2022年考研考博-考博英语-南京大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷(带答案)试题号：83

2022年考研考博-考博英语-南京大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析
AB卷（带答案）
一.综合题(共15题)
1.
单选题
The teacher wanted to make the students realize that reading good literature is a good way to broaden their（）.
问题1选项
A.vision
B.horizon
C.scope
D.expansion
【答案】B
【解析】名词词义辨析。

vision “幻觉” ;horizon “眼界，地平线” ;scope “范围” ;expansion “扩充”。

句意：这位老师想让学生们意识到读一些好的文学作品是开阔视野的一个好的方法。

选项B符合题意。

2.
单选题
Please do not be（）by his offensive remarks since he is merely trying to attract attention. 问题1选项
A.distracted
B.disregarded
C.irritated
D.intervened
【答案】C
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。

distract “使心烦意乱”；disregard “忽视，不尊重”；irritate “刺激，激怒”；intervene “干涉，调停”。

句意：请不要被他无礼的评论所激怒，因为他只是想引起注意。

选项C符合题意。

3.
单选题
Competition, they believe, （）the national character than corrupt it.
问题1选项
A.enforces
B.confirms
C.intensifies
D.strengthens
【答案】D
【解析】考查近义动词词义辨析。

enforce “强迫，强制”，confirm “确定”，intensify“使变得更强烈”，strengthen“增强力量”。

句意：他们相信竞争能增强民族性，而不是使民族堕落。

选项D符合题意。

4.
单选题
Smoking, which may be a pleasure for some people, is a serious source of discomfort for their fellows. （1 ）, medical authorities express their （2 ） about the effect of smoking（3 ）the health not only of those who smoke but also of those who don’t. In fact, non-smokers who must（4 ）inhale the air polluted by tobacco smoke may（5 ）more than the smokers themselves.
A （6）number of our students have（7 ）in an effort to （8 ）the university to ban smoking
in the classrooms. I believe they are（9）right in their aim. （10 ）, I would hope that it is （11 ）to achieve this by （12 ） the smokers to use good judgment and show concern（13 ）others rather than by regulation.
I am therefore asking you to （14 ）“No Smoking” in the auditoriums, classrooms and seminar rooms. This will prove that you have the non-smoker’s health and well-being（15 ）, which is very important to a large number of our students.
问题1选项
A.Still
B.More
C.Again
D.Further
问题2选项
A.concern
B.trouble
C.interest
D.displeasure
问题3选项
A.on
B.in
C.with
D.to 问题4选项
A.involuntarily
B.instinctively
C.spontaneously
D.reluctantly
问题5选项
A.endure
B.suffer
C.undergo
D.put up with
问题6选项
A.few
B.considerable
C.many
D.quantitative
问题7选项
A.linked
B.connected
C.associated
D.joined
问题8选项
A.make
B.persuade
C.cause
mit
问题9选项
A.entirely
B.totally
C.just
D.wholly
问题10选项
A.But then
B.However
C.Although
D.Moreover
问题11选项
A.likely
B.probably
C.capable
D.possible
问题12选项
A.pleading
B.begging
C.insisting
D.calling on
问题13选项
A.with
B.for
C.to
D.in
问题14选项
A.inscribe
B.decorate
C.maintain
D.claim
问题15选项A.on head
B.in heart
C.in mind
D.in your brain
【答案】第1题:D
第2题:A
第3题:A
第4题:D
第5题:B
第6题:B
第7题:D
第8题:B
第9题:A
第10题:B
第11题:D
第12题:D
第13题:B
第14题:C
第15题:C
【解析】（1）逻辑关系。

前一句提到吸烟是引起同伴不愉快的原因，空格后一句提到医学权威表明吸烟还会损害人体健康，所以前后两句都是表示吸烟会带来不好的影响，为递进关系。

选项D符合题意。

（2）固定搭配。

concern “关心”；trouble “麻烦”；interest “兴趣，爱好”；displeasure “不愉快”。

句意：医学权威们表明了他们对吸烟带来健康危害问题的关心。

concern about “关心，顾虑”。

选项A符合题意。

（3）固定搭配。

effect on “对......的影响”，文中提到了抽烟对吸烟者和不吸烟者都有身体健康危害。

选项A符合题意。

（4）上下文语境。

involuntarily “无心地，不自觉地”；instincti vely “本能地”；spontaneously “自发地，自然地”；reluctantly “不情愿地，勉强地”句意：不抽烟的人被迫吸入被烟污染的空气。

