2019最新高考英语语法要点细讲精练06—非谓语动词(详解)

2019最新高考英语语法要点细讲精练06—非谓语动词（详解）
注意事项：认真阅读理解，结合历年的真题，总结经验，查找不足！重在审题，多思考，多理解！
无论是单选、多选还是论述题，最重要的就是看清题意。

在论述题中，问题大多具有委婉性，尤其是历年真题部分，在给考生较大发挥空间的同时也大大增加了考试难度。

考生要认真阅读题目中提供的有限材料，明确考察要点，最大限度的挖掘材料中的有效信息，建议考生答题时用笔将重点勾画出来，方便反复细读。

只有经过仔细推敲，揣摩命题老师的意图，积极联想知识点，分析答题角度，才能够将考点锁定，明确题意。

【考纲解读】
非谓语动词是历年来的考查重点之一，因为它们结构复杂，功能繁多，也是考生难于掌握的语法点， 2018年的高考题中考查共有33题之多。

考查重点主要有不定式的完成式、被动式、进行式、否定结构及省略形式；不定式和分词作后置定语的区别；只能接动名词的动词和接动名词、不定式有区别的动词的用法；动名词的被动用法及分词作为定语、状语、宾补的用法。

尤其是作状语的用法，在非谓语动词的考题中占的比例最大；其次是非谓语动词作补语和宾语的用法，也占一定的比例。

不管怎么考，基本上离不开非谓语动词的基本用法，只是题干的设置注重了句子结构的复杂化和语境化。

所以做非谓语动词题不仅要理清句子的
【知识要点】
定义：在英语中，不作句子谓语，而具有除谓语外其他语法功能的动词，叫做非谓语动词。

分类：非谓语动词有动词不定式〔the Infinitive〕；动名词〔the Gerund〕；现在分词〔the Present Participle〕；过去分词〔the Past Participle 〕
【一】动词不定式
不定式由“to+动词原形”构成，其否定形式是“not to+动词原形”。

不定式可以带宾语或状语构成不定式短语，没有人称和数的变化，但有时态和语态的变化。

不定式可作主语、宾语、状语、表语和定语，但不能单独作谓语。

1.不定式的时态及语态
当不定式逻辑上
的主语是这个不
定式所表示的动
作的承受者时，不
定式须用被动形
式。

如：He asked
to be sent to
work in Tibet.
This book is
said to have
been translated
into many
languages.
2.
1〕作主语：
To finish the work in ten minutes is very hard.
动词不定式短语作主语时，常用it
It is very hard to finish the work in ten minutes.
2〕
Her job is to clean the hall.
3〕
常与不定式作宾语连用的动词有：want, hope, wish, offer, fail, plan, learn, pretend, refuse, manage, help, agree, promise, prefer，afford，ask，decide，expect，intend
如果不定式〔宾语〕后面有宾语补足语，那么用it作形式宾语，真正的宾语〔不定式〕后
Marx found it important to study the situation in Russia.
动词不定式在介词but后面时，如果介词之前有行为动词do的各种形式，那么这些介词后的不定式不带to；否那么就要带to。

另外在can’t choose but和can’t help but等后面的不定式也省略to
I have no choice but to stay here.
动词不定式作动词tell，show，understand，explain，teach，learn，advise，discuss 等词的宾语时，前面常带疑问词。

即：疑问词(how，when，where，what，who)...+to do。

He gave us some advice on how to learn English. 他给了我们一些就如何学英语的建议。

4〕
动词不定式作动词feel,hear，see，watch，notice，observe等感官动词以及have,let，make等使役动词后面的宾语补足语时，不定式符号to要省略。

