2024年中考英语时文热点专题14 历史人物：孔子、李白、张骞、徐霞客、晏子、黄盖、马可波罗

14 历史人物：
孔子、李白、张骞、徐霞客、晏子、黄盖、马可波罗
专题内容切合2022年版新课标主题内容“人与社会”范畴之“历史、社会与文化”主题群中“对世界、国家、人民和社会进步有突出贡献的人物”子主题内容。

一、阅读理解
A
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。

Confucius was born in the Lu State (鲁国). When he was three years old, his father died. His mother was too poor to pay for the education. 1
When he was young, Confucius loved reading very much. 2 He was especially interested in the rituals (礼) of the Zhou Dynasty.
There was a great man called Lao Zi. 3 During his stay with Lao Zi, Confucius read a large collection of books, and he asked Lao Zi many questions about rituals. This improved Confucius’ knowledge even more.
4 One day, he was driving his carriage (马车) when he met a child in the middle of the road. The child was building a model castle (城堡) from stones. Confucius stopped and spoke to the child.
“Please move out of the way for my carriage,” he said. The child did not move. Instead, the child stood up and said, “Should the castle move for the carriage, or should the carriage move for the castle?” 5
Confucius had other teachers too. “I am not born to know everything,” he said. “When I walk along with two others, they may serve me as my teachers.”
A．So he taught himself instead.
B．Confucius was modest (谦虚的).
C．Confucius got a chance to visit him.
D．He spent a lot of time reading his bamboo books.
E．Confucius was surprised and he said, “You’re so clever. You can be my teacher.”
【答案】1．A 2．D 3．C 4．B 5．E
【导语】本文主要介绍了孔子的一些事情。

1．根据“His mother was too poor to pay for the education.”可知，他的妈妈太穷，付不起学费，所以他应该是自学，选项A“所以他就自学了。

”符合语境。

故选A。

2．根据“When he was young, Confucius loved reading very much.”可知，此处是介绍孔子喜欢阅读，选项D“他花了很多时间阅读他的竹简书。

”符合语境。

故选D。

3．根据“During his stay with Lao Zi, Confucius read a large collection of books, and he asked Lao Zi many questions about rituals.”可知，是在介绍孔子拜访老子，选项C“孔子有机会去拜访他。

”符合语境。

故选C。

4．根据后文介绍可知孔子驾着马车，在路上遇到一个小孩子，与其之间的对话，让孔子觉得他可以做自己的老师，可见孔子是个谦虚的人，选项B“孔子很谦虚”符合语境。

故选B。

5．根据“Confucius had other teachers too.”及“Should the castle move for the carriage, or should the carriage move for the castle?”可知，小孩子说的话让孔子很惊讶，认为他可以作为自己的老师，选项E“孔子很惊讶，他说：‘你真聪明。

你可以做我的老师。

’”符合语境。

故选E。

B
We all learn the poems (诗) of Li Bai, one of China’s greatest poets in Tang Dynasty. But is that all about him? Cartoon movie Chang An shows us something different.
One day, Li Bai was looking for his horse. A young boy Gao Shi helped him. They soon became good friends. Li Bai wanted to become an officer (官员), so he tried to get to know the important people in Chang’an. But unluckily, he couldn’t take the exam of being officers because he was born in a business family. He was very angry. _________ He kept on writing poems. Then he became popular in Chang’an. But the officers hated him. So he worked as a Taoist Order (道士). Years later, Gao Shi became a leader in the army (军队). However, Li Bai did something wrong and had to leave Chang’an. Gao Shi helped and saved him again.
In the movie, Li drank a lot. He was interested in having parties and money. Sometimes he didn’t keep promises to Gao Shi. The movie’s co-director Xie Junwei said, “Li Bai was not all
good…but that is more real.” He never made his dreams come true. But his poems stay with us. 6．Choose the best sentence to fill in the blank “_________” in Paragraph 2.
A．He was so poor.B．He had a hard life.
C．But he didn’t give up.D．And he left his friend.
7．Put the things about Li Bai in the correct order.
a. Li Bai became popular in Chang’an.
b. Li Bai met a friend named Gao Shi.
c. Li Bai had to leave Chang’an.
d. Li Bai couldn’t take the exam.
A．b-a-c-d B．b-d-a-c C．a-b-c-d D．a-b-d-c
8．What can we get from the passage?
A．Li Bai and Gao Shi helped each other.
B．Li Bai shared everything with Gao Shi.
C．Li Bai played an important role in Gao Shi.
D．Li Bai’s dream to be an officer didn’t come true.
9．What would be the best title for the passage?
A．A different Li Bai.B．Li Bai’s successful life.
C．Life in Tang Dynasty.D．Friendship from Gao Shi.
【答案】6．C 7．B 8．D 9．A
【导语】本文介绍了《长安三万里》里面的李白。