选项D符合题意，
（5）近义词词义辨析。

endure特指忍耐的时间较长，强调时间；suffer常指遭受某些糟糕的事情；put up with 指忍受、容忍一些小事；undergo指经历某些过程。

句意：不抽烟的人被迫吸入被烟雾污染的空气，遭受到的伤害比吸烟的人还要多。

选项B符合题意。

（6）形容词词义辨析。

few “几乎没有，少的”；considerable “相当大的”；many “大量的”，quantitative “定量的”。

句意：大量的学生为教室禁烟做了努力。

a considerable number of “大量的”，选项B符合题意。

（7）动词词义辨析。

link “；连接，联系”；connect “连接”；associate “联系，关联”；join “加入”。

句意：很多学生加入到这种教室禁烟活动中。

选项D符合题意。

（8）上下文语境。

根据文章意思，是劝说学生们禁止在教室抽烟，persuade sb. to do sth. “劝说某人做某事”，选项B符合题意。

（9）副词词义辨析。

entirely “程度上整个地，彻底地”；totally “整个地”；just “仅仅，只”；wholly “全部，统统”。

句意：他们在目的上完全是正确的，强调程度。

选项A符合题意。

（10）逻辑关系。

前一句表示学生们在意图上是完全正确的，空格后面就谈到希望吸烟者自己能通过自己的判断能力或者是提高对他人的关心去禁烟而不是靠一些规则。

所以前后是转折关系。

选项B符合题意。

（11）近义词辨析。

本空填形容词“可能的”，所以排除B选项。

常用句型“sb. is likely to”和“it is likely that”，排除likely, capable “能干的，有能力的”，不符合文意，选项D符合题意。

（12）动词词义解析。

plead “恳求”；beg “请示”，语气更加强烈。

insist “坚持”，在文章中是号召大家禁烟，所以用“call on”短语，选项D符合题意。

（13）短语搭配。

文章意思为表示对他人的关心，选项B符合题意。

（14）动词词义辨析。

inscribe “雕刻”；decorate “装饰”；maintain “保持”；claim “声称”。

句意：我在这里号召大家注意听众席、教室和研讨室的禁烟标识。

选项C符合题意。

（15）短语搭配。

文章意思为将不吸烟的人的健康和幸福放在心上。

“have...in mind”符合文意。

选项C符合题意。

5.
单选题
New technology is making the traditional farming machinery and methods （）.
问题1选项
A.efficient
B.emergent
C.obsolete
D.nostalgic
【答案】C
【解析】形容词词义辨析。

efficient “有效率的”；emergent “紧急的”；obsolete “过时的”；nostalgic “怀旧的”。

句意：新的科技使传统的农业机械和方法渐渐过时了。

选项C符合题意。

6.
单选题
问题1选项
A.response
B.answer
C.correspondence
D.echo
【答案】A
【解析】名词词义辨析。

response“反响，反应”；answer“回答，答案”；correspondence“通信，一致”；echo“回音”。

句意：他刊登在报纸上的广告受到了很好的反响，她受到了一百多封申请信。

选项A符合题意。

7.
单选题
The police accused him of setting fire to the building but he denied（） in the area on the night of the fire.
问题1选项
A.to be
B.to have been
C.having been
D.be
【答案】C
【解析】固定搭配。