但如果这些句子变成被动结构时，就必须带to
I saw him cross the road.
He was seen to cross the road.
5〕
作定语的不定式如果是不及物动词，或者不定式修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点、工
There is nothing to worry about.
如果不定式修饰time, place, way
He has no place to live.
This is the best way to work out this problem.
当作定语的不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的承受者时，不定式既可以用主动语
Have you got anything to send
〔你有什么东西要寄吗？——不定式to send的动作执行者是“你”〕
Have you got anything to be sent
〔你有什么要〔我或别人〕寄的东西吗？——不定式to be sent的动作执行者是“我”或
“别人”〕
I borrowed some books to read during my holiday.
用来修饰被序数词、最高级或no,all，any
He was the best man to do the job.他是做这项工作的最正确
She was the first woman to win the gold medal in the Olympic Games.
用于修饰的词是抽象名词时，常见的有：ability，chance，idea，fact，excuse，promise，answer，reply，attempt，belief，way，reason，moment，time
Do you have the ability to read and write English
6〕
He worked day and night to get the money.
〔×)To save money, every means has been tried.
(√)To save money, he has tried every means.
He arrived late to find the train gone.
常用only
I visited him only to find him out.
They were very sad to hear the news.
It’s too dark for us to see anything.天太黑
The question is simple for him to answer.
To tell you the truth, I don’t like the way he talked.
3.不定式符号to
有时为了避免重复，可以用to来代替前面的不定式，这种情况常出现在以下动词后：expect，hope，wish，mean，prefer，care，forget，want，try以及be glad/happy；would like/love
I haven’t been to Hong Kong，but I wish to.
—I didn’t tell him the news.
—Oh，you ought to have.你应该告诉他的。

4.
1〕for sb.to do 还是of sb.to do
“for+逻辑主语+不定式”结构称为不定式复合结构，介词可用for或of。

当形式主语句型中的表语是形容词，来描述不定式动作时，逻辑主语之前使用for；当它描述不定式的逻辑主语，说明其品质、特征或属性时，要用of，常见形容词有good，nice，clever，wise，foolish，stupid，honest，kind，polite，careful，cruel，brave，crazy
2)too ... to
在英语中，“too+adj./adv.+to do sth.”结构表示否定意义，意为“太……而不能……”。

也可用so...that句型来表示，但that从句必须用否定形
You’re too young to understand such things.
=You’re so yong that you can’t understand such things.
注意：在以下场合下，too... to
某些形容词与too...to 连用表示肯定意义，too相当于very much。

这些形容词多是表示心情的词和描述性的形容词。

如：ready，glad，pleased，surprised，delighted，happy，
easy，eager，thankful，anxious，willing，good，kind，true等。

在too前加上only，but，all，simply或just时，too...to结构表示肯定意义。

如：
I’m only too glad to meet you here again.
【二】动名词
动名词既具有动词的一些特征，又具有名词的句法功能。

1.
否定式：not+
1〕
Seeing is believing.眼见为
2〕
He came to the party without being invited.
3〕
We remembered having seen the film.
4〕
He forgot having been taken to Guangzhou when he was five years old.
5〕否定式：not+
I regret not following his advice.
6〕复合结构：物主代词〔或名词所有格〕+
He suggested our trying it once again.
His not knowing English troubled him a lot.他不懂英语给他带来许多麻烦。

2.
1〕
Reading aloud is very helpful.
Collecting stamps is interesting.
当动名词短语作主语时常用it
It’s no use quarrelling.
2〕
In the ant city, the queen’s job is laying eggs.在蚂蚁王国，蚁后的工作是产卵。

3〕
They haven’t finished building the dam.
We have to prevent the air from being polluted.
注意：动名词既可作动词宾语也可作介词宾语，如上面两个例句。

此外，动名词作宾语时，假设跟有宾语补足语，那么常用形式宾语it
We found it no good making fun of others.
enjoy, finish, suggest, avoid， excuse ,delay, imagine, keep, miss, consider, admit
〔承认〕，deny, mind, permit, forbid, practise, risk〔冒险〕, appreciate, be busy, be worth, feel like, can’t stand, can’t help, think of, dream of, be fond of, prevent...(from),keep ...from, stop...(from〕,protect...from, set about, be engaged in, spend...(in), succeed in, be used to, look forward to, object to, pay attention
to, insist on, feel like
4〕
He can’t walk without a walking stick.
Is there a swimming pool in your school?
5〕
The cave, his hiding place is secret.
His habit, listening to the news on the radio remains unchanged.
【三】现在分词
现在分词既具有动词的一些特征，又具有形容词和副词的句法功能。

