高考英语高频词汇教学内容
高考高频词汇英语3500词
高考高频词汇英语3500词摘要：I.引言- 介绍高考高频词汇的重要性- 说明本篇文章的主题和目的II.高考高频词汇英语3500 词概述- 介绍3500 词的来源和构成- 分析3500 词在高考中的地位和作用III.高考高频词汇英语3500 词的学习方法- 推荐有效的学习策略和技巧- 分享如何提高词汇记忆和应用能力IV.高考高频词汇英语3500 词的应用- 举例说明3500 词在高考题型中的应用- 强调掌握高频词汇对于提高高考成绩的重要性V.结论- 总结文章重点内容- 鼓励学生积极学习和掌握高考高频词汇正文：【引言】在我国，高考是每个学生人生中的一个重要转折点。
英语作为高考科目之一，其重要性不言而喻。
而对于英语高考来说，掌握高频词汇是提高成绩的关键。
本文将围绕高考高频词汇英语3500 词进行详细介绍，旨在帮助学生更好地学习和掌握这些词汇，从而提高高考英语成绩。
【高考高频词汇英语3500 词概述】高考高频词汇英语3500 词，是指在我国高考英语试卷中出现频率较高的3500 个单词。
这些词汇覆盖了英语语法、词汇、阅读、写作等各个方面，是高考英语考试的基本要求。
对于大多数学生来说，掌握这3500 个词汇，意味着英语水平已经达到了一个较高的层次。
【高考高频词汇英语3500 词的学习方法】要想成功掌握这3500 个高频词汇，并非一蹴而就的事情。
需要学生付出时间和精力，运用合适的学习方法和策略。
首先，推荐使用词根词缀法、联想记忆法等技巧来记忆单词，提高词汇记忆效果。
其次，通过大量阅读和写作练习，将所学词汇应用到实际语境中，提高词汇应用能力。
【高考高频词汇英语3500 词的应用】在高考英语试卷中，高频词汇3500 词有着广泛的应用。
例如，完形填空、阅读理解、短文改错等题型中，都涉及到这些词汇。
掌握这些词汇，不仅可以帮助学生顺利解答题目，还能提高整体英语水平。
因此，学生在备考过程中，要重视高频词汇的学习和掌握。
【结论】总之，高考高频词汇英语3500 词是提高高考英语成绩的关键。
高三英语一轮复习3500高频词汇讲解19+讲义
高考3500高频词汇讲解191. remind v.一、变形：reminds, reminded, reminded, reminding二、词义：1)使记起; 使想起~ sb (about/of sth)e.g. So she simply welcomed Tim and reminded him of the last time they hadmet.因此她只是欢迎了蒂姆，让他想起他们上次的相遇。
2)提醒remind sb. to do sth.e.g. Can you remind me to buy a bottle of wine?你能提醒我买一瓶葡萄酒吗？三、派生词adj. remindful 提醒的；留意的n. reminder 暗示；提醒的人/物；催单2. reduce v.一、变形：reduces, reduced, reduced, reducing二、词义：1)减少，缩小（尺寸、数量、价格等）e.g. Costs have been reduced by 20% over the past year.过去一年，成本支出已经减少了20%。
2)使变稠; 收汁e.g. Boil the liquid in a small saucepan to reduce it by half.在小炖锅中煮沸汤汁使其收到一半的量。
3)使陷入be reduced toe.g. They were reduced to extreme poverty.他们沦落到极度贫困的地步。
三、派生词adj.reduced 减少的；[数] 简化的；缩减的reductive 还原的；减少的reducible [数] 可约的，可化简的；可还原的；可缩小的n.reduction 减少；下降；缩小reducer [助剂] 还原剂；减径管3. fasten v.一、变形：fastens, fastened, fastened, fastening二、词义：1)扣紧; 系牢e.g. She got quickly into her Mini and fastened the seat-belt.她迅速钻进她的迷你车并系好安全带。
高考英语二轮语法高频语法词汇详解
语鹅市安置阳光实验学校高考英语二轮专题语法高频语法词汇详解【1】 that１.引导名词性从句，只起连接作用，无具体意义。
A story goes that Elizabeth I of England liked nothing more than being surrounded by clever and qualified noblemen at court. (上海2004NMET)2.关系代词，用于限制性定语从句。
如：Is this the reason that he explained at the meeting for his carelessness in his work? (上海春2002NMET)3.程度副词，等于so.如：Sometimes it was a bit boring to work there because there wasn’t always that much to do. （广东2004NMET）4.用于强调句型中，起连接作用。
如：Why! I have nothing to confess. What is it that you want me to say? (上海2004NMET)5.替代词，既可替代可数名词，表特指；又可替代不可数名词，后接of。
如：I’m moving to countryside because the air there is much fresher than that in the city. (江苏2005NMET)【２】what1.引导名词性从句，担任句子成分。
如：A modern city has been set up in what was a wasteland ten years ago. (天津2004NMET)2.疑问代词，指不定范围的“什么”。
如：What do you think I should do to make up for the lost time?3.whatever引导名词性从句和让步状语从句。
高考英语复习熟记高频词汇课件
—— 熟记高频词汇
• broadcast v.广播;传播 • direct v.指示 • vow v.发誓 • case n.理由；论据 • explain v.解释 • repeat v.重复 • chat v.聊天
• 练习一： • A police officer was ___d_ir_e_c_ti_n_g_ the traffic. • The article advances a new theory to ____e_x_p_la_in_ changes in the cl
• ban n.禁令 v.禁止 • assign v.指派;委派 • instruction n.指示;命令 • request v.要求;请求 • command v.命令 • instruct v.命令 • permission n.许可;批准
require v.要求 insist on 坚决要求
• 练习六： • The teacher __a_s_s_ig_n_e_d__ each of the children a different task. • You must obey the captain’s __c_o_m__m_a_n_d_s__. • All our staff have been ___in_s_t_ru_c_t_e_d__ in sign language. • We _i_n_s_is_t_o_n___ the highest standards at all times.
谢谢观看！
emotions. • If you eat fast food once a week or more, you may • _b_e_a_d_d_i_ct_e_d_t_o____ it. • My car have __b_r_e_a_k_d_o_w_n___ .