6．推理判断题。

根据“He kept on writing poems.”可知，他继续写诗，说明他没有放弃，选项C“但是他没有放弃”符合语境。

故选C。

7．细节理解题。

根据“One day, Li Bai was looking for his horse. A young boy Gao Shi helped him. They soon became good friends.”可知，首先是李白遇到了好朋友高适，即b排第一；根据“But unluckily, he couldn’t take the exam of being officers because he was born in a business family.”可知，然后是他不能参加考试，d排第二；根据“Then he became popular in Chang’an.”可知，接下来李白在长安变得受欢迎，a排第三；根据“Li Bai did something wrong and had to leave Chang’an.”可知，最后是李白做错了事，不得不离开长安，c排第四。

故正确的顺序是b-d-a-c。

故选B。

8．细节理解题。

根据“He never made his dreams come true.”可知，李白当官的梦想没有实现。

故选D。

9．最佳标题题。

根据“We all learn the poems (诗) of Li Bai, one of China’s greatest poets in Tang Dynasty. But is that all about him? Cartoon movie Chang An shows us something different.”可知，本文是通过《长安三万里》展示不一样的李白，A选项“一个不一样的李白”符合最佳标题。

故选A。

二、完形填空
A
Zhang Qian was a great diplomat (外交官) and explorer (探险家) in the Han Dynasty. Through his 10 journeys to the West Regions (西域), he opened up the Silk Road and made cultural exchanges become possible.
In 139 BC, Emperor Wu sent Zhang to Dayuezhi to ask for 11 , hoping the Dayuezhi people could fight against powerful Xiongnu together. Zhang started his trip from Chang’an.
12 , he was caught by Xiongnu on the way. Over 10 years later, Zhang managed to run away and finally found Dayuezhi. However, people there didn’t want any war. Though Zhang didn’t complete his 13 on that trip, he learned a lot about the West Regions. The emperor was 14 Zhang’s work, so he didn’t punish Zhang. Instead, he encouraged Zhang to begin the other of his journeys years later.
10．A．two B．three C．four
11．A．help B．advice C．directions 12．A．Nearly B．Smoothly C．Unluckily
13．A．study B．task C．journey
14．A．strict about B．disappointed at C．satisfied with
【答案】10．A 11．A 12．C 13．B 14．C
【导语】本文主要讲述了张骞在西域的两次旅行。

10．句意：通过他的两次西域之旅，他开辟了丝绸之路，使文化交流成为可能。

two两；three 三；four四。

根据历史常识可知，张骞出使西域两次，故选A。

11．句意：公元前139年，汉武帝派张骞去大月氏求助，希望大月氏人能与强大的匈奴一起
作战。

help帮助；advice建议；directions方向。

根据“hoping the Dayuezhi people could fight against powerful Xiongnu together”可知，此处是“求助”，ask sb.for help向某人求助，故选A。