1.
否定式：not+
1〕
现在分词主动语态的一般式表示与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生，完成式表示的动作在谓
They went to the park, singing and talking. 他们边唱边说向公园走去
Having done his homework, he played basketball.
2〕
一般式表示与谓语动词同时发生的被动的动作，完成式表示发生在谓语动词之前的被动的动
The problem being discussed is very important.
Having been told many times, the naughty boy made the same mistake.
被告诉了好几遍，这个淘气的孩子又犯了同一个错误。

2.
1〕
现在分词作定语，当分词单独作定语时，放在所修饰的名词前；如果是分词短语作定语放在
In the following years he worked even harder.
The man speaking to the teacher is our monitor’s father.
现在分词作定语相当于一个定语从句的句法功能，如：
in the following years 也可用in the years that followed;
the man speaking to the teacher
可改为the man who is speaking to the teacher.
2〕
The film being shown in the cinema is exciting.
The present situation is inspiring.
be+doing既可能表示现在进行时，也可能是现在分词作表语，它们的区别在于be+doing表示进行的动作是进行时，而表示特征时是系动词be
3〕
如下动词后可跟现在分词作宾语补足语：see, watch, hear, feel, find, get, keep, notice, observe, listen to, look at, leave, catch
Can you hear her singing the song in the next room
He kept the car waiting at the gate.
4〕现在分词作状语
(While)Working in the factory, he was an advanced worker.
Being a League member, he is always helping others.
He stayed at home, cleaning and washing.
(If)Playing all day, you will waste your valuable time.
He dropped the glass, breaking it into pieces.
作目的状语
He went swimming the other day.
作让步
Though raining heavily, it cleared up very soon.
与逻辑主语构成独立主格
I waiting for the bus, a bird fell on my heard.
All the tickets having been sold out, they went away disappointedly.
Time permitting, we’ll do another two exercises.
有时也可用with (without)+名词〔代词宾格〕+
With the lights burning, he fell asleep.
作独立成分
Judging from(by)his appearance, he must be an actor.
Generally speaking, girls are more careful.
【四】过去分词
过去分词只有一种形式：规那么ed构成。

不规那么动词的过去分词没有统一的规那么
过去分词的句法功能：
1.
Our class went on an organized trip last Monday.
Those elected as committee members will attend the meeting.
当选为委员的人将出席这次
注意当过去分词是单词时，一般用于名词前，如果是过去分词短语，就放在名词的后面。

过去分词作定语相当于一个被动语态的定语从句。

2.
The window is broken.
They were frightened at the sad sight.
注意：be+过去分词，如果表示状态是系表结构，如果表示被动的动作是被动语态。

区别：The window is broken.〔系表〕
The window was broken by the boy.〔被动〕
boiled water〔开水〕
fallen leaves〔落叶〕
newly arrived goods〔新到的货〕
the risen sun〔升起的太阳〕
the changed world〔变了的世界〕
这类过去分词有：gone, come, fallen, risen, changed, arrived, returned, passed等。

3.过去分词作宾语补足语
I heard the song sung several times last week.
有时过去分词作with
With the work done, they went out to play.工作做完了，他们出去玩去了。

4.
1〕
Praised by the neighbours, he became the pride of his parents.
2〕
Once seen, it can never be forgotten.
3〕
Given more time, I’ll be able to do it better.如果给予更多的时间，我能做得更好。

4〕
Though told of the danger, he still risked his life to save the boy.
Filled with hopes and fears, he entered the cave.
【考点诠释】
考点【一】考查谓语动词与非谓语动词的识别
英语句子至少应该包括主语与谓语两部分, 而多数情况下谓语都由动词来充当。

如果对句子成分划分不清，把谓语动词与非谓语动词混淆, 做题效果可想而知。

要克服这一毛病，关键在于正确判断、识别动词在句中是否充当谓语。

如：
1. The children (play) _____ the violin over there will go on the stage next week. 根据句子结构，我们可以看出这是一个简单句。

主语是The children，谓语部分是will go
考点【二】考查作状语的非谓语动词的辨析
作状语的非谓语动词主要考查其各种形式的辨析，即是选择动词不定式、现在分词还是过去分词作状语, 不同的状语对非谓语动词的要求不同。