高三英语一轮复习3500高频词汇讲解12+讲义
高考3500高频词汇讲解12 Avoid一，变形：avoids; avoiding; avoided;二，词义；vt. 避免(avoid doing sth)，消除e.g. The accident could have been avoided.e.g. The manager avoids humiliating others during cooperation.三，近义：1）evade vt. 逃避，躲避Fold一，变形：folds; folding; folded;二，词义；vt. 折叠，合拢e.g. He folded the map up and put it in his pocket..三，反义：unfold，unfold the veilManage一，变形：manages; managing; managed;二，词义；vt./vi 经营，管理，成功做成……1）经营vt.e.g. to manage a factory.e.g. We need people who are good at managing.2）管理vt.e.g. Don't tell me how to manage my affairs.3）成功做成……vt. ~ to do sth.e.g. I can manage to make it without their help.三，近义：1）administer，vt. 管理，治理；2）handle，vt. 处理；3）deal with，phr. 处理，对付；四，派生：management n. 管理Vary一，变形：varies; varying; varied;二，词义；vi. 改变；使多样化e.g. The menu varies with the season.三，近义：1）change，vt./vi. 改变，变更；2）convert，vt./vi. 转变，转化；(into)3）alter，vi. 轻微改变；(to)Part一，变形：parts（复数）;parts（三单）；parting；parted 二，词义；n. 部分e.g. We spent part of the time in the museum.vt./vi. 分开；分离e.g. I hate being parted from the children.三，近义：1）portion，n. 一部分；2）section，n. 部分；3）separate，vt. 分开；隔开(from)4）divide，vt. 隔开；分离(into)四，派生：partial，adj. 部分的Educate一，变形：educates；educating；educated二，词义；vt. 教育；培养；训练1）教育e.g. She was educated in the US.2）培养；训练e.g. Children need to be educated on the dangers of drug-taking. 三，近义：1）teach，vt. 教，讲授；2）train，vt. 培训，训练；四，派生：1）education，n. 教育2）educator，n. 教育者divide一，变形：divides; dividing; divided;二，词义；vt./vi. 分；划分；分开e.g. The cells began to divide rapidly.e.g. A sentence can be divided up into meaningful segments.e.g. The cakes are divided into two parts.三，近义：1）separate，v. 分开，隔开；(from)2）part，v. 分开；分离四，派生：Risk一，变形：ricks（复数）; ricks（三单）；ricking；ricked二，词义；n. 冒险e.g. Smoking can increase the risk of developing heart disease.vt. 冒……的危险~ doing sthe.g. She risked her own life to help a disabled woman.e.g. The ambitious boy risk establishing a company without others’ help.三，近义：1）venture，v. 冒风险；2）chance，v. 冒……的险；Prevent一，变形：prevents；preventing；prevented二，词义；vt. 防止；妨碍~ sb/sth (from doing sth)e.g. Nothing would prevent him from speaking out against injustice.三，近义：1）stop，v. 阻止；四，派生：prevention n. 阻止：Disable一，变形：disables；disabling；disabled二，词义；vt. 使……丧失能力e.g. He was disabled in a car accident.e.g. The disabled are financially independent with the government’s help.三，派生：disability 缺陷，障碍Seek一，变形：seeks; seeking; sought;二，词义；vt./vi. 寻找；探索e.g. They sought in vain for somewhere to shelter.三，近义：1）search，v. 搜寻；2）hunt，v. 寻找，搜寻；Misunderstand一，变形：misunderstands；misunderstanding；misunderstood二，词义；vt./vi. 误解；误会e.g. I completely misunderstood her intentions.Observe一，变形：observes; observing；observed二，词义；v. 观察；遵守；庆祝；说、评论1）观察e.g. Have you observed any changes lately?2）遵守e.g. The crowd observed a minute's silence.3）庆祝e.g. Do they observe Christmas?4）说、评论e.g. She observed that it was getting late.三，近义：1）look，v. 看；2）see，v. 看见；看到3）watch，v. 注视；观看4）obey，v. 遵从；服从5）follow，v. 听从；遵循Match一，变形：matches（复数）; matches（三单）；matching；matched二，词义；n. 比赛，火柴1）比赛e.g. a football match2）火柴e.g. a box of matchesv. 和……相称；和……相配e.g. Her fingerprints match those found at the scene of the crime.三，近义：1）competition，n. 比赛；竞赛2）game，n. 比赛；Predict一，变形：predicts；predicting；predicted二，词义；vt. 预言；预测e.g. It is impossible to predict what will happen.三，近义：1）foretell，v. 预言（尤指用魔力预测）Fire一，变形：fires; firing; fired;二，词义；v. 开除；开枪1）开除vt.e.g. She got fired from her first job.2）开枪vt./ vi.e.g. The officer ordered his men to fire.四，派生：fire，火，火灾，fireman 消防员，Face一，变形：faces; facing; faced;二，词义；v. 面对；面临1）面对vt./ vi.e.g. She turned and faced him.2）面临vt.e.g. She's faced with a difficult decision.三，近义：confront..with四，拓展：face up to勇敢面对：Injure一，变形：injures; injuring; injured;二，词义；vt. 损害；伤害e.g. Three people were killed and five injured in the crash.三，近义：1）hurt，v. 弄伤；伤害；2）wound，v. 使受害；四，派生：injury, n.Occur一，变形：occurs; occurring; occurred;二，词义；vi. 发生；出现e.g.When exactly did the incident occur?三，近义：1）happen，v. 发生；2）take place，phr. v. 发生，举行；Exist一，变形：exists; existing; existed;二，词义；vi. 存在；生存1）生存(on sth)e.g.We existed on a diet of rice.2）存在e.g.The problem only exists in your head, Jane.四，派生：existence n. 存在。
高考英语高频词汇全集ppt课件
违(守)法 制定一条法律 摆设餐具(准备吃饭) 过着简朴的生活 忽略，遗漏 听关于……的讲座 给某人一个教训 从……中吸取教训
.
take / have some medicine meet the needs of meet with a storm go to a meeting
吃药 满足……的需要
洗衣机 欣喜若狂 赚钱 交朋友 取得进步 利用 编造故事
have good manners a trade mark full marks
有礼貌 商标 满分
.
let out a cry of surprise 惊讶地叫了一声
come back to life
复活，苏醒过来
traffic lights
交通信号灯
make a shopping list 列一张购物清单
make a living
谋生，度日
lose one's life
丧生，死；牺牲
lose heart
泄气；灰心
lose one's voice
失音
lose a game
输一场
Wish you good luck. 祝你好运。
.
