大学英语精读 unit 5

conceal & hide这两个动词均含“隐藏，隐蔽”之意。
conceal 正式用词，多强调有目的、有意识，巧妙 地进行隐藏或隐瞒。 eg: He tried to conceal his heavy drinking from his family. 他极力对家人隐瞒自己酗酒的事。 hide 普通用词，既可指有意地隐藏，又可指无意或 偶然地藏匿。 eg: The sun is hidden by the clouds. 太阳被云遮住了。
Collocation:
promote peace promote disorder promote cooperation 促进和平 引起混乱 促进合作
What should doctors say, for example, to a 46-yearold man coming in for a routine physical checkup just before going on vacation with his family who, though he feels in perfect health, is found to have a form of cancer that will cause him to die within six months? Is it best to tell him the truth? If he asks, should the doctors deny that he is ill, or minimize the gravity of the illness? Should they at least conceal the truth until after the family vacation?
美德；优点 eg: Humility is a virtue. 谦虚是一种美德。 He has the virtue of being a good listener. 他有虚心听取意见的优点。
Collocation:
by virtue of have the virtue of public virtue 靠…的力量，由于 有…优点 公德
安装可靠的报警设备以减低被盗的风险。
Gravity:
n. the quality of being serious or critical 严重性 eg: We are fully aware of the gravity of the situation. 我们十分清楚形势的严峻性。 She does not know the gravity of her illness. 她不知道自己病情的严重性。 Collocation: grasp the gravity 理解严重性 keep one’s gravity 保持庄重 increasing gravity 日趋严重 with gravity 严肃
Armed with such a precept, a number of doctors may slip into deceptive practices that they assume will “do no harm” and may well help their patients. They may prescribe innumerable placebos, sound more encouraging than the facts warrant, and distort grave news, especially to the incurably ill and the dying.
Conceal:
vt. hide, keep from being seen or known 隐藏 eg: Should they at least conceal the truth until after the family vacation？ I promise I’ve never concealed anything from you. (CET4 D) Truth cannot be concealed forever. 真相不会永远被隐瞒下去。
Collocation:
be in a dilemma out of one’s dilemma solve the dilemma 进退两难 走出困境 摆脱困境
Benefit:
n. sth. good to receive, an advantage eg: If you get up early and run every day, you will benefit a lot from it. 每天早起去跑步，你会从中得到很多好处。
danger, risk, hazard, menace, peril, threat
这些名词均含有“危险、威胁”之意。
danger 含义广，普通用词，指能够造成伤害、损害 或不利的任何情况。 risk 指有可能发生的危险，尤指主动进行某种活动 或去碰运气而冒的危险。 hazard 比risk正式，多指偶然发生的或无法控制的 危险，常含较严重或有一定风险的意味。 menace 所指的危险性最严重，表示使用暴力或造 成破坏性的可能。 peril 指迫在眉睫很有可能发生的严重危险。 threat 普通用词，语气弱于menace，指任何公开 侵犯对方的言行，给对方构成危险或威胁。
Minimize:
vt. reduce to the smallest possible amount or degree eg: Governments consider it prudent to minimize the risk.
各国政府均认为把这种危害降低到最小程度的做 法是明智的。
To minimize the risk of burglary, install a good alarm system.
Doctors confront such choices often and urgently. At times, they see important reasons to lie for the patient's own sake; in their eyes, such lies differ sharply from self-serving ot be the same; disagree
eg: Our tastes differ from each other.
That‘s where we differ.
那是我们有分歧的地方。
Collocation: agree to differ differ from differ in differ with sb.
Transcend:
vt. rise above or go beyond the limits of; surpass eg: The scene is so beautiful that it transcends my powers of description. 这风景之美非我的笔墨所能描绘 。 Such matters transcend man‘s knowledge. 这些问题人类是无法理解的。
求同存异 不同于，和…意见不一致 与…方面不同 与某人意见不同
disagree, differ, object 这些动词均含有 “不同意，反对”之意。
disagree 指彼此间意见或看法不同，任何言行上的 不合。 differ 可替换disagree，但语气较温和，是disagree 的委婉说法。 object 语气强烈，侧重对某一具体计划、行为或作 法等表示反对。常跟前置词to连用。
Risk:
vt. expose to danger eg: He saved my life at the risk of his own. I dare not risk it, it‘s too dangerous. 我不敢冒险试试,那太危险了。
Collocation:
risk it at risk at the risk of at one’s own risk at all risks (at any risk) take no risks 冒险试试 在危险中 冒…之险 由自己负责 无论如何 慎重行事
Promote:
vt. help to grow or develop; raise in rank, condition, or importance eg: She was promoted to head teacher. The company promoted the rock group’s new record by playing it often on the radio.
Collocation:
(be) benefit to for the benefit of enjoy great benefit of of benefit to 对…有好处 为了（…的好处） 从…受益匪浅 对…有利
benefit & profit这两个词均含“好处，益处”之意。 benefit 一般指身心方面的好处，也指精神和物质上的 好处。 eg: Because of illness she did‘t get much benefit from her stay abroad. 她待在国外因生病而未得到多大好处。 profit 一般指金钱上的好处。 eg: The goods are valued in gross profit at 20,000 yuan. 这批商品的毛利估计为两万元。
Dilemma:
n. a difficult choice to be made between two opportunities eg: Your proposal really put me in a dilemma. His dilemma was that he did not know which one he should save first: his mother or his wife.
Studies show that most doctors sincerely believe that the seriously ill do not want to know the truth about their condition, and that informing them risks destroying their hope, so that they may recover more slowly, or deteriorate faster, perhaps even commit suicide. As one physician wrote: "Ours is a profession which traditionally has been guided by a precept that transcends the virtue of uttering the truth for truth's sake, and that is 'as far as possible do no harm.'"
Should doctors ever lie to benefit their patients — to speed recovery or to conceal the approach of death? In medicine as in law, government, and other lines of work, the requirements of honesty often seem dwarfed by greater needs: the need to shelter from brutal news or to uphold a promise of secrecy; to expose corruption or to promote the public interest.
Collocation:
transcend one’s knowledge 使某人无法理解 transcend the limit 超越极限（范围） transcend markedly（obviously） 明显地超过
Virtue:
n. goodness or moral excellence; a good quality