2020届深圳市光明新区光明中学高三英语一模试题及答案解析

2020届深圳市光明新区光明中学高三英语一模试题及答案解析
第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项
A
Bird migration is described as the regular, seasonal movement of bird populations from one place to another and back again.
The longer days and rich food of the northern summer provide greater chances for birds to feed their young. The longer daylight hours and enormous food resources allow birds to lay larger eggs than those of related non-migratory species that remain in the tropics all year round. As the days shorten in autumn and the breeding period is over, the birds return to warmer regions where the available food supply differs little with the seasons changing. The advantages of migration make up for the high stress, physical exertion（消耗）, and other risks of the migration.
Day length is the primary environmental factor that encourages birds to prepare for migration. They have an increased appetite which results in weight gaining, giving them the fat reserves that provide energy for their migratory flight. They also show more activity at night, which is when most birds migrate. While the length of day is the primary reason for migration, birds also respond to temperature changes. For example, if a spring is late and the temperature is lower than normal, birds delay migration; if a spring is early, birds also begin migration early.
The timing of the migratory cycle must allow birds to arrive on the breeding site so that there is time tobuild a breeding place, mate, lay the eggs, and hatch the young before the rich food is available to feed the young in the nest. Similarly, if birds wait until the climate in their northern breeding grounds becomes tolerable(可忍受的), there will be no time togain the necessary weight that provides the energy needed for their southbound migration.
1. Why do birds migrate to the north in spring?
A The temperature in the south has risen.
B. They like traveling and enjoy the journey.
C. The summer there is warmer than that in the south.
D. The environment there is more suitable for them to feed their baby birds.
2. What are the two factors that cause birds to migrate?
A. Day length and food supply.
B. Night length and high stress.
C. Temperature changes and daylength.
D. Food supply and temperature changes.
3. Which can be the best title for the text?
A. Birds' Life
B. Birds' Migration
C. Birds' Breeding Habits
D. Birds' Living Environment
B
Every day, millions of shoppers hit the stores in full force, searching wildly for the perfect gift.Aside from purchasing holiday gifts, most people regularly buy presents for other occasions throughout the year, including weddings, birthdays, anniversaries, and graduations. This frequent experience of gift-giving cancause uncertain feelings in gift-givers. Many enjoy the opportunity to buy presents because gift-giving offers a powerful means to build stronger bonds, while many worry that their purchases will disappoint rather than delight the intended recipients (接受者).
Anthropologists describe gift-giving as a positive social process, serving various political, religious, and psychological functions. Economists, however, offer a less favorable view. According to Waldfogel, gift-giving represents an objective wasteof resources. People buy gifts that recipients would not choose to buy on their own, or at least not spend as much money to purchase (a phenomenon referred to as‘‘the deadweight loss of Christmas”).
What is surprising is that gift-givers have much experience acting as both gift-givers and gift-recipients, but nevertheless tend to overspend each time they set out to purchase a meaningful gift. In the present research, we propose a unique psychological explanation for this overspending problem — gift-givers link how much they spend with how much recipients will appreciate the gift. Though it seems natural to gift-givers, such an assumption may be unfounded. Indeed, we propose that gift-recipients will be less likely to base their feelings of appreciation on the value of a gift than givers assume.
Why do gift-givers assume that gift price is closely linked to gift-recipients’ feelings of appreciation? Perhaps givers believe that more expensive gifts communicate a stronger sense ofthoughtfulness and consideration. According to Camerer and others, gift-giving represents a symbolic ritual (习俗), by which gift-givers attempt to signal their positive attitudes towards the recipient and their willingness to invest resources in a futurerelationship.
In this sense, gift-givers may be motivated to spend more money on a gift in order to send a “stronger signal”. As for gift-recipients, they may not interpret smaller and larger gifts as representing smaller and larger signals of thoughtfulness and consideration.
The idea of gift-givers and gift-recipients being unable to account for the other party’s viewpoint seems confusing because people slip in and out of these roles every day. Yet, despite the experience as both givers and receivers, people often struggle to apply information gained from one role in another. In theoretical terms, people fail to use information about their own preferences and experiences to produce more efficient outcomes in their exchange relations. In practical terms, people spend hundreds of dollars each year on gifts, but somehow never learn to estimate their gift expense according to personal insight.
4. The author uses “the deadweight loss of Christmas” in Paragraph 2 to express ________.
A. gift-givers don’t spend much money during holidays
B. gift-givers don’t ask recipients what gifts they prefer
C. gift-givers buy improper and expensive gifts
D. gift-givers have difficulty in choosing gifts
5. According to the passage, people buy gifts to ________.
A. receive gifts in return
B. enjoy the feeling of shopping