Deny doing sth. “否认做过某事”。

句意：警察指控他在大厦纵火，但是他否认他在场当火灾发生时。

选项C符合题意。

8.
单选题
Historians have long known that there were two sides to the Populist movement of the 1890s: a progressive side, embodying the protests of formers against big business, and a darker side, marked by a distrust of Easterners, immigrants, and intellectuals. In the 1950s, one school of U. S. social thinkers constructed a parallel between this dark side of Populism and the contemporary anti-Communist crusade spearheaded by Wisconsin Senator Joseph McCarthy, which attacked liberalism, Eastern intellectuals, and civil liberties in general. To Seymour Martin Lipset, McCarthyism represented “the sour dregs of Populism”; to Edward Shils, McCarthyism, like Populism, exemplified “the ambi guous American impulse toward 4 direct democracy.
Nothing that McCarthyism and Populism had both found their strongest support in the agrarian Midwest,
Lipset argued that voters who backed agrarian protest movements during earlier economic crises had supported McCarthy in the post-World II period of prosperity. In the eyes of writers like Lipset, the appeal of McCarthyism extended beyond the agrarian base of Populism to include urban groups such as industrial workers. Lipset claimed that “the lower classes, especially the workers” had backed McCarthy. In a more sweeping fashion, Lewis Feuer claimed that “it was the American lower class...who gave their overwhelming support to the attacks in recent years in civil liberties.”
Writing a few years later, political scientist Michael Paul Rogin challenged these superficially plausible notions, contending that they merely embodied the writers, own assumptions about the supposed intolerance of lower class groups, rather than a valid interpretation of McCarthyism. Rogin critically examined their assertions by the simple method of testing them against the evidence. He tested Lipset’s claims about the continuity of McCarthyism and earlier agrarian protest movements by breaking down statewide voting statistics on a county-by-county basis. He found that Wisconsin counties that had voted strongly for Progressives before World War II did not support McCarthy ; McCarthy’s support was concentrated in his home region and in ethnic German areas that had been traditionally conserv ative. The old Progressive vote had in fact gone to McCarthy’s opponents, the Democrats.
To test Lipset’s generalizations about McCarthy’s support among class groups, Rogin attempted to determine whether industrial workers had, in fact, backed McCarthy. Correlating income and employment statistics with voting records, Rogin found that the greater the employment in industry in a given Wisconsin county, the lower was McCarthy’s share of the vote. Rogin concluded that the thesis of “McCarthyism as Populism” should be judged “not as the product of science but as a...venture into conservative political theory. ’’
1.The author would probably assert the Populism and McCarthyism（） .
2.It can be inferred that Rogin’ s most serious criticism of Lipset, Feuer, and Shils’ s methodology would probably be that they （） .
3.According to the passage, Rogin concluded that the writings of Lipset, Shils and Feuer （）.
4.The author is primarily concerned with （）.
问题1选项
A.were completely opposite in character
B.were responses to, respectively, agrarian and industrial conditions
C.were essentially dissimilar movements that shared some common features
D.each had both a progressive and a darker side
问题2选项
A.reached in correct conclusions about McCarthy
B.failed to examine the evidence that could support or weaken their conclusions
C.equated support for McCarthyism with anti-intellectualism
D.placed too much emphasis on the dual character of Populism
问题3选项
A.intentionally distorted historical evidence
B.were flawed by political presuppositions
C.lent support to attack on civil liberties
D.were marked by anti -intellectual bias
问题4选项
A.discoveries describing an instance of flawed historical analysis
B.advocating the use of statistical methods in historical research
C.examining the similarities between two political movements
D.explaining why historical conclusions should be revised according to later revelations
【答案】第1题:C
第2题:B
第3题:B
第4题:D
【解析】1.细节理解题。

根据文章第一段的内容，二十世纪五十年代，美国社会思想家将民粹主义的阴暗面和反共产主义运动进行相提并论和比较，说明是有共同之处的，选项C符合题意。

2.细节理解题。

根据文章第三段，罗金对李普塞特、福伊尔和希尔斯的方法论进行了验证，最严厉的批评是，二者都没有对自己的观点给出证据。

选项B符合题意。

3.细节理解题。

根据文章最后一段，罗金的总结是，麦卡锡主义不应该被判定为科学的产物，而是一种保守政治理论。

选项B符合题意。

4.主旨题。

作者首先提出了麦卡锡主义和民粹主义理论，接着提出罗金对他们方法论做出了验证，最后表明将麦卡锡主义比作民粹主义的理论不应被判定为科学的产物，而是一种政治领域的探索。