动词不定式主要作目的、结果和原因状语；现在分词和过去分词主要作时间、原因、条件、让步、方式和伴随状语，两者不同之处在于：现在分词作状语时，现在分词的动作就是句子主语的动作,即它的逻辑主语就是句子的主语，它们之间的关系是主动关系，而过去分词作状语时，虽然它的逻辑主语也是句子的主语，但过去分词表示的动作是句子主语承受的动作，它们之间的关系是被动关系。

请看下面例题：
1.____tired of Tom’s all-talk-no-action attitude, Julia decided to do the job all by herself.
A) To get B) To have got
C) Getting D) Have got
一般来说，在句子中没有连接词的情况下, 逗号是无力连接两个句子的。

据此，首先可以确定这是一个简单句，非谓语动词短语放在句首作状语。

依据非谓语动词短语get tired of 与其逻辑主语Julia之间的主动关系，以及谓语动词与非谓语动词所表示的动作几乎同时发生，没有明显的先后顺序，可以断定应用现在分词一般式作原因状语,即“由于厌倦了Tom 只说不做的工作态度”，故正确答案为C。

考点【三】考查非谓语动词逻辑主语的分辨
非谓语动词虽然在句中不作谓语，但仍然有自己逻辑上的主语。

历年各种考试的重点在于正确分辨非谓语动词的逻辑主语是什么，两者之间是主动关系还是被动关系，特别是非谓语动词作状语的时候。

我们知道，当非谓语动词放在句首作状语的时候，一般来说，它的逻辑主语就是句子的主语，那么，当它的逻辑主语不是句子的主语时，又会出现什么现象呢？请看下面例题：
1. The last bus (go)____, we had to walk home.
2. Weather (permit)____, the spaceship will be launched tomorrow evening.
这两个非谓语动词短语的逻辑主语都不是句子的主语，而是分别有它自己的逻辑主语，
请再看下面例题：
3. The work (finish) _____, they may go home.
4. The problem (discuss) _____ at the meeting- room now, the workers had to wait outdoors.
同样，这两道题的结构也是独立主格结构。

依据非谓语动词与其逻辑主语之间的被动关系以及非谓语动词所表示动作发生的时间性，可以判断正确答案分别为finished(已完成)和being discussed(正在进行)。

考点【四】考查非谓语动词时态与语态的把握
非谓语动词虽然在句中不作谓语，但它仍然具有动词的特征，即可以有自己的主语(逻辑主语),也可以有时态和语态的变化。

非谓语动词的各种时态形式都是依据句子的谓语动词的时
态形式而变化的。

一般情况下，如果非谓语动词所表示的动作在谓语动词所表示的动作同时或之后发生, 就用非谓语动词的一般式或进行式(侧重强调动作正在进行)；如果非谓语动词所表示的动作在谓语动词所表示的动作之前发生，就用非谓语动词的完成式(特别强调动作发生的先后)。

非谓语动词的语态在于正确把握非谓语动词与其逻辑主语之间是主动关系还是被动关系。

例如：
____ that Bob had got promoted, his friends came to congratulate him.
A) Heard B) Having heard
C) Hear D) To hear
依据非谓语动词hear与其逻辑主语his friends之间的主动关系，以及前后句的逻辑关系，可以断定用现在分词形式来作时间状语，再根据现在分词的动作“听说”发生在主要谓语动词“来”之前，由此判断应该用现在分词的完成式(只用作状语时使用)，意为“听说Bob 已得到提升，他的朋友都来向他表示祝贺”，故正确答案为B。

考点【五】考查非谓语动词作主语时句式的转变
非谓语动词〔动词不定式或动名词〕作主语主要考查其句式的转变，习惯上通常把it作为形式主语放在句首，作题时要善于分辨这种形式上的转变。

请看下面例题：
1. It is an honour for me (be) _____ your English teacher.
2. It is no use of us (wait) _____ at home like this.
六、考查作定语的非谓语动词的判断
非谓语动词作定语主要考查非谓语动词作后置定语的情况，这里关键要把握住非谓语动词与其逻辑主语之间是主动行为还是被动行为,以及非谓语动词表示的动作发生的时间性，即是正在进行或已经完成还是将要发生。

一般来说，用现在分词一般式作定语往往表示动作是主动行为且正在进行当中，如果动作是被动行为且正在进行当中，就用现在分词一般式的被动语态；用过去分词作定语往往表示动作是被动行为且已经完成; 用动词不定式作定语表示将要发生的动作，如果是被动行为，就用动词不定式一般式的被动语态。