C. help recipients to save money
D. better relationships with recipients
6. What can we learn from the passage?
A. People’s high living standards require expensive gifts.
B. Gift-givers buy gifts based on their experiences as recipients.
C. Anthropologists think gift-giving meets different human needs.
D. Recipients judge the depth of friendship according to the gift price.
7. Why did the author write this article?
A. To criticize people’s gift-buying habits.
B. To analyze people’s gift-giving behaviors.
C. To offer advice on how to improve relationships.
D. To remind people not to overlook others’ preferences.
C
Put your hand over your heart and sit very still. You may notice that the sound of your heartbeat is similar to the beat of a drum. Your heart starts beating before you are born and continues throughout your life. For this reason, the beating of a drum stands for the rhythm of life for many people around the world.
InGhana, a country inAfrica, many schools use drums instead of bells to show the beginning and ending of class. Through the drum, the children ofGhanaalso learn about their history and culture. They hear old stories passed on through the music of the drum. The stories of the drum also teach children games, rules and lessons about behavior.
For thousands of years inAfrica, drums have been used to tell stories of daily life and history. Drums told the coming of a king, the start of a war, or the birth of a child. They also allowed people to share messages. But how does a drum tell a story?
InWest Africa, the most common drum used for communication is called a “talking drum”. By making higher orlower drum sounds, the drummer can make the drum “talk”.
In many African languages, words go up and down in pitch (高音) when they are spoken, almost like a song. Depending on the pitch or tone (音调), the same sound can have many different meanings. For example, when spoken with two low tones, the African word “ilu” means “drum”. When spoken with one high and one low tone, “ilu” means “town”.
Drum language works in the same way. Just as in spoken language, the word “ilu” has different meanings depending on how it’s drummed. When “ilu” is drummed with two beats using low tones, the word means “drum”. When “ilu” is drummed with two beats using one high and one low tone, it means “town”.
Drummers create “words” to build ideas, sentences and stories. The next time you hear a song, listen for the heartbeat within the music. Can you hear the story of the drum?
8. The first paragraph mainly tells us________.
A. drums beat like our hearts
B. drums have a long history
C. drums are widely used in the world
D. drums are important for many people worldwide
9. From the text, we learn that inGhanadrums________.
A. are not as useful as before
B. teach children a lot of things
C. help bring the war to an end
D. are used in class by teachers
10. The example of the African word “ilu” is used to show________.
A. how a word can have different sounds
B. how to speak African languages
C. how a drum tells stories
D. how to beat a drum
11. What would be the best title for the text?
A. Know the history of the drum
B. Listen to the story of the drum
C. Beat the drum of life
D. Love me, love my drum
D
While the arts can' t stop the COVID-19 virus or the social unrest we see in the world today, they can give us insight into the choices we make when moving through crises and chaos. The arts invite everyone to think in new ways.
We often experience works of art as something that's pleasing to our senses without a full understanding of the creative effort. Great art often shows us contradictions and crises, and we can learn a great deal from their resolutions(解决). Through our understanding of art, we can gain a deeper understanding of how we might overcome our own challenges. In understanding extremes of contrast, we can see the beauty in art with themes that are not simply pleasing for their magnificent features or qualities.
Beethoven offers a wonderful example of moving artfully through crises and chaos. He composed his Symphony No. 9 as his hearing loss became more and more pronounced. The opening of the symphony seems to come out of nowhere, from near silence in the opening to a full expression of what many consider to be the joy of freedom and universal brotherhood with Schiller’s Ode to joy（欢乐颂). Beethoven appears to have created a work of art that not only freed him from his personal struggles, but one that also speaks to the joy of living together in peace and harmony.
Have a dialogue between the two opposing parts and you will find that they always start out fighting each other until we come to an appreciation of difference—a oneness of the two opposingforces.The arts offer many lessons that can help us gain the knowledge we need to move more confidently in today’ s competitive and uncertain environment. An openness to arts-based solutions will give you more control over your future.
12. What value does art have beyond pleasing people's senses?
A. It brings people inner peace.
B. It contributes to problem-solving.
C. It reduces the possibility of crises.
D. It deepens understanding of music.
13. What can we learn about Beethoven's Symphony No. 9?
A. It celebrates freedom and unity.
B. It aims to show crises and chaos.
C. It opens with Schiller's Ode to Joy.
D. It is unfinished due to his hearing loss.
14. What is the author's suggestion on dealing with conflicting forces?
A. Leaving things as they are.
B. Making a choice between them.
C. Separating them from each other.
D. Engaging them in a conversation.
15. Which of the following can be the best title for the text?
A. How COVID-19 changes art
B. Essentials of Symphony No. 9
C. Moving artfully through crises
D. Joy in the eyes of Beethoven
第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