receive an invitation
春节
have a high fever
发高烧
the field of science
科学领域
in one's fifties
五十多岁时
a key figure
关键人物
fill in the form
填写表格
in a flash
刹那间
a big / great flood
一场大洪水
高考英语复习3500高频词汇讲解4讲义
高考3500高频词汇讲解41、anxiety n.一、变形：复数：anxieties二、词义：焦虑，忧虑；切望，渴望；令人焦虑的事；挂念He has exhibited symptoms of anxiety and overwhelming worry.他表现出焦躁不安和过度忧虑的症状。
Many editorials express their anxieties about the economic chaos in the country.许多社论对该国经济的混乱状况表示忧虑。
三、派生词anxious adj. 焦虑的；担忧的；渴望的；急切的[比较级more anxious 最高级most anxious ]词组：1、anxious about 为……担心；对……着急So I’m not feeling anxious about anything I “have to” do.所以我不对任何“不得不”去做的事情感到焦虑。
2、anxious for 为…而焦虑Do not be anxious for things and not harm you have to know that you have now is you have an urgent want.不要为渴望得到没有东西而伤害你所拥有的，要知道你现在拥有的正是你曾迫切想得到的。
四、同义词辨析anxiety, worry 这些名词均含"焦虑，关心"之意。
anxiety : 指对预料中的不祥之事的焦虑。
worry : 侧重对未知事态演变的忧虑。
2、anniversary n./adj.一、词义：1. n. 复数：anniversaries 周年纪念日Next year will be the 60th(序数词) anniversary of the repeal of Prohibition.明年将是禁酒令废除60周年。
(完整版)高考英语核心词汇详解讲义.doc
高考核心 ----精（高考力站）1. abandon vt.= give up = throw1.离开，弃2.放弃，停止做（某事）3.放，放任派生 abandoned a.-ed 尾： / 形容I abandon myself in wasting time.我我自己放于浪。
2. abolish vt. 除，止（ + certain system 某些系 / certain practice 某些行）PK cancel vt. 取消abuse 用abnormal 不正常的ab-开表示否定absorb vt. “吮”吸收（某事物），吸将（某物）合并，并吞完全吸引住（某人）的注意力或趣派生 be absorbed in sth. 沉浸于 sth.I am absorbed in the party, so I forget anything.accommodate vt.来自 commodity n. 日用品-ity -ment -hood -ness –on 名 mode模式 model 模型 module 模-mod-子= put up sb.1.供某人住宿或房2.适，迁就，迎合派生 accommodation n. 旅5. accompany vt.company n. 公司；朋友 =friend I accompany him.I keep company with him我伴随着他。
1.伴随或跟随（某人），陪伴2.与某事物同存在或生派生accompany A by/ with B 用 B来伴随 AI accompany him with swim. （）I accompany him with swimming.我他天天游泳。
3.某人伴奏派生 accompany sb. at / on sth.sth. sb.伴奏I accompany him at the party.6. accuse vt. 指某人有；犯罪或犯法；指控；控告；派生 accuse sb.of sth. 因 sth.sb.7. accustom vt. 使⋯⋯于 customn. 俗派生 accustom A to B 使 A BI accustom myself to wearing glasses . 我已戴眼了。
高三英语一轮复习3500高频词汇讲解15讲义
高考3500高频词汇讲解151. eager adj.一、变形：二、词义：1)渴望的eager fore.g. When my own son was five years old, I became eager for another baby.当我儿子５岁的时候，我开始渴望要另一个宝宝。
2)热切的He sneered at the crowd of eager faces around him.他对周围满脸热切的人们报以冷笑。
三、派生词adv. eagerly 急切地；渴望地；热心地n. eagerness 渴望；热心2. recent adj.一、变形：二、词义：1)最近的e.g. In the most recent attack, one man was shot dead and two others werewounded.在最近的这次袭击中有1人被打死，另2人受伤。
三、常用词组1)in recent years 最近几年e.g. Yet even as we have maintained our advantage, our competitiveness has been set back in recent years.然而，虽然我们保持了我们的优势，我们的竞争力在最近几年还是有所倒退。
2)recent situation 近况e.g. I am eager to know your recent situation.我渴望知道你最近的情况。
四、派生词adv. recently 最近；新近n. recentness 最近3. outstanding adj.一、变形：二、词义：1)杰出的e.g. Sunyang is an outstanding athlete and deserved to win.孙杨是位杰出的运动员，他理应获胜。
2)尚未解决的e.g. We still have some outstanding issues to resolve before we'll have a treaty thatis ready to sign.我们在签署这份条约之前还有一些悬而未决的问题要解决。
2024最新版英语3500高频词汇讲解(讲义6)
高考3500高频词汇讲解61、current adj./n.一、变形：复数：currents二、词义：1）N-COUNT (河、湖或海的)水流，潮流Under normal conditions, the ocean currents of the tropical Pacific travel from east to west.在正常情况下，太平洋的热带洋流自东向西流。
2）ADJ 现时的;当前的;进行中的The current situation is very different to that in 1990.当前的形势与1990年截然不同。
三、派生词currently 当前；一般地The nature of the medicine is currently a trade secret.这一药物的性质目前是个商业机密。
2、modern adj./n.adj. 比较级：more modern 最高级：most modern1)现代的；当代的；近代的Stress is a major problem of modern life.压力是现代生活中的主要问题。
2) (艺术、音乐、时装等的风格) 新式的；有别于传统的modern art/architecture/drama现代艺术/ 建筑/ 戏剧n. 复数：moderns 现代人；有思想的人We are moderns. 我们都是现代人。
派生词：modernized 使……现代化They have failed to modernize their factories.他们没能使他们的工厂现代化。
3、convenientadj. 1)方便的;便利的The family thought it was more convenient to eat in the kitchen.这家人认为在厨房吃饭更方便。
2)(时间)方便的，合适的，合宜的Would this evening be convenient for you? ~ (for sb/sth) 对……很方便今天晚上你方便吗？派生词：convenienceat sb's convenience 在方便时；在适宜的地点Can you telephone me at your convenience to arrange a meeting?你能不能在你方便时给我来个电话，安排见一次面？4、responsible adj. 比较级：more responsible 最高级：most responsible1) 职责be ~ (for sb/sth) | ~ (for doing sth) 有责任做……；负责……；Mike is responsible for designing the entire project.迈克负责设计全部工程。
高三英语一轮复习3500高频词汇讲解8讲义
高考3500高频词汇讲解81、method一、变形：methods（复数）二、词义：noun1)方法；办法~ of sth./of doing sth. ……的办法~ for sth./for doing sth. ……的办法eg: teaching method 教学方法；教学法eg: cost method 成本eg: They are using a reliable method of data analysis to reduce air pollution.他们正在使用可靠的数据分析方法减少空气污染。
2)条理3)类函数adj. 使用体验派表演方法的三、近义词：approach: 指待人接物或思考问题的方式、方法、态度，常用approach to sthway: way的使用范围很广，但较多地用在具体的事情上或口语中。
常用way of doing / way to domeans: 指实现目的的任何手段，或使用某种交通工具的方式。
by means ofmanner: 指特殊的或怪异的方式、方法，与动作有关。
method: 指有条理的，系统的办法，特别指新的办法。
四、派生词：methodical 有条不紊的Methodist 循道宗信徒（18世纪从英国国教分离出来的基督教新教教徒）Methodology （从事某一活动的）方法；原则2、shortage noun一、变形：shortages （复数）二、词义：【C/U】n.1）不足；缺少；短缺food ~ 食物短缺eg: The shortage of oil will probably drive prices up.2）缺点3、root一、变形：复数roots；过去式rooted；过去分词rooted；现在分词roots二、词义：noun1）【C】根；根茎eg：put down roots 生根；定居eg: Her ankle caught on a root, and she almost lost her balance.她的脚踝被树根绊了一下，差点摔倒。