12．句意：不幸的是，他在路上被匈奴抓住了。

Nearly几乎；Smoothly顺利地；Unluckily 不幸的是。

根据“he was caught by Xiongnu on the way”可知，此处是“不幸的是”，故选C。

13．句意：虽然张没有完成他的任务，但是他学到了很多西域的事情。

study学习；task任务；journey旅行。

根据“Though Zhang didn't complete his”可知，这里指完成任务，故选B。

14．句意：汉武帝对张的工作很满意，所以他没有惩罚张。

strict about对……严格；disappointed at对……失望；satisfied with对……满意。

根据“so he didn't punish Zhang”可知，这里指对张的工作很满意，故选C。

B
Xu Xiake was a Chinese travel writer and geographer of the Ming Dynasty (1368-1644). He was famous 15 a book called Travel Notes of Xu Xiake. It described some of his experiences. Today, people still remember him for his 16 and bravery.
When he was a child, Xu Xiake was interested in reading books about different places. He dreamed about traveling around. His mother understood him and she 17 him to travel.
Xu Xiake had some long journeys. Not every journey was 18 . He had to face many difficulties along the way. One day, some robbers 19 all his belongings. He didn’t have any money. A local scholar promised to support him. He 20 the scholar for helping him. He shared some of his experiences with him.
He went to a lot of 21 such as the rivers in Yunnan and mountains in Guangxi. He got some 22 information. He wanted to discover more. It was Xu Xiake who discovered that the Jinsha River was simply the northern part of the Yangtze River.
He 23 more than 30 years traveling all over China. He 24 some useful information about the places where he traveled. You can find the information in Travel Notes of Xu Xiake.
15．A．as B．for C．about 16．A．experiments B．methods C．experiences 17．A．encouraged B．hoped C．warned
18．A．frightening B．enjoyable C．dangerous
19．A．put up B．gave up C．took away 20．A．punished B．minded C．thanked
21．A．places B．villages C．cities
22．A．harmful B．useful C．harmless
23．A．took B．cost C．spent
24．A．took up B．took back C．wrote down
【答案】
15．B 16．C 17．A 18．B 19．C 20．C 21．A 22．B 23．C 24．C
【导语】本文主要介绍了徐霞客的故事。

15．句意：他以《徐霞客游记》一书而闻名。

as作为；for因为；about关于。

be famous for“以……而闻名”。

故选B。

16．句意：今天，人们仍然记得他的经历和勇敢。

experiments试验；methods方法；experiences经历。

根据“It described some of his experiences.”可知记得他的经历。

故选C。

17．句意：他的母亲理解他，鼓励他去旅行。

encouraged鼓励；hoped希望；warned警告。

根据“His mother understood him”可知母亲理解他，鼓励他去旅行，encourage sb to do sth“鼓励某人做某事”。

故选A。

18．句意：并非每次旅行都是愉快的。

frightening害怕的；enjoyable愉快的；dangerous危险的。

根据“He had to face many difficulties along the way.”可知并非每次旅行都令人愉快。

故选B。

19．句意：一天，一些强盗抢走了他所有的财产。

put up张贴；gave up放弃；took away抢走。

根据“He didn’t have any money.”可知财产被夺走了。

故选C。

20．句意：他感谢那位学者的帮助。

punished惩罚；minded介意；thanked感谢。

根据“for helping him”可知感谢学者的帮助。

故选C。

21．句意：他去了很多地方，比如云南的河流和广西的山脉。

places地方；villages村庄；cities城市。

根据“such as the rivers in Yunnan and mountains in Guangxi”可知去了很多地方。

故选A。

22．句意：他得到了一些有用的信息。

harmful有害的；useful有用的；harmless无害的。

根据“He went to a lot of ... such as the rivers in Yunnan and mountains in Guangxi.”可知去了很多地方，得到了很多有用信息。

