2019-2020学年北京市昌平区第一中学高三英语二模试卷及参考答案

2019-2020学年北京市昌平区第一中学高三英语二模试卷及参考答案第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项
A
You have to praise the smoothness（顺畅）of ants on the move. No matter how many of them are going toward a place, there's never a hold-up. A new research paper shows how ants keep traffic flowing by changing their behavior to meet changing conditions.
For their experiments, researchers from the University of Toulouse focused on Argentine ants, animals that often move from colony（群落）to colony depending on where the food is. Making use of Argentine ants' talent for fast travel, the researchers built bridges connecting their colonies. The bridges were different in width from a fifth to three-quarters of an inch. The colonies, too, were of different sizes, ranging from 400 to more than 25,000 ants.
Then the researchers sat back andmonitoredthe traffic. To their surprise, even when those narrower bridges were full of ants, there were no "traffic accidents". "When the number of ants on the bridge increased, ants seemed to be able to understand the situation and adjusted（调整）their speed accordingly to avoid making the traffic flow stop. "the authors note. "Moreover, ants avoided entering a busy road and made sure that the bridge was never too packed to cross.”
The lesson for humans? The traffic problem may lie in our inability to adjust our driving habits for the good of the whole. Driving is fun when there are few cars on the road. Then the traffic moves very slowly. And yet, some impatient driver still acts like he's alone on the road.
The research suggests that projects, like the ever-widening of highways, may never free us from traffic jams. As long as we drive along with our own habits, no matter how many other people are on the road, we'll always end up in a traffic jam. Indeed, less space may actually be a good thing. It leaves less room for individual choice and forces us to take a page from the driving book of ants.
1. What is Paragraph 2 mainly about?
A. The results of the experiments.
B. The purpose of the experiments
C. The preparation of the experiments.
D. The requirements of the experiments
2. What does the underlined word "monitor" in paragraph 3 probably mean?
A. watch and check.
B. seek and improve
C. design and plan
D. discuss and practise
3. What is the best title for the text?
A. Is widening highways a solution?
B. Why don't ants need traffic lights?
C. Can we learn safe driving from ants?
D. What can ants teach us about traffic jams?
B
According to Oxford Dictionaries, morality means: “Principles concerning the distinction between right and wrong or good and bad behavior.” Though morality is a rather subjective subject, there are some principles that are universal across all cultures found by an Oxford University study: “help your family, help your group, return favors, be brave, obey superiors, divide resources fairly, and respect others’ property”. The fact that these morals are found across 60 cultures from around the world demonstrates that morality, though subjective, is the cornerstone of keeping our societies together. Here are some reasons to be moral: without morality, a social life is almost impossible to maintain; having a good reputation and having a clear conscience is psychologically healthy; and most philosophies regard unselfish and principled behavior as important.
There is no doubt that without morals, a society cannot function effectively. A confused situation would appear, According to the Society of Morality, “We are social animals, and the actions we take-the things we do and the things we don’t do-have consequences on our environments and on the others around us. As a result, we need to be able to govern our behavior in the near term so as not to injure ourselves or our community in the long term. This system of controlling our actions and our thoughts in order to operate in a community is what we often refer to as morality”. Therefore, we need a set of morals in order to operate within a social circle and a social environment. Acting immoral usually results in being excluded from social activities or being avoided by a society based on laws and cultural standards. Besides acting moral having a sociological need, it also has a psychological basis. Most people are concerned to some extent about their reputation. According to PsyPost, “A lot of economic models of human behavior assume that people are only rational (理性的) when they narrowly pursue their own self-interest, but history shows us that people are also tremendously concerned with being and appearing moral”. So, the fear of one’s reputation being damaged is often a strong motivator to be moral. And if someonehas been immoral,most people go out of their way to make sure no one finds out, or to correct the behavior in order to not be caught. This goes in line with conscience as well. People generally feel in a better psychological state if they feel that their conscience is clean. A dirty conscience can result in a lack of sleep, anxiety, internal stress, and even illness.
On the side of philosophy, the study of ethics (伦理) comes into play. Most philosophers agree that one should rationally choose a set of standards of behavior in order to function. Though there is moral relativism, there are universal anthropological (人类学的) morals, as mentioned in the introduction. By the nature of our societies and cultures, we choose what we believe is right and wrong. But surprising, this rational behavior comes to a general agreement on morals. So, there is a fine line between moral relativism and moral absolutism. But the main thing to take away from this discussion is that philosophers generally believe that each individual has the right to rationally come up with a set of ethics to live by, and that it is healthy to do so.
4. The author discusses morality (paragraph 1) in order to ________.
A. explain the relationship between morality and culture
B. describe the moral rules found all around the world
C. contrast the distinction between right and wrong
D. introduce the definition, principles and reasons of morality
5. It can be inferred from the passage that ________.
A. acting moral allows us to fit into group better
B. morality brings the system of controlling behavior
C. contrast the distinction between right and wrong
D. introduce the definition, principles and reasons of morality
6. Which of the following is the psychological basis for acting moral?
A pursuit of self-interest. B. a clean conscience.
C. The concern about reputation.
D. a dirty conscience.
7. What does the author advise us to do according to the last paragraph?
A. To reach a general agreement on morals based on ethics.