2024届高考英语一轮复习：高考高频熟词僻义课件
1.interest n.兴趣 eg：By that time I had lost interest in the idea. 那时我已经对此想法失去兴趣了。
2.interest n.利息;好处;利益 eg：Each company is fighting to protect its own commercial interests. 每家公司都在奋力保护自己的商业利益。
2.modest adj.(数量、体积等) 不太大的，适度的 eg：The research was carried out on a modest scale. 这个研究项目开展的规模不算太大。
1.model n.模型 eg：This model was two years in the making. 这种型号是用两年时间制成的。
2.move n.措施;行动 eg：The management have made no move to settle the strike. 资方没有采取任何措施来解决罢工问题。
1.monumental adj.丰碑式的;意义深远的 eg ： Gibbon's monumental work ‘The Rise and Fall of the Roman Empire’吉本的不朽著作《罗马帝国衰亡史》
2.mean adj.自私的，吝啬的，平均的 n.平均值 eg：She has a mean side to her. 她性格中有吝啬的一面。
1.modest adj.谦虚 eg：He was typically modest about his achievements. 他一如既往，对自己的成就很谦虚。
2.league n.级别，水平 eg：They're in a different league from us. 他们与我们不属同一个级别。
高考3500词高频词汇详细讲解
高考3500词A （106）1. abandon v.放弃，遗弃，抛弃abandon the baby/ child/ friend abandon the plan/ idea/ effort/ hope abandon oneself to 陷入，沉湎于He abandoned himself to despair （绝望）.2. ability n.能力；才能the ability to walk 行走的能力to the best of one,s ability 竭尽全力He completed the job to the best of his ability.3.abnormal adj.不正常的，畸形的，反常的They thought his behavior was abnormal. 反义词：normal4.aboard prep. adv.在船（飞机，火车）上，上船（飞机，轮船）all the people aboard 机上的人5.about prep关于，ad大约，到处a）....................................................................... be about to dosth...（when）正要做某事，这时..............I was about to go out when it began to rain.b）look about/around/roundc）How/What about...询问情况或建议6.. above prep在…上面above all首先;尤其7.abroad ad,到（在）国外a）go /study /live abroadb）at home and abroad 在国内夕卜8.absence n.不在，缺席absence from work/ schoolThe decision was made in my absence.in the absence of在缺少 .. 条件下The case was dismissed in the absence of proof.9.absent adj.缺席的，不在的be absent from 缺席..absent-minded adj.心不在焉的10.absorb vt. 1）吸收，吸进（液体，气体等）2）理解，掌握absorb ink/ water/ neat/ light/ oxygen/ sound/ energyabsorb information/ knowledgebe absorbed in专注于，聚精会神丁.. / 嗜毒abuse power/ position/ privilege 滥用权力/职权/特权12.accept vt.接受，承认accept the gift/invitation/planaccept sb/sth as…13.access n.方法，通路，机会The only access to the farm was a narrow bridge. Only high officials have access to the emperor. We students have access to the school library. accessible adj. 可进入的，可接近的, 可使用的Such information is not easily accessible to the public.14.accident n.事故，意外的事by accident/chance偶然，无意中;不小心15.accompany v.陪伴，伴随，伴奏accompany sb. to the school/supermarketaccompany the singer on/at the pianoLightening （闪电）usually accompanies thunder.16.accomplish v.完成，到达，实现accomplishment n. 成就，成绩accomplish the task/purpose/goaluuuuuuuuuuu17.according to 根据According to the law, he should be sentenced to death.18.accuse vt.指控，指责accuse sb of （doing ） sth 控告19.accustomed adj.习惯的，适应的，惯常的be/get/become accustomed to doingHe was soon accustomed to getting up early.20.ache viJn 疼痛headache / toothacheMy back aches so much.21.achieve vt 达到;取得achieve success/victory/one,s goal22.achievement n.成就，业绩;完成（任务等）make great achievements23.acknowledge v.承认，致谢It is generally acknowledged that global warming is caused by greenhouse gases（温室气体）. Yaoming is acknowledged as/to be the best player in China.I acknowledged financial （财政的）support from the local government.24.across prep./adv.穿过，横穿cross v.穿过，横穿cross a streetcome/run across 偶然碰到25.act n.法令，条例vt.表演，扮演，行动，做事act as充当;扮演act out把.. 表演出来26.action n.行动take action to do sthput sth into action把…付诸实施27.active adj.积极的;主动的take an active part in/be active in 积极参力口28.activity n.活动outdoor activities 户夕卜运动29.actual a.实际的actually adv.in （actual） fact 实际上30.adapt vi.适应，适合，改编vt.使适应adapt to change/the city lifeadapt oneself to the new surroundingsadapt the novel for a film31.add vt添加，增加，补充说（that）add（...）to 添加add up把…加在一起add up to总计为；总数为a）His illness added to our trouble.b）He added that he would come again.c）Please add these figures （数字）up.d）These numbers add up to 100.e）He added some salt to the water.32.address n,地址vt.写地址;向……讲话（尤指演讲）address the letter to sb.给某人寄信The letter was wrongly addressed. The president addressed the public.33.adjust vt.调整，调节，适应adjust your speed/the volume （音量）/the cameraadjust to the dark/the single lifeadjust yourself to the student lifeadjustment n.调整，调节34.admire v钦佩・;羡慕admire sb for sthI admire John for his courage.35.admit vt （admitted ,admitted）1）承认admit one,s mistakesadmit doing/having doneHe admitted having stolen the money.2）准许（入场，入学，入会）admit sb to/into—sb be admitted to He has been admitted to Beijing University.36.adopt v.收养，采用，采纳adopt a childthe adopted son/daughter adopt a new policy/a suggestion/a plan/an attitude37.advance vi.推进，促进;前进advanced adj. 先进的/ 高级的in advance 预先，事先an advanced worker38.advantage n.优点，好处（可数名词）反：disadvantagetake advantage of 利用have an advantage over 优于..to sb,s advantage 对（某人）有利39.advertise vt.