故选B。

23．句意：他花了30多年的时间走遍中国。

took花费（时间）；cost花费（金钱）；spent花费（时间或金钱）。

spend time doing sth.“花费时间做某事”，是固定搭配。

故选C。

24．句意：他写下了一些关于他去过的地方的有用信息。

took up开始从事；took back收回；wrote down写下。

根据“You can find the information in Travel Notes of Xu Xiake.”可知写下了一些有用信息。

故选C。

C
In the Spring and Autumn period of China, there was a great man called Yan Zi. Yan Zi was a short man, but he was very 25 . He was an ambassador (大使) of the Qi Kingdom. Ambassadors went to other countries and 26 to their kings. One day the King of Qi let Yan Zi 27 to meet King Ling of Chu.
King Ling didn’t like the King of Qi. He told his people 28 a small gate (门). When Yan Zi 29 , the gate keeper let him get into the 30 through the gate. Yan Zi 31 “This gate is for dogs. Is this city for dogs 32 for people?” Hearing this, King Ling had to open the city gate for him.
When he 33 Yan Zi, King Ling said, “Are there few people in your country? Why did your king make you his ambassador to Chu?” Yan Zi answered, “There 34 tens of thousands of people in my country, my lord. Good ambassadors go to good kingdoms. Poor (差) ambassadors go to poor kingdoms.” How smart Yan Zi was!
25．A．short B．heavy C．quiet D．smart 26．A．went B．walked C．talked D．talks 27．A．come B．talk C．go D．arrive
28．A．to make B．to have C．to help D．to buy 29．A．comes B．got C．reach D．arrived 30．A．wall B．town C．city D．country 31．A．speak B．said C．answer D．spoke
32．A．or B．and C．of D．in
33．A．see B．looked C．met D．watched 34．A．are B．be C．is D．am
【答案】
25．D 26．C 27．C 28．A 29．D 30．C 31．B 32．A 33．C 34．A
【导语】本文讲述了晏子出使楚国时机智地应对楚灵王的刁难的事情。