例如：
1. The boy (cry)____ over there is my younger brother.
依据cry与它的逻辑主语The boy之间的主动关系和cry的动作正在进行，所以用现在分词作定语修饰boy，因而正确答案为crying。

【试题放送】
【2018江西卷】33、Having finished her project, she was invited by the school to the new students.
A、speaking
B、having spoken
C、to speak
D、to have spoken
【答案】C
【考点】非谓语动词。

【解析】不定式表目的，又因D选项时态错误，应选C。

【2018江西卷】35、John has really got the job because he showed me the official letter him it.
A、offered
B、offering
C、to offer
D、to be offered
【答案】B
【考点】非谓语动词
【解析】此处offer的逻辑主语为空格前名词letter，根据句意，两者语态为主动关系，
且表伴随，应选B。

【2018湖南卷】31. The lecture, ____ at 7:00 pm last night, was followed by an observation of the moon with telescopes.
A. starting
B. being started
C. to start
D. to be started
【答案】A
【考点】此题考查非谓语动词的用法。

【解析】根据last night可知start已经发生，故排除C、D〔不定式常表将来〕，B〔being done〕一般表进行，也排除。

非谓语动词的主动语态和被动语态现在分词作定语
【2018湖南】23. Time, ____ correctly, is money in the bank.
A. to use
B. used
C. using
D. use
【答案】B
【考点】考查非谓语动词。

【解析】因为本句已有谓语动词is，且没有连词或引导词，故排除谓语形式D；而time与use为被动关系，所以选B。

谓语与非谓语动词过去分词作条件状语或时间状语表被动【2018湖南】21. We've had a good start, but next, more work needs ____ to achieve the final success.
A. being done
B. do
C. to be done
D. to do
【答案】C
【考点】考查非谓语动词。

【解析】因为work与do为被动关系，而need后表被动用-ing的主动形式表被动含义，或用不定式的被动形式，应选C。

谓语与非谓语动词不定式的被动语态作宾语短语need to be done。

【2018重庆卷】31. Before you quit your job, ______how your family would feel about your decision.
A. consider
B. considering
C. to consider
D. considered
【答案】A
【考点】祈使句用法
【解析】结合选项来分析句子结构，逗号前为时间状语从句，后面实际上是一个祈使句。

由此可知，A选项符合题意。

因此，正确答案为A选项。

【2018重庆卷】28. We’re having a meeting in half an hour. The decision ______ at the meeting will in the future of our company.
A. to be made
B. being made
C. made
D. having been made
【答案】 A
【考点】非谓语动词
【解析】分析句子结构可知，空白处为后置定语，与被修饰的名词是逻辑上的被动关系，而且是将要发生的动作。

由此可知，表示被动和将来的A选项符合题意。

B表示被动进行，C 表示被动完成，D表示被动完成，但是不作定语。

因此，正确答案为A选项。

【2018重庆卷】23.______to work overtime that evening, I missed a wonderful film.
A. Having been asked
B. To ask
C. Having asked
D. To be asked
【答案】A
【考点】非谓语动词用法
【解析】逗号前为原因状语，空白处与句子的主语为逻辑上的动宾关系，由此可排除表示主动关系的B和C选项，D选项常作目的和结果状语，不作原因状语，也可排除，而A选项为现在分词完成式的被动形式，可作时间状语、原因状语、结果状语、伴随状语等。

因此，正
确答案为A选项。

【2018辽宁卷】29. This machine is very easy . Anybody can learn to use it in a few minutes.
A. operating
B. to be operating
C. operated
D. to operate
【答案】D
【考点】非谓语动词
【解析】在句型“主语+be+adj+to do”中，如果这个主语是动词do的逻辑宾语，故用主动表被动，所以选D。

【2018辽宁卷】25. The old couple often take a walk after supper in the park with their pet dog them.
A. to follow
B. following
C. followed
D. follows 【答案】B
【考点】非谓语动词
【解析】with的宾语后面可加形容词、副词、分词、不定式、名词等作宾补，这儿pet dog 与follow构成主谓关系，所以用following.
【2018四川卷】6. Tom took a taxi to the airport, only _____ his plane high up in the sky.
A. finding
B. to find
C. being found
D. to have found 【答案】 B
【考点】此题考查非谓语动词。