B. to carve one’s own sense of ethics to operate in this world.
C. To choose between moral relativism and moral absolutism.
D. To exclude philosophers’ beliefs and solution as well.
C
According to statistics published by the BPI (Buying Power Index) a couple of months ago, digital streaming (流媒体) now accounts for 80 percent of the music consumption in the UK. Despite the incredible growth of online streaming platforms like iTunes, Apple Music and Tidal over the past 15 years, a more traditional medium has also seen a return of interest and sales in the music industry. In 2020, almost one in five of all albums
purchased in the UK is vinyl (黑胶唱片), and it has once again become the most popular physical musical medium.
With digital streaming so easy and convenient, why are so many peopledrawn to traditional records? Some experts claim that vinyl is a physical medium for experiencing music, something tangible (有形的) to hold and own. For most people, having something tangible and interacting with it gives depth to the experience of music. Listening to an album and touching it the way the artist intended can make them feel more connected to the music and the artist. Records are physical products that can be not only displayed but also gifted, shared, traded and passed down through generations.
Sound quality is another hot topic. A lot of music lovers feel that the analogue sound (模拟声音) vinyl offers is superior to modern digital audio, particularly with regards to the compressed formats streaming platforms use. There’s a common belief that old-school analogue audio has a warmer, fuller sound than digitised music. For vinyl followers, the very defect traditional recorders often have, such as the familiar crackle (劈啪作响) when the record starts, bring the music to life in a different way.
There’s aritualisticaspect to vinyl that a lot of people are drawn to, too. The act of putting a record on—carefully removing the record from the sleeve, placing it on the record player and gently dropping the needle on the right groove (凹槽)—is a more assiduous (一丝不苟的), mindful way of engaging with music. When you’re listening to vinyl, you can’t tap abutton and go about your day while the streaming service provides hours of music. You need to stay close to the record player to move the needle and flip the record over.
It’s clear that the vinyl interest is well underway, and vinyl records are truly making a comeback. In an increasingly digital society, there’s something to be said for analogue experiences. Perhaps one of the great things about being alive in the 21st century is our ability to have the best of both worlds—the timeless appeal of physical records alongside the easy access to vast music libraries that streaming offers.
8. What are the statistics published by the BPI used to show?
A. An increase in music consumption.
B. The recovery of music industry.
C. A comeback of a physical medium.
D. The acceptance of online streaming.
9. According to some experts, why does vinyl interest many people?
A. It attracts people by its realistic feel.
B. It offers simple access to different music.
C. It shares a new way to enjoy music.
D. It provides people with perfect sound effect.
10. The underlined word “ritualistic” in Para.4 means something ______.
A. Overlooked by society.
B. Updated very frequently.
C. Performed as part of a ceremony.
D. Kept for a long time without changing.
11. How does the writer feel about the future development of music medium?
A. Traditional records will get underway.
B. The analogue experiences may matter more.
C. Vinyl sales will boom with technological advance.
D. There should be a good mix of old and new.
D
When you say the word donkey, whatthings come to your mind? A few people might say they’re cute, but the majority think they’re stubborn, dumb and all-round less capable than their horse s.
However, this wasn’t the case for a recently unearthed ancient Chinese noblewoman who was unexpectedly found buried with her donkeys. Published in the journal Antiquity in March, Chinese archaeologists (考古学家) first discovered the tomb in Xi’an, Shaanxi, in 2012. The team examined the remains and identified the body as Cui Shi, a Tang Dynasty high-born lady who died in 878 AD.
Speaking to Science Magazine in 2012, the study’s co-author, Fiona Marshall, said the finding caused confusion as “donkeys … are not associated with high-status people”.
However, following years of further research, the team discovered artworks and artifacts that showed a sport known as “Lvju”. This was similar to modern-day polo (马球)and was popular among noble (高贵的) women at the time. They preferred to use donkeys instead of full-sized horses for safety reasons, due to their smaller size and slower speed.
Speaking to CNN, Marshall later said, “Historical documents also showed that ladies of the late Tang court loved to play donkey polo.”
At that time in Chinese history, animals were often placed in tombs so that they could be used for a specific purpose in the afterlife. The study determined that Cui Shi likely requested that her beloved donkeys be buried with her, so that she could continue her favorite sport after death. In total, three donkeys were found inside her tomb with riding gear (装备), including stirrups (马镫). “This context provides evidence that the donkeys in her
tomb were for polo, not transport,” lead author Hu Songmei of the Shaanxi Academy of Archaeology told Science Magazine.
Before the study, it was believed that donkeys were only used to carry loads, but now it may be time to see them as a sign of achieving high social status(地位), well, in ancient times.
12. What do most people think of donkeys, according to the text?
A. They are as adorable(可爱的) as horses.
B. They are stubborn and not so capable.
C. They were necessary in ancient sports.
D. They were a sign of high social status.
13. Why did Fiona Marshall feel confused when she discovered the donkeys?
A. She didn’t connect donkeys with nobles.
B. She hadn’t seen donkeys in ancient tombs before.
C. She didn’t expect to find donkeys in a woman’s tomb.
D. She didn’t understand why animals were in human tombs.
14. What do we know about the sport “Lvju” from the text?
A. Horses were preferred in Lvju.
B Lvju was similar to modern-day soccer.
C. Lvju was popular among common people.
D. Donkeys were preferred in the sport for safety.
15. The donkeys were found in the tomb of Cui Shi probably because _______.
A. she intended to use them for transport after death
B. her family didn’t want her to be lonely after death
C. she wanted to continue to play Lvju after death
D. noble women needed donkeys to maintain their dignity
第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