选项中有两项为多余选项It's important to develop strong study skills in high school so that you can be prepared for any continuing education or training after you graduate.___16___. By repeating them, you will create a new study habit and that will result in improved learning and grades.
___17___. Update it as the term goes on. Make sure you have all the materials with you that you might need.
Develop a calm attitude.___18___. Nobody learns anything straight away.
Set up small rewards for reaching goals. Remember that it takes time to develop a new habit, so set small achievable study goals and reward yourself for reaching then.___19___
Review the information you've learned. By creating repetition, you strengthen the memory of what you're studying. Take frequent breaks during your study time. Short bursts of studying are proven to be more effective than hours of cramming. Get up and stretch, clear your mind and relax your muscles before returning to the books.
Using thinking skills effectively.___20___. If you're not a good thinker, start now by developing habits that
make you ask yourself questions as you read. Talk to other students who you feel are good thinkers. Ask them what it is they do when they think critically or creatively. Often times, you can pick up valuable insights to help you become a better thinker.
A. Be calm and patient with yourself
B. For that repeat the following study habits daily
C. Obviously, a good habit benefits you all life long
D. This helps keep you motivated and feeling positive
E. At the beginning of a term, prepare a Term Calendar
F. Good thinkers see only dead-ends where others see possibilities
G. Good thinkers see possibilities where others see only dead-ends
第二部分语言运用（共两节，满分45分）
第一节（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项No one is born a winner. People make themselves into winners by their own____21____
I learned this lesson from a(n)____22____many years ago. I took the head____23____job at a school inBaxley,Georgia. It was a small school with a weak football program.
It was a tradition for the school’s old team to play against the____24____team at the end of spring practice. The old team had no coach, and they didn’t even practice to_____25_____the game. Being the coach of the new team, I was excited because I knew we were going to win, but to my disappointment we were defeated. I couldn’t____26____I had got into such a situation. Thinking hard about it, I came to____27____that my team might not be the number one team inGeorgia, but they were_____28_____me. I had to change my____29____about their ability and potential.
I started doing anything I could to help them build a little______30______. Most important, I began to treat them like______31______. That summer, when the other teams enjoyed their______32______, we met every day and_______33_______passing and kicking the football.
Six months after suffering our_______34_______on the spring practice field, we won our first game and our second, and continued to______35______. Finally, we faced the number one team in the state. I felt that it would be a______36______for us even if we lost the game. But that wasn’t what happened. My boys beat the best team in Georgia, giving me one of the greatest______37______of my life！
From the experience I learnt a lot about how the attitude of the leader can______38______the members of a team. Instead of seeing my boys as losers, I pushed and_______39_______them. I helped them to see
themselves______40______, and they built themselves into winners.
Winners are made, but born.
21. A. luck B. tests C. efforts D. nature
22. A. experiment B. experience C. visit D. show
23. A. operating B. editing C. consulting D. coaching
24. A. successful B. excellent C. strong D. new
25. A. cheer for B. prepare for C. help with D. finish with
26. A. believe B. agree C. describe D. regret
27. A. realize B. claim C. permit D. demand
28. A. reacting to B. looking for C. depending on D. caring about
29. A. decision B. attitude C. conclusion D. intention
30. A. pride B. culture C. fortune D. relationship
31. A. leaders B. partners C. winners D. learners
32. A. rewards B. vacations C. health D. honor
33. A. risked B. missed C. considered D. practiced
34. A. defeat B. decline C. accident D. mistake
35. A. relax B. improve C. expand D. defend
36. A. shame B. burden C. victory D. favor
37. A. chances B. thrills C. concerns D. offers
38. A. surprise B. serve C. interest D. affect
39. A. encouraged B. observed C. protected D. impressed
40. A. honestly B. individually C. calmly D. differently
第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式
Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
Wedding in theUnited States
Weddings in theUnited Statesvary as much as the people do. There are church weddings with a great deal of fanfare；there are weddings on mountain tops with guests____41.____(seat)on the rocks and even barefooted;
and there have been weddings on the ocean floor with oxygen tanks for the guests. But many weddings,____42.____or how they are performed, include certain traditional customs.
Before a couple is married, they become engaged. And then invitations are sent to those who live nearby, their close friends and their s who live far away. When everything is ready, then comes____43.____(exciting)moment of all.
The wedding itself usually lasts between 20 and 40 minutes. The wedding party is walking through the aisle of the church as the Wedding March____44.____(play). The bride carrying a bouquet(花束) enters last with her father who will "give her away". The groom enters the church from a side door. When the wedding party is gathered by the altar(圣坛), the bride and groom exchange vows.____45.____is traditional to use the words "To have and to hold from this day forward, for better, for worse. for richer, for poorer, in sickness and in health to love and to cherish, till death do us part".____46.____(follow)the vows, the couple exchange rings. Wearing the wedding ring on the fourth finger of the left hand is an old custom.
____47.____the ceremony there is often a party called a "reception", which gives the wedding guests an opportunity to congratulate the newlywed,
The car in____48.____the couple leaves the church is decorated with balloons, streamer and shaving cream. The words "Just Married" are painted on the trunk or back window to tell people____49.____they are married. Now comes the last step of the wedding ceremony. As a tradition, the bride and the groom____50.____run to the car under a shower of rice thrown by the wedding guests. When the couple drives away from the church, friends often chase them in cars, honking(鸣喇叭)and drawing attention to them. And then the couple go on their honeymoon.
第四部分写作（共两节，满分40分）
第一节短文改错（满分10分）
51.假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。