【解析】句意为：汤姆乘的士赶到机场，结果只发现他要乘坐的飞机已经飞入高空了。

此处only后接动词不定式to do表示意想不到的结果。

应选B。

【2018四川卷】8. I looked up and noticed a snake ______ its way up the tree to catch its breakfast.
A. to wind
B. wind
C. winding
D. wound
【答案】 C
【考点】此题考查非谓语动词。

【解析】此题考查现在分词作宾语补足语。

winding its way与宾语snake之间为主动关系且此动作正在进行，应选C。

【2018四川卷】12. Before driving into the city, you are required to get your car ____.
A. washed
B. wash
C. washing
D. to wash
【答案】 A 此题考查非谓语动词。

【考点】考查过去分词作宾语补足语。

【解析】此题中使役动词get后接的宾语car与作宾语补足语的动词wash之间为被动关系，构成短语：get sth. done。

故答案选A。

句意为：在驱车进城之前，你必须将你的车洗了。

【2018四川卷】16. I make $2,000 a week, 60 surely won’t make ______ difference to me.
A. that a big
B. a that big
C. big a that
D. that big a 【答案】 D
【考点】此题考查副词用法。

【解析】副词that表示“那么…”修饰形容词的固定短语为：that + adj. 〔+ a/ an + n.〕，相当于so及how的用法，即that(so/ how) big a difference —那么〔如此/多么〕大
的一个分别〔影响〕。

应选D。

【2018陕西卷】15.________ in a long queue, we waited for the store to open to buy a New iPad .
A. Standing
B. To stand
C. Stood
D. Stand
【答案】A
【考点】考查非谓语动词。

【解析】非谓语动词短语后有逗号，说明非谓语动词做题干的状语，逻辑主语是句子的主语we，非谓语动词与逻辑主语是主动关系，且其动作与谓语动词wait的动作同时进行，用动词v-ing的一般式，选A。

【2018陕西卷】22.If he takes on this work, he will have no choice but ______ an even greater challenge.
A. meets
B. meeting
C. meet
D. to meet
【答案】D
【考点】考查非谓语动词。

【解析】所填词与前文构成固定句型have no choice but to do sth，应选D。

【2018北京卷】23. One learns a language by making mistakes and ______ them. A. corrects B. correct C.to correct D. correcting
【答案】 D
【考点】考查并列结构。

【解析】并列结构，making与correcting并列。

【2018北京卷】27. _______ with care, one tin will last for six weeks.
A. Use
B. Using
C. Used
D. To use
【答案】 C
【考点】非谓语动词考点。

【解析】此处tin和use是被动关系，故用过去分词形式。

【2018全国II】15. The old man sat in front of the television every evening, happy _____ anything that happened to be on.
A. to watch
B. watching
C. watched
D. to have watched
【答案】A
【考点】考查非谓语动词的用法。

【解析】此处happy to watch anything that happened to be on作sat的目的状语。

句意：那位老人每天晚上坐在电视机前，高兴地看要上演的任何节目。

【2018全国II】10. Tony lent me the money, ______that I’d do as much for him.
A. hoping
B. to hope
C. hoped
D. having hoped
【答案】A
【考点】考查非谓语动词的用法。

【解析】此处现在分词短语hoping that I’d do as much for him作伴随状语。

句意：Tony 借给我了钱，希望我加倍还他。

【2018北京卷】32. Birds’ singing is sometimes a warning to other birds ________ away.
A. to stay
B. staying
C. stayed
D. stay
【答案】A
【考点】非谓语考点，目的状语用不定式。

11. 【2018天津卷】He got up late and hurried to his office, _________the breakfast untouched.【C】
A. left
B. to leave
C. leaving
D. having left
【2018全国新课程】32. Film has a much shorter history, especially when_ such art forms as music and painting.
A. having compared to
B. comparing to
C. compare to
D. compared to
【答案】D
【解析】此处是被省略的时间状语从句，其相当于：when film is compared to such art forms as music and painting. 这里film和compare之间是被动关系，故用过去分词。