选项中有两项为多余选项
How to Make Sure You Enjoy Your Trip
A trip is a planned destination where one arranges in advance in which the main purpose is to search for adventure and to create a memorable moment. Here are the steps on how to make sure your tripis enjoyable.
● Plan it well. Trips are ideally planned for it to go well.___16___A check list is helpful, making sure you’ve got all your needs.
● Pack necessities. Bring what you need. Trips are short journeys and belong to the sub-level of traveling.Pack
only the things you need.___17___
● Be safe. To be cautious is smart. No matter what you are up to, surfing, cliff diving, snowboarding, scuba diving..., it is always recommended to be safe.___18___Don’t be stubborn and put yourself in harm when there are precautions.
●___19___You may see delays, a different culture, lifestyle, food, and even a shortage of cash sometimes—this is all what travel is about—experiencing things with a new perspective. Once you expect to experience new things, you’ll bea happy traveler and free from stress.
● Save the memory.___20___This is not one of those regular days so you ought to save the moment. It will make your trip more enjoyable after all that craziness; you get something to review the good times.
A. Travelwith an open mind.
B. Get prepared for everything new.
C. This is all we expect from a trip.
D. Seize the moment by taking pictures.
E. It is important to wear protective equipment when necessary.
F. It is easy to get tired if you have too many things in your package.
G. Take your time, a day or a week ahead to make a plan for your trip.
第二部分语言运用（共两节，满分45分）
第一节（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项It's often said that you can judge a person by looking at what's on their bookshelves. Well,when I asked myself this question a few years ago, I made a(n)___21___discovery. Pretty much all the___22___on my bookshelves were written by British authors, and there was almost nothing in translation from other___23___. What a shame! So, I decided to begin my______24______reading project.
But how could I find books from much of the rest of the world? I had to ask for___25___. So in October 2011, I started my blog, and I___26___a short appeal (呼吁) online. Within hours, people began to___27___. At first, it was friends and colleagues. Then it was friends of friends. And soon, it was___28___.
Four days later, I got a(n)___29___from a woman called Rafidah in Kuala Lumpur. She said she loved myproject,____30____if she could go to her local English-language bookshop and choose my Malaysian book and post it to me. I____31____accepted, and a few weeks later, a package____32____containing nothing but two books—Rafidah's choice from Malaysia, and a book from Singapore that she had also____33____for me. At the time, I was____34____that a stranger more than 6,000 miles away would go to such lengths to help someone she
would probably never____35____.
But Rafidah's kindness____36____to be the pattern for that year. Time and again, people went out of their____37____to help me. And books often came from____38____sources. A writer even emailed me an unpublished translation of his novel to me, allowing me to become one of the____39____people ever to read that book in English.
That year, thanks to kind strangers from the four____40____of the world. I read books from over 100 countries.
21. A.pleasing B.shocking C.exciting D.touching
22. A.books B.dictionaries C.photos D.discs
23. A.accents B.cultures C.backgrounds nguages
24. A.national B.global C.official D.beneficial
25. A.money B.direction C.help D.permission
26. A.posted B.returned C.received D.searched
27. e into view B.get in touch C.take no notice e to life
28. A.stars B.writers C.strangers D.adults
29. A.parcel B.gift C.envelope D.message
30. A.wondering B.doubting C.worrying D.realizing
31. A.awkwardly B.unwillingly C.happily D.confidently
32. A.rose B.arrived C.dropped D.fell
33. A.picked out e across C.given away D.dealt with
34. A.confused B.curious C.frightened D.amazed
35. A.meet B.attract C.hurt D.ignore
36. A.appeared B.happened C.proved D.recognized
37. A.home pany C.business D.way
38. eful B.surprising C.familiar mon
39. A.best st C.first test
40. A.corners B.squares C.oceans D.sides
第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式
The landmark success of herbal expert Tu Youyou, the first Chinese woman____41.____(win) a Nobel Prize in
Science,____42.____(arouse) an extreme sense of national pride and hopes on the future of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) in the past few days. Tu, born in 1930, shared the 2015 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine with Irish-born William Campbell and Japan’s Omura for her discoveries____43.____(concern) a treatment for malaria （疟疾）.
She discovered Artemisinin（青蒿素）, a drug____44.____has significantly reduced the death rates for patients suffering from malaria. “Artemisinin is a gift for the world people from the traditional Chinese medicine. It is of great significance for curing malaria and other infectious diseases and for protecting the health of the world people.” Tu said inBeijing. The prize winning is____45.____honor forChina’s science cause and traditional Chinese medicine in their course of reaching out to the world.
“Tu’s winning the prize signifiesChina’s prosperity and progress in____46.____(science) and technological field, marks a great contribution of traditional Chinese medicine____47.____the cause of human health. and showsChina’s growing strengths and rising international standing,” Premier Li Keqiang said in a congratulatory letter on Monday evening.
In 1951, she____48.____(admit) into Beijing University, majoring in pharmacognosy（生药学）. Since graduating from college in 1955, she has been a chief researcher and professor at the Beijing-based China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences. In 2011, Tu wonAmerica’s respected Lasker Award for the anti-malaria therapy.
On Weibo, the breaking news has been sent by at least tens of thousands of users and received countless____49.____(thumb-up). Netizen “Xiaoxie” wrote, “Now I feel____50.____(true) proud of being a medical student.
第四部分写作（共两节，满分40分）
第一节短文改错（满分10分）
51.假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。