25．句意：晏子个子不高，但他很聪明。

short矮的；heavy重的；quiet安静的；smart聪明的。

根据下文“How smart Yan Zi was!”可知，晏子是一个聪明的人。

故选D。

26．句意：大使们到其他国家去和他们的大王交谈。

went去，过去式；walked走，过去式；talked交谈，过去式；talks交谈，第三人称单数。

根据“Ambassadors”可知，一国的大使代表着君主，去和另一国的君主交谈；时态为一般过去时，故应用过去式talked。

故选C。

27．句意：一天，齐王让晏子去见楚灵王。

come来；talk谈论；go去；arrive到达。

根据“to meet King Ling of Chu”可知，齐王派晏子去见楚灵王。

故选C。

28．句意：他告诉他的人做一个小门。

to make制作；to have有；to help帮助；to buy买。

根据“a small gate (门)”可知，此处指楚灵王命令他的人做一个小门。

故选A。

29．句意：晏子到了，守门人让他从这个门进城。

comes来；got得到；reach到达，及物动词；arrived到达，不及物动词。

根据“When Yan Zi ...”可知，此处指晏子到达楚国，空后无名词，故应用不及物动词arrived。

故选D。

30．句意：晏子到了，守门人让他从这个门进城。

wall墙；town城镇；city城市；country国家。

根据下文“Is this city for dogs ...”可知，此处指进城。

故选C。

31．句意：晏子说：“这门是给狗开的。

这个城市是给狗的还是给人的？”
speak讲，说，动词原形；said说，后接说话内容；answer回答；spoke说，讲，过去式。

根据“This gate is for dogs. Is this city for dogs ...”是晏子的说话内容可知，said符合语境。

故选B。

32．句意：晏子说：“这门是给狗开的。

这个城市是给狗的还是给人的？”
or或者；and和；of……的；in在……里面。

根据“Is this city for dogs ... for people?”可知，此处是选择关系，应用or。

故选A。

33．句意：见到晏子，灵王说：“你们国家的人少吗？大王为什么派你去楚国？”
see看见；looked看，指动作；met见面；watched观看。

根据“King Ling”可知，此处指楚灵王与晏子见面。

故选C。

34．句意：我的国家有成千上万的人，大王。

are是，主语为复数；be是，动词原形；is是，主语为第三人称单数；am是，主语为I。

根据“tens of thousands of people”可知，be动词应用are。

故选A。

D
This is the famous Battered-Body Trick (苦肉计) in history. One 35 , Zhou Yu was thinking hard in the light about how to win Cao Cao’s army when Huang Gai came in and he 36 attacking with fire. “Well, it’s exactly what I want to do,” said Zhou. “But I need a man to take 37 to Cao’s camp.” Huang said he was 38 to do it.
The next morning, Zhou Yu held a meeting. He 39 his people to prepare food for the coming fighting. Just then, Huang said, “Cao has a 40 and stronger army than we do. So we can’t win. Why not 41 this and ask for peace?”
Zhou Yu got angry, “My responsibility (职责) is to fight with Cao. Why do you say such words? Come on! Get him out and kill him.”
All the other people begged for Huang. Zhou said at last, “OK. I won’t kill you. However, you’ll have to get one hundred army sticks (军棍)!” Huang was 42 hurt.
Later, Huang sent a 43 to Cao and he said that he wanted to help Cao. Before long, Cao received another letter from his two men in Zhou’s army, saying, “Huang is hurt.”
In this way, Huang succeeded in setting fire to Cao’s camp. Soon Cao’s ships were 44 in a big fire.
35．A．morning B．night C．afternoon D．weekday 36．A．suggested B．started C．finished D．said 37．A．water B．wood C．fire D．oil
38．A．sad B．kind C．excited D．willing 39．A．cried B．spoke C．asked D．answered 40．A．longer B．larger C．smaller D．deeper 41．A．keep B．have C．begin D．stop 42．A．wrongly B．correctly C．badly D．serious 43．A．letter B．book C．light D．information 44．A．created B．fallen C．safe D．burnt
【答案】
35．B 36．A 37．C 38．D 39．C 40．B 41．D 42．C 43．A 44．D
【导语】本文讲述了黄盖“苦肉计”的故事。

