高中英语 Unit 7 The sea Section Ⅳ Lesson 4课时作业 北师大版必修3

Unit 7 The sea Section Ⅳ Lesson 4
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1.These plants have to ________________(water) as often as possible so that they can ________(survivor) the hot summer days.
答案：be watered；survive
2．It is difficult ________________(recognition) my friend in such a crowd.
答案：to recognise
3．If you have a job，________________(devote) yourself to it and finally you’ll succeed.
答案：do devote
4．After staying in hospital for long，the patient was advised to go to the seaside to pick ________his health.
答案：up
5．She looks sad.Could you please tell me what it is________prevents her from being as happy as before?
答案：that
6．Mr Smith found that gas ________________(escape) from the pipe when he came back because we forgot to switch off.But at last we were lucky to escape________________(punish)．
答案：was escaping；being punished
7. It took a long time for him ________________(recovery)．
答案：to recover
8．The country has sent up three unmanned spacecrafts，the most recent __________________________(launch) at the end of last month.
答案：having been launched
Ⅱ.完成句子
1．他的确在音乐会上表现很好。

He______________________________on the concert.
答案：did perform well
2．没有食物和水我们活不了多久。

We can’t ______________________________without food and water.
答案： survive for long
3．他们朝着罗马的方向出发了。

They set off ______________________________Rome.
答案： in the direction of
4．这么多人缺席，会议不得不推迟。

______________________________，the meeting had to be put off.
答案： So many people absent
5．我正在街上散步，突然发生了一起事故。

I______________________________the accident happened.
答案：was walking in the street when
Ⅲ.阅读理解
Domesticated (家养的) pigs were present in northern Germany around 4600 BC，some 500 years earlier than previously thought，new fossil and DNA evidence reveals.The finding is significant because the people living in that part of Europe at the time were Mesolithic (中石器时代) hunter­gatherers who primarily lived on wild game.
These people，known as the ErtebΦlle，kept domesticated dogs as hunting companions，but it would be several hundred years before they began raising animals and crops for food.One hypothesis for how the people came to acquire the pigs is that they traded for them with their farmer neighbors to the south.
“It would have been hard for the hunter­gatherers not to be fascinated by the strange­looking spott ed pigs owned by farmers living nearby，” study co­author，Greger Larson，an archaeologist at Durham University in the UK，said in a statement.
“It should come as no surprise that the hunter­gatherers acquired some eventually，but this study shows that they did very soon after domestic pigs arrived in northern Europe.”
Analyses of the teeth of the domesticated pig bones suggest the animals were smaller than those of wild pigs living in northern Germany at the time.This size reduction is characteristic of the first phase of domestication for many species，explained study co­leader，Almut Nebel， a biologist at Christian­Albrechts­University.
The remains also showed variations in one gene，which suggests the early
farm pigs also had another classic characteristic of domesticated animals：coats that varied in color and that were spotted.
Overall，though，the ancient European porkers (肥小猪) would have been lighter and smaller than modern varieties.“Modern­day pigs are bred for high amounts of
fat and meat，” Krause­Kyora said.“Today’s pig breeds have an extra pair
of ribs (肋骨)．..and they also have a different skull shape.”
The snouts (鼻子) of the ancient domesticated pigs would also have been longer and more wild pig­like than those of mode rn breeds.
While the ErtebΦlle people acquired the pigs，there is no evidence that having the animals inspired them to try their hand at pig breeding themselves.
“It would be a couple of hundred years before they really got into domestication，” Nebel said.“It could have started with the pigs，but we don’t know for sure.”
语篇解读家养的小猪早在公元前4600年就出现在了德国北部，这比人们以前认为的
还要早500年左右。

这个发现很有意义，因为那个时候那儿的人们主要还是依靠打猎来维持
生存。

1．It was originally thought that domesticated pigs were present in northern Germany________.
A．around 4100 BC B．around 5100 BC
C．around 4600 BC D．around 500 BC
解析：细节理解题。

根据第一段中的“Domesticated pigs were present in northern Germany around 4600 BC，some 500 years earlier than previously thought...”可知
家养小猪最早出现在德国北部是公元前4600年，比原来想的要早500年左右。

那么原来想
的就是比公元前4600年晚了500年左右，也就是公元前4100年左右。

答案： A
2．What does the underlined word in the second paragraph mean?
A．Doubt. B．Evidence.
C．Assumption. D．Challenge.
解析：词义猜测题。

根据第二段和第三段的内容可知，至于人们是怎么得到这些小猪
的一个“假想”就是他们和南方务农的邻居们交易得来，这些打猎的人很可能是被这些长相
奇怪的动物吸引了。

答案： C
3．What would the domesticated pigs at that time have been like?
A．They would have shorter snouts than modern ones.
B．They would have been heavier than modern domesticated pigs.
C．They would have longer snouts than wild pigs at their time.
D．They would have been smaller than today’s domesticated pigs.
解析：细节理解题。