为...做广告1）为…做广告advertise a product2）登广告征求/寻找……advertise for a new sales manager40.advice n. advise vt.忠告，劝告，建议take/follow/accept one,s advice 接受某人的建议ask sb for advice向某人寻求建议a piece of advice 一条建议give sb some advice on sthadvise sb (not) to doadvise doingadvise that …(should)+doOur teacher advised that we should study hard.41.affect vt.影响,深深打动，使悲伤等Smoking affects health.People were deeply affected by the death of Jin Zhengri.42.afford vt.负担得起,抽得出(时间);提供can/could/be able to afford sth/to do sthI can,t afford a book/to buy the book43.afraid a.害怕的;担心的be afraid to do因为害怕不敢做...be afraid of doing 害怕..She was afraid to go out alone at night.She was afraid of waking him up.44.against prep对着，反对,违背，靠着，迎着，衬着stand against the wall (靠墙站着)go against naturebe against sthThey are strongly against the plan.The pine tree were black against the morning sky.45.age n,年龄;时代vi.变老for ages 多年at an early ageat the age of …of the same age=of an ageAfter his wife,s death he aged quickly.46.agree vi.同意;应允1)agree with①同意agree with sb / what you say/your opinion.②表示一致;“(食物、天气、工作等)对…适宜”：The weather does not agree with me.这种天气对我不适宜。
高三英语一轮复习3500高频词汇讲解17+讲义
高考3500高频词汇讲解171. point v./n.一、变形：points二、词义：1)看法e.g. We disagree with every point she makes.我们不同意她提出的任何观点。
2)重点e.g. The point is you shouldn't have to wait so long to see a doctor.关键是看病不该等那么长时间。
3)意图；目的e.g. I don't see the point of doing it all again.我就不明白，再做一次有什么意义。
v.1)（用手指头或物体）指，指向e.g. He pointed to the spot where the house used to stand.他指出那所房子原来所在的地方。
e.g. She pointed her finger in my direction.她指着我这个方向。
2)瞄准~ sth (at sb/sth)e.g. He pointed the gun at her head.他举枪对准了她的头。
3)对着；朝向+ adv./prep.e.g. The telescope was pointing in the wrong direction.望远镜对错了方向。
e.g. The signpost pointed straight ahead.路标直指前方。
三、常用词组1)from the point of view 从…角度来看e.g. Do you think that, from the point of view of results, this exercise was worththe cost?从效果来看，你认为这种锻炼值得花这笔钱吗？2)point out指出; 指明e.g. I should point out that these estimates cover just the hospital expenditures.我应该指出，这些估价只包括医院的开支。
高考英语高频词汇讲解
⾼考英语⾼频词汇讲解1.certainfor certain I know for certain that he is in the room, but hewon’t answer me.make certain They are doing everything they can to makecertain that they win.be certain to do说话⼈确信Tom is certain to pass the exam.be certain of doing指主语确信⾃⼰的情况Tom is certain of passing the exam.→Tom is certain that he will pass the exam.It’s certain that It’s certain that the government will lose the nextelection.2.chance(1)偶然地 by chance→by accident; accidentally; unintentionally(2)冒险 take chances→ take risks(3)chance表可能性，后可接同位语从句，opportunity则不可。
有可能你能找到他。
There is a chance that you may find him at home.Bill有可能能及时复原参加⽐赛。
There is much chance that Bill will recover from his injury in time for the race.我不应过于期待Grace会来参加聚会；她有可能不来了。
I shouldn't look forward too much to seeing Grace at the party;chances are that she won't come anyway.3. charge (Guess the meanings of “charge” in the following sentences).要价n.His charges for repairing the TV set are reasonable.All goods are delivered free of charge. →for free指控n.He was arrested on a charge of murder.掌管；照看n.I have to leave my daughter in my mother’s charge when I go to work.A new manager will come to take charge of the department next week.要价v.How much do you charge for mending this pair of shoes?They charged me 20 yuan for a cup of juice----too expensive.指控v.He was charged with murder. →He was accused of murder.in charge of in the charge of1. Miss Taylor was (in charge of) the children.2. The children were (in the charge of) Miss Taylor.in control of in the control of1. The British government is no longer (in control of) Hong Kong.2. Hong Kong is no longer (in the control of) the British government. in possession of in the possession ofin possession of in the possession of1. The British museum is (in possession of) many Greek sculptures.2. Many Greek sculptures are (in the possession of) the British Museum.II. Expressions.1. a chain of ideas, coincidences, restaurants, hotels, events2. a piece of chalk3. chat with sb about sthhave a chat with sb about sthIII. Word transformationNoun Adjectivecentre (n./v.)centralchallenge(n./v.)challengingchange(n./v.)changeablecheer(n./v.)cheerfulchemistry chemical(n./adj.)Vocabulary Page 27-28I. Words to explain.1. choose (chose, chosen)Task: Compare “choose” and “choose from”.(setting: He should choose an English book from those books.)He didn’t know what to choose.他不知道选什么。
2022届高考英语超全阅读高频词汇写作目的词汇讲义