35．句意：一天晚上，周瑜在灯光下正在苦苦思索如何打赢曹操的军队，这时黄盖进来了，他建议用火攻击。

morning早上；night晚上；afternoon下午；weekday工作日。

根据“in the light”可知是指晚上，故选B。

36．句意：一天晚上，周瑜在灯光下正在苦苦思索如何打赢曹操的军队，这时黄盖进来了，他建议用火攻击。

suggested建议；started开始；finished完成；said说。

根据“attacking with fire”可知是指他建议用火攻击。

suggest doing sth“建议做某事”，故选A。

37．句意：但我需要一个人把火带到曹的营地。

water水；wood木头；fire火；oil石油。

根据“attacking with fire”可知，用火攻击。

故选C。

38．句意：黄说他愿意做这件事。

sad悲伤的；kind善良的；excited兴奋的；willing愿意的。

根据“But I need a man to take…to
Cao’s camp.”可知黄自愿去做这个事，故选D。

39．句意：他让他的人民为即将到来的战斗准备食物。

cried哭；spoke讲；asked叫；answered回答。

根据“his people to prepare food for the coming fighting”可知他叫他的人民为即将到来的战斗准备食物。

故选C。

40．句意：曹操的军队比我们更大更强。

longer更长；larger更大；smaller更小；deeper更深。

根据“stronger army than we do”可知曹操的军队比我们更大更强。

故选B。

41．句意：为什么不停止这一切，请求和平呢？
keep保持；have有；begin开始；stop停止。

根据“So we can’t win.”可知他是要求停止这一切，故选D。

42．句意：黄受了重伤。

wrongly错误地；correctly正确地；badly严重地；serious严重的。

根据“Huang was ... hurt.”可知黄受了重伤，用副词badly修饰。

故选C。

43．句意：后来，黄给曹寄了一封信，他说他想要帮助曹。

letter信；book书；light光；information信息。

根据“another letter”可知是指黄给曹寄了一封信。

故选A。

44．句意：很快曹的船就在一场大火中烧毁了。

created创造；fallen掉落；safe安全的；burnt燃烧。

根据“Soon Cao’s ships were…in a big fire.”可知是指曹的船在一场大火中被烧了，故选D。

三、任务型阅读
阅读下面材料，根据材料内容，完成下列各题。

The Sword of Goujian is a double-edged weapon (武器) that is over two thousand years old.
Although it is very old, this “magical” sword still can easily cut through 20 pieces of paper at once. As for its material, the high copper content (含铜量) of the sword gives its special color and the ability of being easily bent (使弯曲) without breaking.
The Sword of Goujian has repeated dark pictures on the blade, and there are blue crystals and green gems on the handle. On one side of the blade, you can see two lines of words. These eight words can be read as follows: “Goujian, the King of Yue, made it for his own use”.
The clearest feature of the Sword of Goujian is that it is shorter than other swords in history. Like all the emperors in the world, Goujian wanted to use the sword as a symbol of his power, not a frightening weapon.
The King of Yue was famous for his spirit of never giving up in difficult times. In 494 B．C．, Goujian was caught by the state of Wu. He had to serve its king for three years before being set free. After returning home, the King of Yue started to sleep on grass and trees while forcing himself to drink bile (胆汁) every day so as not to forget the pain and shame that he had gone through while in the state of Wu. In 478 B．C．, Goujian fought back and beat the state of Wu five years later.
The Sword of Goujian is not only a remarkable weapon, but also a symbol of strength and resilience (韧性). As a symbol of Chinese history and culture, the Sword of Goujian reminds people to have the courage to overcome challenges when facing them.
45．Why does the writer say that the Sword of Goujian is magical?
Because it can still 20 pieces of paper easily.
46．Which word means “特征” in the passage?
It’s “ ”.
47．What was Goujian’s purpose of forcing himself to drink bile every day?
To avoid that he had experienced in the state of Wu.
48．What does the underlined word “its” refer to in Paragraph 1?
It refers to .
49．What do you think of Goujian according to the passage?
I think .
【答案】45．cut through 46．feature 47．forgetting the pain and shame 48．the Sword
of Goujian’s 49．he is persistent/hardworking
【导语】本文主要介绍了勾践剑，并提到了越王勾践卧薪尝胆的故事。

45．根据“Although it is very old, this ‘magical’ sword still can easily cut through 20 pieces of paper at once.”可知是因为它可以一次轻松地剪断20张纸。

故填cut through。

46．根据“The clearest feature of the Sword of Goujian is that it is shorter than other swords in history.”可知比历史上别的剑更短是勾践剑最明显的特征，feature意为“特征”。

故填feature。

47．根据“After returning home, the King of Yue started to sleep on grass and trees while forcing himself to drink bile (胆汁) every day so as not to forget the pain and shame that he had gone through while in the state of Wu.”可知是为了避免忘记他在吴国时所经历的痛苦和耻辱。

故填forgetting the pain and shame。

48．根据“As for its material, the high copper content (含铜量) of the sword gives its special color and the ability of being easily bent (使弯曲) without breaking.”可知此处介绍的是勾践剑的材料，its表示的是“勾践剑的”。

故填the Sword of Goujian’s。

49．主观发挥题，根据“The King of Yue was famous for his spirit of never giving up in difficult times.”及“After returning home, the King of Yue started to sleep on grass and trees while forcing himself to drink bile (胆汁) every day so as not to forget the pain and shame that he had gone through while in the state of Wu. In 478 B.C., Goujian fought back and beat the state of Wu five years later.”可知勾践在困难时期永不放弃，卧薪尝胆打败了吴国，由此推出他是坚持不懈的、不辞劳苦的。

故填he is persistent/hardworking。

四、短文填空
A
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的词或括号内单词的正确形式。

In the year of 1247, Italian explorers Marco and Niccolo Polo set out on 50 24-year journey. During the journey, they traveled the famous Silk Road from Italy, through terrible deserts and very high 51 (mountain) to the eastern China. They traveled over 4,000 miles in all. Marco and Niccolo were among the very 52 (one) Europeans to explore the empire of China. In China, Marco Polo even worked 53 the ruler Kublai Khan. Polo described his experiences and findings in China by 54 (write) a book. Polo described materials and
inventions never seen before in Europe 55 (careful). Paper money, a printing press, gunpowder and coal were among the products he wrote about. He also talked about the vast wealth of Kublai Khan, as well as the geography of northern and 56 (south) China. European rulers 57 (be) very interested in the products Polo described. However, trading for them along the Silk Road was 58 (danger), expensive and impractical. European rulers began to wonder 59 there was a sea route to the East to get the products they wanted at a reasonable price.
【答案】
50．a 51．mountains 52．first 53．for 54．writing 55．carefully 56．southern 57．were 58．dangerous 59．if
【导语】本文主要讲了马可·波罗到中国的旅行及其造成的影响。