根据第七段中的“...the ancient European pokers would have been lighter and smaller than modern varieties.”可知这些古代的小猪比现在的品种轻和小。

答案： D
4．What can we learn from the text?
A．The ErtebΦlle got the pigs from their neighbors much later than their arrival in northeren Europe.
B．The early domesticated pigs were colorful and spotted.
C．The body structure of the ancient pigs was the same as that of modern ones.
D．The ErtebΦlle bred the pigs soon after they got them.
解析：推理判断题。

根据第六段的内容可知那些古代的家养猪具有典型的特征，那就是颜色多样并且身上有斑点。

答案： B
B
Some scientists say that animals in the oceans are increasingly threatened by noise pollution caused by human beings.
The noise that affects sea creatures comes from a number of human activities.It is caused mainly by industrial underwater explosions，ocean drilling and ship engines.Such noises are added to natural sounds.These sounds include the breaking of ice fields，underwater earthquakes，and sounds made by animals themselves.
Decibels (分贝) measured in water are different from those measured on land.A noise of one hundred and twenty decibels on land causes pain to human ears.In water，a decibel level of one hundred and ninety­five would have the same effect.
Some scientists have suggested setting a noise limit of one hundred and twenty decibels in the oceans.They have observed that noises at that level can frighten and confuse whales (鲸鱼)．
A team of American and Canadian scientists discovered that louder noises can seriously injure some animals.
The research team found that powerful underwater explosions were causing whales in the area to lose their hearing.This seriously affected the whales’ ability to exchange information and find their way.Some of the whales even died.The explosions
had caused their ears to bleed and become infected (被感染的)．
Many researchers whose work depends on ocean sounds are against a limit of one hundred and twenty decibels.They say such a limit would mean an end to important industrial and scientific research.
Scientists do not know how much and what kinds of noises are harmful to ocean animals.However，many scientists don’t think that noise is a greater danger than they believed.They want to prevent noises from harming creatures in the ocean.
语篇解读这是一篇说明文。

文章主要介绍科学家发现海洋里的动物在不断地受到由人类活动引起的噪音污染的威胁。

5．According to the passage，natural sounds include all of the following except________.
A．sounds made by animals themselves
B．ocean drilling
C．underwater earthquakes
D．the breaking of ice fields
解析：细节理解题。

根据第二段的“The noise that affe cts sea creatures comes from a number of human activities.It is caused mainly by industrial underwater explosions，ocean drilling”可知ocean drilling是人类活动造成的声音，不是自然的声音。

同时根据第二段的“Such noises are added to natural sounds.These sounds include the breaking of ice fields，underwater earthquakes，and sounds made by animals themselves.”可知A、C和D项都是自然的声音。

答案： B
6．Which of the following is discussed in the third paragraph?
A．The same noise level produces a different effect on land and in the ocean.
B．Different places may have different types of noises.
C．The decibel is not a right unit (单位) for measuring underwater noise.
D．Different ocean animals may have different reactions to noises.
解析：主旨大意题。

第三段的第一句话“Decibels measured in water are different from those measured on land.”是本段的主题句可知。

答案： A
7. Which of the following is true of whales?
A．They won’t be confused by noises.
B．They are deaf to noises.
C．Their ability to reproduce will be lowered by high­level noises.
D ．Their hearing will be damaged by high­level noises.
解析： 细节理解题。

根据第六段的“The research team found that powerful underwater explosions were causing whales in the area to lose their hearing.”可知答案。

答案： D
8．According to the passage ，what will scientists most probably do in the future?
A ．They will work hard to reduce ocean noise pollution.
B ．They will protect animals from harmful noises.
C ．They will try to set a limit of 120 decibels.
D ．They will study the effect of ocean noise pollution.
解析： 推理判断题。

根据最后一段后两句可知科学家在未来将会保护海洋生物不受有害噪音的损害。

答案： B
Ⅳ.短文改错
Dear Mrs Winthorp ，
So my first week at college is over ！No lectures this morning so I think I’d like to email you and let you know what things are going.
I’m glad to say that anything has worked out fine in the dorm.I remember asking for a room as far away from the lifts as possible and they find me a comfortable one on second floor.There are two girls from my course here and I plan to make friend with them so we can help each other on the course work.Everyone else seems very nice and warmly here.Well ，I had better to stop now.I’m going to at tend mine first lesson this afternoon ，for I’ve got some preparations to make.Keep in touch.
Best
Carol
参考答案
Dear Mrs Winthorp ，
So my first week at college is over ！No lectures this morning so I think I’d like to email you and let you know what how
things are going. I’m glad to say that anything everything
has worked out fine in the dorm.I remember asking for a room as far away from the lifts as possible and they find found
me a comfortable one on ∧the
second floor.There are two girls from my course here and I plan to make friend friends with them so we can help each other on with
the course work.Everyone else seems
very nice and warmly warm
here.Well ，I had better to —— stop now.I’m going to attend mine my first lesson this afternoon ，for so
I’ve got some preparations to make.Keep in touch.
Best
Carol。