写作目的词汇(purpose/intention/reason...why)promote sth. 促进/推广促销/升职motivate/stimulate/inspire 激发recommend sth.推荐explain ... phenomenon解释...现象introduce sth. 引入/介绍express appreciation 表达感激/欣赏analyze the function分析功能review the history of 回顾...的历史initial purpose/ original intention最初目的/原先意图sort out/classify分类arouse concern for引起对...的关注expand/broaden/widen拓宽explore探索cast a new light on 使(人们)重新了解...elaborate/illustrate/clarify说明/阐明set forth=present提出state陈述explanation/interpretation解释cause and effect原因和结果advocate拥护/提倡call on/appeal to号召/呼吁require=demand=request=appeal for=call for要求arouse readers' interest in激发读者对...的兴趣mention the similarity/distinction提及相似点/差别recall回忆propose a definition提出一个定义make a comparison作比较reach a conclusion得出结论conc lude/sum up/summarize/generalize总结归纳概括present an argument提出一个论点in memory of/commemorate为了纪念...goal=purpose=objective=aim=intention=target目标/目的concept=notion概念trick/deceive/cheat/fraud欺骗apply/application应用/申请adapt from改编自...solution=resolution解决方法inform sb. of sth.告知某人某事declare/declaratio n 宣布substitute/replace替代stress/emphasize/highlight/underline强调describe/description/account 描述merit=strength=virtue=advantage优点defect=weakness=shortcoming=drawback=flaw缺点pros and cons正方和反方；利弊fault错误，缺点context/background背景condition=situation=case=circumstance=status情况状况persuade劝说criticize the present values and beliefs批评当下的价值观和信仰tell apart区分辨别foretell=predict=forecast预测indicate/demonstrate揭示/表明imply/hint/suggest暗示infer/deduce推断implication=connotation隐含义account for对...负责；解释说明...；比例占...impact=influence=effect影响consequence=outcome后果extend/extension延伸popularize/publicize/advertise推广宣传proportion比例；份额majority/minority大多数/少数announce=declare=claim=assert=contend=insist/per sist宣布/坚称represent/on behalf of代表list列举narrate/narration叙述comparison and contrast比较和对比entertain reader娱乐读者significance of sth. ...的重要性(recent/latest/existing) findings最近的/最新的/现存的发现theme=subject=topic主题话题！！！initiate发起enlighten启蒙/启迪intend to do/intention打算做某事prove/testify/certify/attest证明/验证identify/recognize/discern识别review/preview复习/预习project=program=plan项目/计划put forward=come up with提出present=raise=propose提议/提出lead to/contribute to导致cause/result in导致due to=result from=be attributed to由于/归因于comment on对...评论draw readers’attention 吸引读者的注意limit/restrict/confine限制upgrade升级rai se people’s awareness of提升人们对...的意识select/pick挑选choice/option/alternative选择alternative 替代物/可选择的事物/可替代的/二选一的selective/electiveplay戏剧review审查/评论/复习assess/evaluate/estimate评估refer to指的是/reference参考consult咨询measure 测量survey 民意调查inquire v. /inquiry n. 询问investigate 调查examine=inspect=check检查technique/skill/craft技巧，工艺means/method/way方法手段途径medium/carrier/vehicle媒介rateratiooperatevary from person to personrange from...to... 从...到...都有，范围跨越...到...阅读真题补充词汇和短语sele ct/pickselective/electivechoice/option/alternative alternative n./a. alternativelyalternate v./a./n.play n. / v.reviewassess/evaluate/estimate refer to/referenceconsultmeasure v./ n.surveyinquire v. /inquiry n. investigateexamine=inspect=check technique/skill/craft means/approach/method/way medium/carrier/vehiclerateratiooperatevary from person to person range from...to...replace/substitute characteristics/featuretend to/tendency/trend/tide event/campaignoutline/schemasketchessential/necessitypattern/mode/modelreflect/reflectionplay a ...role/part composition/components industrymanufacturecommercialbusinesssignal/markspeciesvariety/variouscategory/sort/classification theoretical---practical complicate/complicated factor=element distributionban/forbid/prohibitdevelopevolve/evolutionprocess/procedure/step/courseprogress/advanceadequate/abundant/ample/sufficientappropriate/suitable/properequipment/device/facilitygadgetconsume/consumptioncontain/include/comprisebe comprised of=be composed of=consist of research paperpopulationlocation/site/place/spotspot n./v.favourable climaterenewablerecyclematerials/ raw materialssourceresourcelack/shortagetime and efforteffort vs. effectavailableaccessiblenutritionindividual/personaldecline/decrease/go downrise/increase/go upsupplypopularity/popularizationeffective vs. efficientsociety/socialwilling vs. willreputationconscious/awarequality vs. quantityrecord/keep track oflog in/outcomplexweigh the pros and conspotential userstransitionconflictpreserve/conserve/savepreservation/conservationmeans of transportrely on/depend on/count ondependent/independentdevotion/dedication/commitmentmental/psychologicalmood/moodyassist/aidcheckup疫情：vaccine/ injection/ shot/ novel coronavirus/ COVID-19/ pandemic/ epidemic/ （nucleic acid testing）universalentirewidespreadregulation/ruleopt-outparticipate inhuman rightsinterestcommanddefeat/beatintelligentarticles/items/objects/goodsbe just as goodno better thanIt is more than an intelligent machine.observedatum/datastatistic(s)experiment with/try outadapt to/adaptation/adapt fromclimate/atmosphereprospect/foregroundperceive/perceptionbe attached toattach importance tolink/connectbondrelate/relatedrelatively speakingrelativitypostpone/delay/defer/put offprofitemit/emissionspeak highly/ill ofmonitorsupervisebe affected byactivateacademicscholar/scholarshipdominate/dominatedpossession/property/estateaccommodationanticipateemploy/adopt/acceptmarketingdigitalfigureimagesculpture/statue/statusurban/suburbanrural areas/country/countrysideperspective/angleapplicant/candidate(Version: with Answer)select/pick挑选selective选择的严格筛选的/elective 选举的choice/option/alternative选择alternative n./a.