文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。

错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。

增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。

删除：把多余的词用(＼)划掉。

修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。

注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。

Alice was born in the small town. Her parents wanted her to become a housewife in the future. But she has
dreamed becoming a writer since she was young. So she took every opportunity to learning something about writing. Meanwhile, she struggled for her dream or withstood the hard life. She kept writing even if when she was occupying with many things every day. Eventual, Alice succeeded, and even win the Nobel Prize for literature.
Please believe that your efforts will pay off one day. When faced with all kinds of difficulty, Alice chose to wait patiently for opportunities and struggle with life, which made him a successful person at last.
第二节书面表达（满分25分）
52.阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。

After watching my son Todd run in an annual race. I made my usual comment. “Todd I could walk faster than those women run.” Todd laughed as he knew I wasn't a runner. “Listen, Mom. I want you to show by your actions. How about you running with me next year at this race?” Without thinking, I quickly agreed to this challenge.
But when it was almost time for this race to occur, Todd wasn't going to be running. He was sent to Africa as a soldier for three years. A few of his friends knew this challenge I had agreed to with Todd. They started to encourage me to run the race. I hadn't trained or anything. Quite frankly, I had almost forgotten I said I would do it.
I decided I should keep my promise to Todd and run the race. The first thing I did was go out and buy some running clothes. I might as well look good was my thought. even though I hadn't trained at all.
The day of the race came. I was not well prepared, but I started. It wasn't long before some guy on the roadside started to talking next to me. I wasn't in the talking mood. However, this guy was very talkative. He kept making remark on how tired he was, and I must be tired too. The race was over, and this guy's wife won! I was just happy to finish and keep my promise to Todd.
I came home, and my neighbor asked about the race. I told him what had happened and how this guy would not shut up his negative talk. My neighbor laughed and set me straight," Kay. don't you know what this guy was doing? He thought you were the competition by the way you were dressed. He wanted his wife to win "Oh really!”
注意：
1.续写词数应为150左右；
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。

This guy's attitude built a fire in me for the next race!
_____________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________
The race began on a cold day and I saw this guy and his wife.
_____________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________
参考答案
1. D
2. C
3. B
4. C
5. D
6. C
7. B
8. D 9. B 10. C 11. B
12. A 13. D 14. B 15. C
16. B 17. E 18. A 19. D 20. G
21. C 22. B 23. D 24. D 25. B 26. A 27. A 28. C 29. B 30. A 31. C 32.
B 33. D 34. A 35. B 36.
C 37. B 38.
D 39. A 40. D
41. seated
42. no matter where
43. the most exciting
44. is being played/ is played
45. It 46. Following
47. After / During /At
48. which 49. that
50. must/ should
51.(1).the→a；
(2).在dreamed后加of；
(3).learning→learn；
(4).or→and；
(5).将when去掉；
(6).occupying→occupied；
(7).Eventual→Eventually；
(8).win→won；
(9).difficulty→difficulties；
(10).him→her
52.略。