section2--1-4科技英语阅读与翻译教程文件

section2--1-4科技英语阅读与翻译教程文件s e c t i o n2--1-4科技英语阅读与翻译
1 Monograph专著
1. The general definition of a monograph
Scientific treatises of book length but otherwise variable format prepared by acknowledged experts on
specialized topics for the benefit of others who have specialized in. or who wish to obtain a specialist's
appreciation of, these topics.
2. The value of monographs for scientific researches
The value of monographs lies in the coherence and comprehensiveness of the information and knowledge they contain, which is important to the specialized researchers to whom they are directed and, therefore, to the
advancement of science and engineering generally.
3. The qualities of the authors of monographs
The authors of monographs should have exceptional breadth and depth of knowledge, and must be able to
collect, collate, analyze, integrate, and synthesize all relevant contributions to the archival literature of the
scientific and engineering journals and to add original material as required.
4. The differences between monographs and books of conference proceedings Monographs generally are written by specialists for the benefit of other specialists. Textbooks are pedagogical
works which, even if written on fairly narrow subjects, are
designed to serve broader and more junior
readerships than specialized research communities.
5. The differences between monographs and books of conference proceedings Conference papers commonly take the form of premature announcements of new scientific discoveries.
Conference proceedings generally have a short shelf life.
6. The main components of a monograph
The author, title and subtitle, date of publication, dust cover or blurb, content pages, bibliography and index,
illustrations, preface and introduction.
7. An indication of the book’s su ccess
The number of editions is an indication of the book’s success.
8. The function of the blurb
It gives the reader a rapid overview of the contents and approach. It might also say what the book contains and for whom it is written.
2 Academic Journal学术期刊
1. The general definition of an academic journal
An academic journal is a peer-reviewed periodical in which scholarship relating to a particular academic
discipline is published.
2. The significance of peer-review process
The peer-review process is considered critical to establishing
a reliable body of research and knowledge.
3. The definition of review articles
Review articles, also called “reviews of progress”, are checks on the research published in journals.
4. One difference between original research articles and review articles
Unlike original research articles, review articles tend to be solicited submissions, sometimes planned years in
advance.
5. The places where science journals are authoritatively ranked
Natural science journals are categorized and ranked in the Science Citation Index, and social science journals
in the Social Science Citation Index.
6. The possible quantitative factors to reflect an academic journal’s prestige
The number of later articles citing articles already published in the journal, the overall number of citations,
how quickly articles are cited, and the average “half-life” of articles.
7. The financial resources of humanities and social science academic journals Subsidies by universities or professional organizations and advertising fees by advertisers.
8. The role of internet in the production of, and access to, academic journals
The Internet has revolutionized the production of, and access to, academic journals, with their contents
available online via services subscribed to by academic libraries or even in a way of open access.
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3 Organization of a Scientific Paper科技论文的篇章结构
1. In most scientific journals, scientific papers include the following sections Summary or Abstract, Introduction, Materials and Methods, Results, Discussion, Acknowledgments.
2. The content of Summary or Abstract
It gives a brief background to the topic, describes concisely
the major findings of the paper, and relates these
findings to the field of study.
3. The Introduction section deals with the following two points
It describes first the accepted state of knowledge in a specialized field; then it focuses more specifically on a particular aspect, usually describing a finding or set of findings that led directly to the work described in the paper.
4. The purpose of Materials and Methods
Its purpose is to describe the materials used in the experiments and the methods by which the experiments were carried out.
5. The two ways of organizing Results
In some papers, the results are presented without extensive discussion, which is reserved for the following
section. In other papers, results are given, and then they are interpreted, perhaps taken together with other
findings not in the paper, so as to give the logical basis for later experiments.
6. The purposes of the Discussion section
The data in the paper are interpreted; the findings of the paper are related to other findings in the field; this
serves to show how the findings contribute to knowledge, or correct the errors of previous work; some of the
logical arguments are often provided when it is necessary to clarify why later experiments were earned out.
7. The reason for combining the Results and Discussion
Because the data need extensive discussion to allow the reader to follow the train of logic developed in the
course of the research.
8. The difference between the abstracts in Science and those in Nature
In Science, the abstract is self-contained; in Nature, the abstract also serves as a brief introduction to the paper.
4 Reading a Scientific Paper科技论文的阅读方法
1. The order to understand the major points of the work, you should first read The Abstract.
2. Reading the Title and the Abstract serves three purposes
First, it clarifies whether you in fact know enough background to appreciate the paper. Second, it refreshes your memory about the topic. Third, it helps you integrate the new information into your previous knowledge
about the topic.
3. When reading in a familiar field, you can skim or even skip
The Introduction.
4. The three typical codewords
Data not shown, unpublished data, preliminary data.
5. The poorly written papers are often related to three types of writers
Those who are poor writers; those who do not enjoy writing, and do not take the time or effort to ensure that
the prose is dear and logical; those who are so familiar with the material that it is difficult to step back and see
it from the point of view of a reader not familiar with the topic.
6. The t hree characteristics of “bad writing”
First, the logical connections are often left out. Second, papers are often cluttered with a great deal of jargon.
Third, the authors often do not provide a clear roadmap
through the paper.
7. In better writing, the side issues are dealt with in the following ways
They are relegated to Figure legends or Materials and Methods or clearly identified as side issues, so as not to distract the reader.
8. Another problem faced by the readers is that when they seek to understand just the experiment was,
they may find
The authors refer back to previous papers; these refer in turn to previous papers m a long chain.。