又因为主语一致，所以film被省略。

句意：电影的历史短的多，尤其是当它和像音乐和绘画这样的艺术形式相比时。

【考点】考查非谓语动词的用法。

【2018全国新课程】28. The party will be held in the garden, weather . A. permitting B. to permit
C. permitted
D. permit
【答案】A
【解析】此处主句的主语party 和weather不一致，所以weather保留，作permitting的逻辑主语，构成独立主格结构。

另外，weather与permit之间是主动关系，故用现在分词。

句意：如果天气允许，聚会将在花园举行。

【考点】考查现在分词的独立主格结构。

【2018山东卷】35. After completing and signing it, please return the form to us in the envelope ________.
A. providing
B. provided
C. having provided
D. provide
【答案】B
【解析】此处动词provide与其逻辑主语envelope之间是被动关系，在句中作定语，相当于which is provided。

句意为：完成并签名后，请把表格放入我们提供的信封内送回。

【考点】考查非谓语动词的用法。

【2018山东卷】26. George returned after the war, only _______ that his wife had left him.
A. to be told
B. telling
C. being told
D. told
【答案】A
【解析】此处only to do/be done表示意料之外的结果；现在分词作结果状语那么表示自然的结果。

这里George和tell之间是被动关系，因此用to be told。

句意：乔治战争后回到家，结果被告知妻子已经离开了。

【考点】考查不定式短语作结果状语。

【2018福建卷】22. 一 Have you figured out how much the trip will cost? —$4,000, or like that.
A. anything
B. everything
C. something
D. nothing
【考点】此题考查不定代词用法
【答案】C
【解析】something like that 意为“大致如此，差不多这样”，something在本句中是表
示不确定的描述或数量，“大致，左右”的意思。

比如：She called at something after ten o’clock.她10点多钟来过电话。

It tastes something like melon. 这吃起来有点像甜瓜。

They pay six pounds an hour. Something like that. 他们按每小时六英镑付费。

大致如此。

【2018福建卷】28. China recently tightened its waters controls near the Huangyan Island to prevent Chinese fishing boats from in the South China Sea.
A. attacking
B. having attacked
C. being attacked
D. having been attacked 【考点】此题考查固定词组搭配
【答案】C
【解析】prevent sb from doing sth“阻止某人做某事”，本句中的fishing boats和attack 是被动关系，所以选择C项，句意：中国最近加紧黄岩岛的水域控制来阻止中国渔船在中国南海被袭击。

【2018福建卷】34. Pressed from his parents, and ______that he has wasted too much time , the boy is determined to stop playing video games.
A. realizing
B. realized
C. to realize
D. being realized
【考点】此题考查非谓语动词的用法。

【答案】A
【解析】首先要弄清楚本句中的and连接的成分是非谓语动词做状语，主语与press是被动关系，但是与realize是主动，“被父母迫使同时自己也意识到他已经浪费了太多时间，这个男孩决定停止玩电脑游戏。

此题考查非谓语动词的难度挺大，主要是很多学生看到pressed后就不知道realize在句中做什么成分，所以此题关键有两个，一个是and并列的成分是什么，然后就是realize与主语the boy的关系。

【2018浙江卷】11. "It's a such nice place," Mother said as she sat at the table________ for customs.
A. to be reserved
B. Living reserved
C. reserving
D. reserved
【考点】非谓语—过去分词
【答案】D
【解析】reserve和谓语动词sat之间没有连词，故用非谓语，且和其逻辑主语the table 逻辑上构成被动关系，故用过去分词表示被动、完成的概念，在句子中做后置定语。

【2018浙江卷】8. I think Tom, as the head of a big department, should cither study regularly or______his job.
A. quits
B. to quit
C. quitting
D. quit
【考点】并列结构
【答案】D
【解析】 either…or+并列结构，前后形式上保持一致，由此与study相呼应，故答案选D，用动词原形。

【2018浙江卷】3. No matter how bright a talker you are, there are times when it's better
silent.
A. remain
B. be remaining
C. having remained
D. to remain
【考点】非谓语—不定式
【答案】D
【解析】it做形式主语，真正的主语是后面的不定式：to remain silent. 可归结为句型：it is +形容词/名词+to do/that…。

当然it也可以做形式宾语，如find/feel it +to。