选项D符合题意。

9.
单选题
Hunting is thought to be（） for the extinction of some wildlife.
问题1选项
A.responsible
B.blamed
C.charged
D.denounced
【答案】A
【解析】形容词词义辨析。

responsible “负责任的”，词组be responsible for “承担……责任”，to be blame for “应受责备”，be charged with “”被控告”，denounce “公然抨击”，句意：野生动物灭绝的原因应该归咎于狩猎。

选项A符合题意。

10.
单选题
In spite of the（）economic forecasts, manufacturing output has risen slightly.
问题1选项
A.gloomy
B.miserable
C.shadowy
D.obscure
【答案】A
【解析】考查近义词辨析。

gloomy “惨淡”miserable “悲惨的，痛苦的”；shadowy “模糊的”；obscure “晦涩的，不清楚的”。

in spite of表示转折，句子意思为：尽管经济前景不景气，但是制造业的产量略有上涨。

选项A符题意。

11.
翻译题
Certainly people do not seem less interested in success and what it can do for us now than formerly. Summer homes，European vacations, travel, BMW' s—such items do not seem less in demand than they did a decade or two years ago. What has happened is that people cannot admit their dreams as easily and openly as they once could, lest they be thought of as pushing, acquisitive, and vulgar. For such people and many more perhaps not so outstanding, the proper action seems to be, “Succeed at all costs but refrain from appearing ambitious.”The attacks on ambition are many and come from various angles, while its public defenders are few and ineffective. As a result, the support for ambition as a healthy impulse, a quality to be admired and cultivated in the young, is probably lower than it has ever been in the United States. This does not mean that ambition is at an end, that people no longer feel its urges, but only that since it is no longer openly honored, it is therefore less often openly professed. Consequences follow from this, of course, some of which are that ambition is driven underground or made devious. 【答案】当然，相比于从前，人们对于成功以及成功给我们带来的东西兴趣似乎不会减少。

人们对避暑别墅、欧洲旅行、旅游、宝马这类事物的需求相比一二十年前似乎也没有减少。

情况是人们现在不敢简单公开地像以前那样承认自己的梦想，怕被认为是急功近利、贪得无厌和庸俗的人。

对于这样的人，或许还有很多不那么优秀的人，正确的做法是：不惜一切代价取得成功，但是要避免变得野心勃勃。

人们从各个角度对野心有很多批评，但是公开批评者很少，并且显得很无力。

因此，在美国，将雄心看作是一种健康的动力，一种可敬的从年轻就开始培养了的品质，这很少有人支持。

这并不意味着雄心已经没有了，也不意味着人们不再感受到雄心带来的驱动力，相反地，因为不再公开推崇，那么也不会公开宣扬了。

这样做带来的结果是，雄心以一种私下看不见的方式驱动着人们。

12.
单选题
The music aroused an（） feeling of homesickness in him.
问题1选项
A.intentional
B.intermittent
C.intense
D.intrinsic
【答案】C
【解析】考查形近异义词义辨析。

intentional “故意的”；in termittent“间歇的，断断续续的”；intense “强烈的”；intrinsic “本质的，固有的”。

句意：这首音乐使他产生了强烈的思乡情怀。

选项C符合题意。

13.
单选题
If you （） the principle of democratic government to your family you will run into some obvious difficulties.
问题1选项
A.carry
B.track
C.manipulate
D.adapt
【答案】D
【解析】动词词义辨析。