文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。

每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。

增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。

删除：把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉。

修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下而写出修改后的词。

注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。

My mom's birthday is coming but I've been asking her for a while what she wants. Every time I asked her, she
says that she's got everything she needs. So I've decided to make him a "photo book". It is book of photos. So I decide to do one calling "50 Things I Love about My Mom". To make the list, I've been asking my sisters what they love about our mom. And I've also been found accompanying photos from our albums to go along of it. There is one from my little sister, in that my mom was baking perfect and taste birthday cakes. Now I can't wait to getting it printed.
第二节书面表达（满分25分）
52.Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.
现在中国购物网站非常繁荣，很多人选择网上购物而不是去商场实体店购物，你更倾向于哪种购物方式，并说出你的理由。

注意:请勿出现真实的学校及姓名。

参考答案
1. C
2. A
3. D
4. D
5. A
6. C
7. B
8. C 9. A 10. C 11. D
12. B 13. A 14. D 15. C
16. G 17. F 18. E 19. A 20. D
21. B 22. A 23. D 24. B 25. C 26. A 27. B 28. C 29. D 30. A 31. C 32.
B 33. A 34. D 35. A 36.
C 37.
D 38. B 39. C 40. A
41. to win
42. has aroused
43. concerning
44. which/that 45. an
46. scientific 47. to
48. was admitted
49. thumb-ups 50. truly
51.(1).but →and (2). asked →ask (3).him →her (4).book前加a (5).calling →called
(6).删除also后的been (7). of →with (8).that →which (9).taste →tasty (10).getting→get
52.略。