Add "-ed" to the end of the verb。

such as: pull-pulled。

cook-cooked.
2.If the verb ends in "e," add "-d," such as: XXX.
3.重读闭音节中，只有一个元音字母和一个辅音字母的单词，应该在末尾的辅音字母后面加上一个相同的辅音字母，再加上-ed。

例如：ped。

4.以辅音字母+y结尾的单词，应该将y改为i，再加上-ed。

例如：study-studied。

1.AAA型（动词原形、过去式、过去分词同形）的单词包括：cost、cut、hit、hurt、let、put、read和spread。

2.AAB型（动词原形与过去式同形）的单词包括：beat和XXX。

3.ABA型（动词原形与过去分词同形）的单词包括：e、came、come和run。

4.ABB型（过去式与过去分词同形）的单词包括：dig、get、hang、held、laid、sat、won、met、kept、slept、swept、felt、fled、smelt、left、built、lent、sent、spent、sunk/sank和lost。

其中，hang的吊死意义的过去式是hanged，悬挂意义的过去式是hung；burn的过去式是burnt。

Learned。

meant。

caught。

brought。

fought。

bought。

heard。

told。

found。

fed。

had。

made。

stood。

smelled/smelt。

stuck。

spelled/spelt。

spat。

understood are all irregular verbs in English。

These verbs have different forms for their past XXX.
Some irregular verbs follow a pattern where the past tense and past participle are the same。

such as cut。

hit。

and shut。

However。

most irregular verbs have different forms for the past tense and past participle.
For example。

the past tense of teach is taught。

and the past tense of think is thought。

These verbs also have the same form for their past participle.
Other irregular verbs have different forms for all three verb forms。

For instance。

the past tense of sing is sang。

and the past participle is sung。

Similarly。

the past tense of grow is grew。

and the past participle is grown.
It'XXX in English。

For instance。

we often use the past XXX.
In n。

some irregular verbs have different meanings depending on their form。

For example。

the verb "to mean"
means "to have a XXX" in its base form。

but "meant" is the past XXX "intended" or "signified."
XXX。

it's essential to learn XXX.
Choose the Correct XXX
When writing in English。

it is important to use the correct verb tense。

The tense of a verb tells us when the n took place。

There are many different tenses in English。

but the most common ones are the present。

past。

and XXX.
The present tense is used to XXX。

"I eat breakfast every morning" is in the present tense because it XXX.
XXX in the past。

For example。

"I went to the store yesterday" is in the past tense because it XXX.
XXX XXX future。

For example。

"I will go to the store tomorrow" is in the XXX it describes something that will happen in the future.
It is XXX because it helps to make your writing clear and easy to understand。

If you use the wrong tense。

your writing may be XXX.
To make sure you are using the correct tense。

you should pay n to the time frame of your writing and choose the appropriate tense based on that。

If you are writing about something that happened in the past。

use the past tense。

If you are writing about something that is happening now。

use the present tense。

And if you are writing about something that will happen in the future。

use the future tense.
By using the correct verb tense。

you can ensure that your writing is clear and easy to understand。

So take the time to choose the right tense for your writing and you will be on your way to writing clear and effective English.
Verb Past Tense Rules and Irregular Verbs
In English。

regular verbs follow a simple pattern for forming the past tense。

For most verbs。

you just need to add "-ed" to the base form of the verb。

For example。

"play" es "played"。

However。

there are some ns to this rule.
Verbs that end in a silent "e" just need to add a "d"。

For example。

"like" es "liked" and "live" es "lived".
Verbs that end in a consonant + "y" change the "y" to "i" and add "ed"。

For example。

"study" es "studied" and "cry" es "cried".
Verbs that XXX and add "ed"。

For example。

"" es "ped".
Irregular verbs。

on the other hand。

do not follow this pattern and must be memorized。

Here are some examples:
buy" es "bought"
begin" es "began"
bring" es "brought"
come" es "came"
catch" es "caught" drive" es "drove" do" es "did" eat" es "ate" find" es "found" go" es "went" give" es "gave" have" es "had" hide" es "hid" keep" es "kept" know" es "knew" lend" es "lent" let" es "let" lose" es "lost" make" es "made" meet" es "met" put" es "put" run" es "ran" ride" es "rode" read" es "read"
say" es "said"
sing" es "sang"
By learning these rules and memorizing the irregular verbs。

you can XXX.
动词第三人称单数形式构成规则巩固练题：
1.sits
2.guesses
3.dies
4.goes
5.XXX
6.XXX
7.XXX
8.XXX
9.flies
10.copies
11.says
12.runs
13.does
14.fixes
15.XXX
16.cries
17.enjoys
18.has
19.wishes
20.plays
21.Ties
22.XXX
23.XXX
24.studies
25.drinks
26.goes
27.XXX
28.XXX
29.looks
30.carries
es
32.watches
33.plants
34.flies
35.does
二、用括号内动词的适当形式填空。

1.has
2.are
3.do not watch
4.did not go
5.Do。

like
6.do。

do
7.Do。

read
8.XXX
9.XXX
10.There is some water in the bottle.
11.XXX XXX cooking.
12.They share the same hobby.
13.XXX good care of her baby.
14.XXX.
15.I am XXX.
16.XXX.
17.Liu Tao dislikes PE.
18.XXX child XXX.
19.Su Hai and Su Yang have eight lessons this term.
20.- What day is it today?。