Carry“拿，搬运”；track“跟踪，追踪”；manipulate“操纵，控制”；adapt“使适应”。

句意：如果你使民主政府的原则适用于家庭中，那你会遇到各种明显的困难。

选项D符合题意。

14.
单选题
Without exposure to the cultural, intellectual, and moral traditions that are our heritage, we are excluded from a common world that （1 ） generations. On the one hand, such exclusion tends to（2 ）us to recreate everything, a needless and largely impossible task; On the other hand, it tends to make us（3）, to suggest that we are indeed the creators of the world and of all good ideas （4） in fact we are only a fragment of the history of man. （5）entirely to ourselves, we could make only the slimmest contributions to wisdom.
While the humanities overlap the fine and liberal arts, they are also related of necessity to the sciences and to technology. Some of the （6）of the humanities raise questions about what ends are worthy to be（7）, what ideals deserve （8）But since it is futile to know what is worth doing without having any idea of how to get things done, effective study in the humanities requires respect for and attainment of factual knowledge and technological skill. （9）, it is pointless to know how to get things done without having any idea what is worth doing, so that informed study in applied science demands （10） in the humanities.
问题1选项
A.crossed
B.passes down
C.survives
D.exists 问题2选项
A.warn
B.facilitate
pel
D.encourage
问题3选项
A.arrogant
B.exhausted
C.productive
D.reliable
问题4选项
A.since
B.when
C.whereas
D.which
问题5选项
A.Provided
B.Left
C.Reserved
D.Kept
问题6选项
A.arenas
munities
C.subjects
D.disciplines
问题7选项
A.followed
B.investigated
C.served
D.abandoned
问题8选项
A.identification
B.maintenance
C.reverence
D.endeavor
问题9选项
A.Similarly
B.Contrarily
C.Virtually
D.Literally
问题10选项
A.concentration
B.presupposition
C.revelation
D.reflection
【答案】第1题:B
第2题:C
第3题:A
第4题:C
第5题:D
第6题:B
第7题:A
第8题:C
第9题:B
第10题:A
【解析】（1）词义辨析。

cross “穿过，交叉”；pass down “使流传”；survive “生存，幸存”；exist “存在”。

根据文意，如果我们不接触到流传的文化和传统，我们将会排除在流传给下一代的大同世界之外。

选项B符合题意。

（2）动词词义辨析。

warm “警告”；facilitate “促进，帮助”；compel “强迫，迫使”；encourage “鼓励”。

根据文意，这种排斥倾向于促使我们重塑所有，这是一项不必要并且不可能完成的任务。

选项C符合题意。

（3）形容词词义辨析。

根据文意，另一方面会使我们感到自大，认为我们是世界的创造者，选项A符合题意。

（4）逻辑推理。

前一句说道我们是世界和优秀思想的创造者，后一句提到我们实际上只是历史中的一个小碎片。

前后形成了对比和转折。

选项C符合题意。

（5）动词词义辨析。

p rovide “提供，装备”；leave “留下”；reserve “保存”；keep “保留”。

句意：如果完全只有我们自己的话，那我们对智慧的贡献是相当微薄的。

所以用keep sth. to oneself 的结构，选项D符合题意。

（6）名词词义辨析。

arena “舞台，竞技场”；community“社区，共同体”；subject“主题，学科”；discipline“纪律”。

句意：人文科学的一些社区团体提出了一些问题。

选项B符合题意。

（7）动词词义辨析。

Followed“追逐，追求”；investig ate“调查”；serve“招待”；abandon“丢弃，
抛弃”。

根据文意，这些社团提出的问题是，哪些目标是值得追随的。

选项A符合题意。

（8）名词词义辨析。

identification“鉴定，识别”；maintenance“维持，维护”；reverence“崇敬，尊严”；endeavor“努力”。

根据文意，问题是什么样的理想值得人们去尊重。

选项C符合题意。

（9）逻辑推理。

考查对上下文相关语句关系的把握，区分表示联系的副词。

similarly“相似地”；contrarily“反之”；virtually“实际上”；literally “照字面地，不夸张地”。

根据文意，确实地。

前一句提到只知道什么事情是值得做的，但是不知道具体方法是无用的，空格后一句提到只知道如何把事情做好，而不知道什么事情是值得做的也是没意义的。

所以前后两句是相反的。

选项B符合题意。

（10）名词词义辨析。

concentration“专心，专注”；presupposition“假定，预设”；revelation“揭露”；reflection“反映，沉思”。

句意：在对应用科学进行研究时，也需要对人文科学投以关注。

选项A符合题意。

15.
单选题
My eldest sister went on with the story and young children around her（）with wonderful!” from time to time.
问题1选项
A.broke out
B.broke off
C.broke in
D.broke up
【答案】C
【解析】动词词组辨析。

break out “爆发，突发”；break off “折断，突然停止”；break in “打断，闯入”；break up “打碎，结束”，句意：我的姐姐继续讲故事，围在她身边的小孩子时不时地打断欢呼“太棒了！”。

选项C符合题意。