（可供选择的事物，原先的另一个选择；a.二选一的，可替代的）alternatively 或者alternate v.交替(betweenAandB) a.轮流交替的，替换掉原先的，备用的n.候补人员play n.戏剧v.播放（其他略）review 审查/评论/回顾复习assess/evaluate/estimate评估refer to指的是；涉及/reference参考consult咨询measure v.测量n.措施survey 调查inquire v. /inquiry n. 询问investigate调查examine=inspect=check检查technique/skill/craft技巧；工艺means/approach/method/way方法途径medium/carrier/vehicle媒介rate...率ratio比例operate操作vary from person to person因(人)而异range from...to... 在(...)到(...)之内变动replace/substitute代替characteristics/feature特征tend to倾向于/tendency/trend/tide趋势event大事件，活动/campaign运动，战役outline/schema提纲，纲要sketch素描，速写草图e ssential(必不可少的)/necessity必需品pattern/mode/model模式reflect/reflection反思，反映，反射play a ...role/part扮演...角色(起...作用)composition/components组成部分industry工业；产业manufacture制造业commercial商业的；电视广告business商业signal/mark标志species物种variety多样化/various各种各样的category/sort/classification/type种类theoretical理论的---practical实际的complicate/complicated复杂的factor=element因素distribution分配；分布ban/forbid/prohibit禁止develop开发；发展evolve/evolution进化process/procedure/step/course过程progress/advance进步adequate/abundant/ample/sufficient充分的，充足的appropriate/suitable/proper合适的恰当的equipment/device/facility设备gadget小器具consume/consumption消耗contain/include/comprise包含be comprised of=be composed of=consist of由...组成research paper研究论文population人口数量location/site/place/spot地点spot n.地点位置；斑点污点；v.发现，注意到favourable climate宜人的气候renewable可再生的recycle回收materials材料/ raw materials原料source来源resource资源lack/shortage缺乏time and effort时间和精力effort努力vs. effect效果作用available可获得可利用的；有空的accessible可到达可进入的；易懂的；平易近人的nutrition营养individual/personal个人的decline/decrease/go down下降rise/increase/go up上升supply供应popularity流行普及/popularization普及大众化effective有效的vs. efficient高效率的society社会/social社会的社交的willing 愿意的vs. will 意志力reputation名誉conscious/aware有意识的quality质量；品格vs. quantity数量record/keep track of追踪log in/out登录/退出complex复杂的weig h the pros and cons权衡利弊potential users潜在的用户transition过渡conflict冲突preserve/conserve/save保护，保存preservation/conservation同上means of transport交通运输rely on/depend on/count on依赖于dependent依赖的/independent独立的devotion/dedication奉献/commitment奉献，承诺mental/psychological心理的mood情绪/moody喜怒无常的assist/aid援助checkup体检疫情：vaccine疫苗/ injection注射/ shot注射/ novel cor onavirus新冠/ COVID-19/ pandemic疫情/ epidemic疫情/ （nucleic acid testing）核酸检测universal普遍的通用的entire整个widespread普遍的regulation/rule规则opt-out选择不参加/退出participate in参与human 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高考英语高频词汇1. occasion 场合2. situation 情况，处境3. take over 接管4. exchange 交换5. command 命令6. confirm 证实7. cultivate 培养8. prosperously 繁荣的9. suspect 怀疑10. relatively 相对的，比较的11. acknowledge 承认，鸣谢12. ambition 抱负，野心13. quality 质量，品质14. protection 保护15. equally 平等地16. promise 承诺17. clearly 清楚地18. grateful 感激的19. remove 移开20. force 强迫21. apologize 道歉22. terrible 可怕的，糟糕的23. stubborn 固执的24. actively 积极地，主动地25. spiritual 精神的，心灵的26. magical 魔力的27. willingly 愿意地28. strengthen 加强29. image 形象30. complexity 复杂31. cautious 小心的32. manage 管理，成功做成33. prejudice 偏见34. economic 经济的，合算的35. academic 学术的36. control 控制37. adopt 收养，采取38. consume 消费，消耗39. unique 独一无二的40. beneficial 有益的41. varied 多变的，各种各样的42. demanding 要求高的43. appropriate 合理的44. entertainment 娱乐45. deliberately 故意地46. purchase 购买47. tough 艰难的48. bright 明亮的49. remain 留下，保持50. terrify 使害怕51. disappointing 令人失望的52. formal 正式的53. desire 愿望54. share 分享，共有55. fulfill 履行（诺言），执行（命令）56. admit 承认57. evident 明显的58. consequently 因此，所以59. accustomed 习惯的60. accumulate 积累61. participate 参加62. absence 缺席63. presence 出席64. bravery 勇敢65. horror 恐惧66. spotless 无暇的67. fundamental 基础的68. employment 就业，雇用69. involve 包含，使参与70. actually 事实上71. harmony 和谐72. basically 基本的73. inspire 激发，鼓舞74. imitate 模仿75. awful 糟糕的76. generous 慷慨的，大方的77. wealthy 富有的78. function 功能79. stressful 有压力的80. persistent 坚持不懈的81. reluctant 勉强的，不愿意的82. diligent 勤奋的83. attentive 注意的，周到的84. unbearable 不能忍受的85. accommodation 住所86. attractive 有吸引力的87. constant 连续的88. brilliant 杰出的，才华横溢的89. clumsy 笨拙的90. declare 宣布，声明91. obtain 获得92. interactive 相互的，互动的93. incident 事件94. adventure 冒险95. in particular 尤其96. in reality 事实上97. emphasize 强调98. overlook 忽视99. deny 否认100. ensure 确保101. financial 金融102. budget 预算103. on the whole 整体上104. potential 潜在的，潜能105. on the contrary 相反106. loyalty 忠实107. assume 假设108. establish 建设109. flexible 灵活的110. sensitive 敏感的111. essential 必不可少的112. unfair 不公平的113. expectation 期待114. impression 印象115. examination 考试，检查116. contribution 贡献117. certainty 肯定118. confuse 使迷惑，使混淆119. trap 陷阱，困住120. secondary 次要的121. turn up 出现122. show off 炫耀123. break in 闯进124. settle down 定居，安定下来125. relief 安慰，减轻126. justice 公正127. previous 先前的，早先的128. instantly 立即地129. regularly 规则地，规律地130. occasionally 偶尔地131. independence 独立132. keep up with 跟上133. catch up with 追赶上134. come up with 想出135. put up with 忍受136. guarantee 保证137. convince 使确信，说服138. atmosphere 气氛139. sympathy 同情140. punish 惩罚141. puzzled 感到迷惑的142. scared 害怕的143. embarrassed 尴尬的144. reaction 反应145. forgiveness 原谅146. imaginary 想象力丰富的147. be filled with 充满148. be pleased with 对......