50．句意：1247年，意大利探险家马可·波罗和尼可洛·波罗开始了长达24年的旅程。

泛指“一次长达24年的旅行”，24以辅音音素开头，其前用a。

故填a。

51．句意：在旅途中，他们沿着著名的丝绸之路从意大利出发，穿过可怕的沙漠和非常高的山脉到达中国东部。

mountain前无表示数量的词，用复数。

故填mountains。

52．句意：他们总共走了4000多英里。

马可和尼可洛是最早探索中国帝国的欧洲人。

根据“the very ... (one) Europeans”可知用序数词first，此处表示“最早的欧洲人”。

故填first。

53．句意：在中国，马可·波罗甚至为统治者忽必烈汗工作。

work for“为……工作”。

故填for。

54．句意：波罗把他在中国的经历和发现写成了一本书。

介词by后接动名词作宾语。

故填writing。

55．句意：波罗仔细地描述了欧洲从未见过的材料和发明。

此处是副词修饰动词，careful 的副词形式carefully，意为“仔细地”。

故填carefully。

56．句意：他还谈到了忽必烈的巨大财富，以及中国南北的地理位置。

根据“northern and ... (south) China”可知是中国南北方，and连接并列形容词，south的形容词形式southern。

故填
southern。

57．句意：欧洲统治者对波罗描述的产品非常感兴趣。

根据“described”可知用一般过去时，主语“European rulers”后接be动词were。

故填were。

58．句意：然而，对他们来说，沿着丝绸之路进行贸易是危险、昂贵和不切实际的。

此处用形容词作表语，dangerous“危险的”。

故填dangerous。

59．句意：欧洲统治者开始怀疑是否有一条通往东方的海路，可以以合理的价格获得他们想要的产品。

根据“wonder ... there was a sea route to the East to get the products they wanted at a reasonable price”可知怀疑是否有一条通往东方的海陆，if引导宾语从句。

故填if。

B
In 1974, in the Shaanxi Province in China, some farmers 60 (dig) a hole for a well. They were looking for water, but they discovered something amazing. They found 61 army made of clay. Later, they came to be known 62 the Terracotta Warriors (秦始皇兵马俑). The army has 8,000 soldiers and 670 horses in it. Qin Shi Huang wanted this army to protect 63 (he) in the next life after his 64 (die).
In 246 BC, Qin Shi Huang became the first Emperor of China. He was only thirteen years old when he became emperor. Right away, work began on his burial (埋葬) ground. We know of the story of the emperor and the work from the Chinese writer Sima Qian. Sima lived about a hundred years after Qin Shi Huang. He said that 700,000 65 (man) worked on the army of figures, which took forty years 66 (complete).
The soldiers in the Terracotta Army were just models, 67 their weapons (武器) were not. They each had some of 68 (fine) weapons of their time. Chinese metal workers must have been very skilled and smart. The knives and other weapons they made are all still very sharp. Also, some of the weapons 69 (cover) with special chemicals that protected them.
【答案】
60．were digging 61．an 62．as 63．him 64．death 65．men 66．to complete 67．but 68．the finest 69．were covered
【导语】本文主要介绍了秦始皇兵马俑。

60．句意：1974年，在中国陕西省，一些农民正在挖井。

根据“They were looking for water”可知，一些农民正在挖井，再结合“In 1974”可知，句子用过去进行时态，用be doing结构，主语为复数，因此be动词用were。

故填were digging。

61．句意：他们发现了一支粘土军队。

根据语境可知，army为可数名词单数，在此处表示泛指，前面加不定冠词，army以元音音素开头，因此填an。

故填an。

62．句意：后来，他们被称为兵马俑。

根据“they came to be known ... the Terracotta Warriors”可知，他们被称为兵马俑，be known as“被称为”。

故填as。

63．句意：秦始皇想让这支军队在他死后的来生保护他。

空格部分作protect的宾语，因此用he的宾格。

故填him。

64．句意：秦始皇想让这支军队在他死后的来生保护他。

his后跟名词，因此用die的名词形式death。

故填death。

65．句意：他说，有70万人在制作这个数字军团，花了40年的时间才完成。

man为可数名词单数，前面有数词700,000，因此用复数形式。

故填men。

66．句意：他说，有70万人在制作这个数字军团，花了40年的时间才完成。

take some time to do sth为固定搭配，意为“花费时间做某事”，因此填动词不定式。

故填to complete。

67．句意：兵马俑中的士兵只是模型，但他们的武器不是模型。

分析句子可知，前后之间构成转折关系，因此填but“但是”。

故填but。

68．句意：他们每人都有一些当时最精良的武器。

根据“Chinese metal workers must have been very skilled and smart.”可知，此处指他们每人都有一些当时最精良的武器，因此fine用最高级形式，再结合“some of”可知，weapons表示特指，形容词最高级前面加定冠词the。

