英国文学简史第六章

《屈身求爱》
Simulation Exercise（模拟练习）
► 1、The
18th century England is known as the Age of Enlightenment or the Age of___. ► 2、Among the representatives of the Enlightenment, ___was the first to introduce rationalism to England. ► 3、Essay on Criticism is a didactic poem written in the form of___. ► 4、Elegy Written in a Graveyard by ___is taken as a model of sentimentalist poetry, esp. the Graveyard school. ► 5、The Vicar of Wakefield is the only novel of ___, which describes misfortunes falling on the central character and the family. ► 6、The only important English dramatist in the 18th century is ___.
② Thomas Gray is the leading figure.
③ His Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard is a case in point of this school.
► Thomas
Gray(托马斯· 格雷)
An Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard
《墓畔哀歌》
► Richard
B. Sheridan(理查德· 比· 谢立丹)
The School for Scandal
《造谣学校》、 The Rival《情敌》
► Oliver
Goldsmith (奥利佛· 哥尔德史密斯)
The Vicar of Wakefield
《威克菲尔德牧师》、
She Stoops to Conquer
• Neoclassicism(新古典主义)1)In the field of literature, the 18th century Enlightenment Movement brought about a revival of interest in the old classical works. This tendency is known as neoclassicism.2)The neoclassicists hold that forms of literature were to be modeled after the classical works of the ancient Greek and Roman writers such as Homer and Virgil and those of the contemporary French ones.3)They believed that the artistic ideas should be order, logic, restrained emotion and accuracy, and that literature should be judged in terms of its service to humanity.
The Dunciad
《群愚史诗》
Why is Alexander Pope known as a representative of the Enlightenment? (国际关系学院2007年考研题) ① Alexander Pope is generally regarded as the greatest English poet of the eighteenth century, best known for his satirical verse and for his translation of Homer. ② The first epistle of Alexander Pope’s Essay on Man can be considered an articulation of the Enlightenment, because it encompasses three major concerns of the people during the Enlightenment. ③ Pope addresses man’s ability to reason and think for himself, he questions the church and the nature of Christianity, and he also speculates about man’s place in the word, as a part of the great chain of life.
没有知识的人品是软弱的、无益的；没有人品的知识是危险
的、可畏的。
Literary Term
The Graveyard School ① It refers to a school of poets of the 18th century whose poems are mostly devoted to a sentimental lamentation or meditation on life, past and present, with death and graveyard as themes.
(川大2002、人大2003、北交大2006、吉林大学2006考研题)
Representative Writers and Their Works [作家作品]
► Alexander
Pope(亚历山大· 蒲伯) An Essay on Criticism《论批评》、 The Rape of the Lock《夺发记》、
Samuel Johnson(塞缪尔· 约翰逊)
► The
Life of Samuel Johnson, LL.D
《塞缪尔· 约翰逊ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้》
Integrity without knowledge is weak and useless, and knowledge without integrity is dangerous and dreadful.
Nature and Nature’s Laws lay hid in night: God said, Let Newton be ! And all was light. 自然和自然的法规藏匿在黑暗里， 上帝令牛顿降世，于是光明照亮了大地。
《伊萨克· 牛顿爵士的墓志铭》（1730年）
• To err is human, to forgive, divine. • 人孰能无过，宽恕乃是神的属性。
Chapter 6 The Classic Age · Pope · Johnson · Gray · Goldsmith · Sheridan
古典时期 · 蒲伯 · 约翰逊 · 格 雷· 哥德史密斯 · 谢立丹
2014-5-14
Literary Terms [文学术语解释]
• Enlightenment Movement(启蒙运动)1)It was a progressive intellectual movement which flourished in France and swept through Western Europe in the 18th century.2)The movement was a furtherance of the Renaissance from 14th century to the mid-17th century.3)Its purpose was to enlighten the whole world with the light of modern philosophical and artistic ideas.4)It celebrated reason or nationality, equality and science. It advocated universal education. Literature at the time became a very popular means of public education.5)Famous among the great enlighteners in England were those great writers like John Dryden, Pope, Johnson, Swift, Defoe, Fielding, Sheridan, etc.(北航2008年考研试题)