感到满意149. be crowded with 挤满150. be equipped with 配备有......151. possession 财产152. precious 珍贵的153. appreciate 欣赏，感激154. admire 钦佩155. wander 闲逛156. get rid of 消除，摆脱157. particularly 尤其，特别158. purpose 目的，意图159. courage 勇气160. determination 决心161. roll 滚162. drop 掉下163. undoubtedly 毫无疑问地164. temporarily 暂时地165. thankfully 幸运地166. lean against 靠着167. challenge 挑战168. fierce 激烈的169. practical 实际的，实用的170. straight 直接的171. delighted 高兴的172. congratulate 祝贺173. faint 头晕的174. consult 咨询175. messy 乱的176. review 复习，评论177. curious 好奇的178. graduation 毕业179. honor 荣耀180. comfortable 舒服的，舒适的181. tiresome 令人生厌的，无聊的182. set up 建立183. hold up 举起，支撑184. pick up 拾起，学会，接185. possess 拥有186. crowded 拥挤的187. march 行军，前进188. apartment 公寓189. frightened 害怕的190. turn out 结果是，证明是191. figure out 算出，想出192. anxious 焦虑的193. hunt 寻找，打猎194. amused 愉快的，顽皮的195. optimistic 乐观的196. demonstrate 证明，演示，显示197. realize 意识到198. meaningful 有意义的199. faithful 忠实的，忠诚的200. grasp 抓住，理解201. decorate 装饰202. pressure 压力203. obvious 明显的204. predict 预测205. audience 观众206. contain 包含207. gesture 姿势208. pioneer 先锋209. afford 支付得起210. affair 事情211. dependent 依赖的212. properly 合理地213. sincerely 真诚地214. severely 严厉地215. guidance 指导216. appearance 出现，外貌217. astonishment 惊讶218. sharpen 使锋利219. comment 评论220. privately 私人地221. frequently 频繁地222. physical 身体的，物理的223. donate 捐赠224. manufacture 制造，制造业225. original 原始的，起初的226. effective 有效的227. object 反对228. typical 典型的229. possibility 可能性230. accidentally 意外地，偶然地231. immediately 立刻232. concern 关心，担心233. concentrate 集中234. tragedy 悲剧235. neglect 忽视236. approach 接近，途径，方法237. disturbance 打扰238. arrest 逮捕239. restore 恢复240. available 可得到的，可利用的241. accompany 陪伴242. characteristic 特征，特性243. automatic 自动的244. approve 批准，同意245. roughly 粗略地246. indicate 暗示247. hesitation 犹豫248. attach 系着，附着249. plain 平的，朴素的，简单的250. mercy 怜悯251. sample 样本252. considerable 相当大的，值得考虑的253. enthusiasm 热情254. confirm 证实255. phenomenon 现象256. modify 修改257. annual 每年的258. isolation 隔离，孤立259. ceremony 典礼，仪式260. acceptable 可接受的261. eventually 最后262. target 目标263. expose 暴露264. absolutely 绝对地265. negative 消极的，否定的266. steady 稳定的267. consistently 一贯地，一致地268. permanent 永久的269. professional 职业的，专业的270. dismiss 解雇271. countless 数不尽的272. thoroughly 彻底地273. standard 标准274. tolerate 忍受275. memorable 值得纪念的276. leave for 离开去到277. adapt 适应，改编278. somehow 不知怎么地279. somewhat 稍微，有点280. acquire 获得281. occupy 占据282. accompany 陪伴283. urgent 紧急的284. technology 技术285. giant 巨大的286. invisible 看不见的287. evaluation 评估288. magnificent 壮丽的289. inefficient 效率低的290. nonsense 废话，荒谬的291. preserve 保护，保存292. career 事业293. profession 职业，专业294. exhausted 筋疲力尽的295. crash 撞碎，坠毁296. suspicious 怀疑的297. requirement 要求298. athletic 运动的，运动员的299. prohibit 禁止，阻止300. depressed 沮丧的，萧条的301. instruction 教导，说明302. slightly 轻微地303. meaningful 有意义的304. principle 原则305. undeserved 不应得的306. betray 背叛307. moderate 中等的，适度的308. evaluate 评价，估价309. honorable 值得尊敬的310. artificial 人造的311. concept 概念312. symbolize 象征313. promising 有前途的314. conflict 冲突315. display 显示，陈列316. definitely 明确地，肯定地317. interrupt 打断318. recall 回想起319. recite 背诵320. resist 抵制321. desperate 绝望的322. elegant 优雅的323. attempt 试图324. random 随机的325. profitable 有利可图的326. treasure 珍惜，宝藏327. poisonous 有毒的328. dilemma 窘境329. correctly 正确地330. system 系统331. complicated 复杂的332. application 申请，应用程序333. simple 简单的334. recognize 认出，认可335. cruel 残忍的336. comfortable 舒服的，舒适的337. feared 害怕的338. replace 代替339. method 方法340. seize 抓住341. misunderstand 误解342. mistake 错误，弄错343. imply 暗示344. disease 疾病345. repay 偿还，报答346. describe 描述347. contract 合同348. promote 促进，提升349. sacrifice 牺牲350. generally 一般来说351. trouble 麻烦352. pleased 满意的353. certainly 肯定地，当然354. national 国家的，民族的355. cultural 文化的356. entrance 入口357. annoying 令人恼怒的358. polite 有礼貌的359. unconscious 无意识的360. patient 有耐心的361. theory 理论362. classification 分类363. smart 聪明的364. mature 成熟的365. average 平均366. creative 有创造力的367. graduate 毕业，毕业生368. program 节目369. intelligent 智能的，聪明的370. competent 有能力的371. independent 独立的372. separate 单独的，分开的373. voluntarily 自愿地374. doubt 怀疑375. reflection 反射，沉思，映象376. conclusion 结论377. adult 成年人378. talented 有天赋的379. outstanding 出色的380. expression 表达，表情381. check 检查382. attend 参加，照料383. be aware of 意识到384. be fond of 喜欢385. be worthy of 值得386. expect 期待，预计387. decision 决定388. style 风格389. pretend 假装390. explain 解释391. cause 原因，事业392. perform 表演，执行393. probably 可能地394. struggle 挣扎，奋斗395. completely 完全地396. wonder 想知道397. experience 经验，经历398. fail 失败399. develop 发展400. responsible 有责任的401. valuable 有价值的，贵重的402. ability 能力403. affect 影响404. destroy 毁坏405. confident 自信的406. request 要求407. traditional 传统的408. modern 现代的409. relationship 关系410. cooperation 合作411. distinguish 区分412. identify 鉴定，识别413. thought 想法，思想414. discourage 使气馁，使沮丧415. prepare 准备416. observe 观察，遵守417. energy 精力418. nervous 紧张的419. proud 自豪的。