故填the finest。

69．句意：此外，一些武器被特殊的化学物质覆盖以保护它们。

分析句子可知，weapons与cover之间构成被动关系，用be covered结构，结合“protected”可知，句子用一般过去时，主语some为复数形式，因此be动词用were。

故填were covered。

五、选词填空
根据短文内容，用方框中所给词的适当形式填空，使短文内容完整、正确。

（每个词只能使用一次）
Li Bai was one of the 70 poets in the history of China. He liked playing very much when he was young. And he was always absent-minded (心不在焉的) in classes. He often 71 little birds on the hill and the next day he picked up 72 on that hill.
One day, he saw an old woman 73 at the riverside when he was crossing the river. The old woman was grinding an iron pestle (磨铁杵).
On seeing this, Li Bai laughed at her and said, “People who do this job are fools (傻子).” The old woman answered kindly, “I decided 74 the iron pestle into a needle (针) 75 the iron pestle is so thick and hard.”
Li Bai took the iron pestle and felt tired after grinding it 76 a minute. Then he complained, “How long can I grin an iron pestle into a needle?” He said angrily.
The old woman shook her head and said, “You can grinded the pestle into a needle as long as you keep working hard.” The old 77 words were so worthwhile (有价值的) and Li Bai remembered 78 by heart. From then on, he tried his 79 to study and became a great poet finally.
【答案】
70．most famous 71．caught 72．apples 73．sitting 74．to turn 75．though 76．for 77．woman’s 78．them 79．best
【导语】本文主要讲述了李白小时候在听完老妇人讲完铁杵磨成针的道理之后发愤图强，最终成为一名伟大的诗人。

70．句意：李白是中国历史上最著名的诗人之一。

空格处应填形容词作定语，结合空前“one of the”及常识可知，此处是指李白是中国历史上最著名的诗人之一，所以空格处应用形容词的最高级。

故填most famous。

71．句意：他经常在山上抓小鸟，第二天又在山上捡苹果。

空格处应填一个动词作谓语，结合空后“little birds”及语境可知，此处是指抓小鸟，且句子是一般过去时，所以此处应用动词的过去式。

故填caught。

72．句意：他经常在山上抓小鸟，第二天又在山上捡苹果。

空格处应填一个名词作宾语，结合空前“pick up”及备选词汇可知，此处是指摘苹果，apple表示“苹果”，为可数名词，且空前无冠词，所以此处应用复数名词。

故填apples。

73．句意：一天，他过河时看见河边坐着一位老妇人。

此处考查see sb. doing sth.表示“看见某人正在做某事”，结合下文“The old woman was grinding an iron pestle (磨铁杵).”及备选词汇可知，此处是指一位老妇人正在河边坐着。

故填sitting。

74．句意：老妇人和蔼地回答，“虽然铁杵又粗又硬，但我还是决定把它变成针。

”此处考查decide to do sth.表示“决定做某事”，为固定搭配，结合空后“the iron pestle into a needle”可知，此处是指把铁杵变成针。

故填to turn。

75．句意：老妇人和蔼地回答，“虽然铁杵又粗又硬，但我还是决定把它变成针。

”分析可知，空格前后存在转折关系，though表示“尽管”，符合语境。

故填though。

76．句意：李白拿起铁杵，磨了一分钟就觉得累了。

此处考查“for+一段时间”表示“（时间）长达……”，为固定搭配。

故填for。

77．句意：老妇人的话是如此有价值，李白把它们记在心里。

根据前文“The old woman shook her head and said”可知，此处是指老妇人的话很有价值，所以空格处应用名词所有格形式。

故填woman’s。

78．句意：老妇人的话是如此有价值，李白把它们记在心里。

此处是指把老妇人的话记在心里，且空格处作remembered的宾语，所以此处应用人称代词宾语them表示“它们”。

故填them。

79．句意：从那时起，他努力学习，最终成为一名伟大的诗人。

此处考查try one’s best to do sth.表示“尽力做某事”，为固定搭配。

故填best。