开放作文的写作技巧讲解-精选学习文档

开放作文的写作
题型介绍
【链接高清课堂】
开放作文（open-ended composition）倾向于“就图论事”，提示简略，要求学生根据图画描述图画信息并简单议论。

学生需发挥想象力和创造力，拓展主题，组织篇章结构，既要体现活跃的思维，又能表现出逻辑思维能力和灵活运用英语的能力。

“描述段”功能一：传达图画信息，交代图画内容；
“描述段”功能二：为议论段埋下伏笔。

（描写+铺垫）
“议论段”功能：“议论段”基于图画信息，表达看法、感想。

英语作文看重语言质量和逻辑性。

(议论+回述)切题与逻辑性并重。

描述与论述不能分家, 要有有机联系。

解题技巧
解题步骤
认真读图，找出图中主要元素。

文字说明部分往往含有重要信息(clues)，切记要认真阅读！正确理解主要元素之间的关系。

找到主要元素之间关系的矛盾之处。

联系生活解释清楚该矛盾的成因、影响、后果、作用等。

点明自己的观点，给出积极向上的解决办法。

描述是为议论服务的；
铺垫是为逻辑服务的；
回述是不能缺少的。

常用经典句型举例
阐述图画中的内容与主题。

经常用到句型有：
1. As is shown in the picture…
2. As we can see in the picture…
3. In the picture we can see that…
4. From the picture I can see…
5. What an interesting picture!
结合生活实际或学习实际，阐明图画的寓意及其对我们生话的启示，常用到的句型：
1. The picture is trying to tell us that…
2. The picture reflects a common social problem…
3. The picture vividly shows…
4. The picture conveys a message that…
5. I think the picture wants to show us that…
6. F rom the picture, we can draw a conclusion that…
7. As the picture suggests…
8. This picture makes me think a lot about…
9. It reminds me of/ that…
学生常忽视的问题
一、缺少开头结尾。

有的同学对所给的材料只关注内容，下笔就进行描述，经常略掉开头句，对前提或背景缺乏必要的交代，就直接进入正题。

这样让人感觉只是陈述了所给材料的内容，显得没头没尾。

一篇好的文章应该有精彩的开头和有分量的结尾，这样才能使文章显得结构完整。

二、行文断序，思维不连贯。

很多同学的文章读起来会有行文不连贯、断断续续之感，有时甚至有跳跃感。

这样很难做到流畅，即使遣词造句再美也很难给人留下好的整体印象。

三、平铺直叙，语言单调。

有些同学的作文很可能句子都很规整，语法也很规范，但句式单一，遣词造句也很简单。

虽然避免了语法错误，但缺乏活跃的生活气息，给人的感觉就是为了陈述而陈述，丧失了语言的美感，读起来味同嚼蜡，很难拿到满意的分数。

四、追新图怪，用词偏、奇、大。

有的同学积累较多，词汇较丰富，可积累时对词汇缺乏深入全面的认识，只停留在词汇的中文释义上；选词时又缺乏细细斟酌，往往造成本来很简单就能表达清楚的东西偏偏使用了过大的词汇。

还有的同学为了显示自己的词汇，故意选择很偏，或很少见到的一些词汇。

这样的结果往往会与通篇的行文风格不符，词汇显得很突兀，也不符合文章所描述的情景。

五、陈述空洞，缺乏细节。

受词数要求限制，很多同学的作文只停留在表面的陈述上，反复说一些空话、套话，缺乏实质内容的细节描写，使文章显得空洞不实，可信度不强。

例文解析
请根据下面提示，写一篇短文。

词数不少于50。

In your spoken English class, your teacher shows you the following picture. You are asked to describe the picture and explain how you understand it.
描图，理清主要信息：两只乌鸦取水喝的不同方式：一只乌鸦直接通过管子喝水，而另一只则向瓶中投掷石块以抬高水面进而喝到水。

在描述漫画内容时，考生要注意用自己比较熟悉的词汇、句型对画面内容进行简明、清楚地叙述。

1. In the picture, there are two bottles with a little water in them. A bird is working hard to drop the stones into a bottle in order to raise the level of the water. She flies around for many times, sweating a lot, while the other bird just stands on the edge of the other bottle using a straw to drink the water inside.
2. As you can see in the picture, there are two bottles containing some water and two birds are finding ways to drink the water. One bird uses a pipe and drinks the water easily, while the other puts small stones into the water and can’t have access to drinking water right now.
3. As can be seen in the picture, one thirsty crow is busying himself throwing stones into a jar in order to raise the water level for drinking. The other crow, however, has already started drinking from its own jar with the help of a long straw.
4. As is shown in the picture, a crow has been flying back and forth, picking stones and throwing them into a half-filled jar in order to raise the water level for drinking. However, the
other crow is drinking the water at ease with a straw, which proves to be more efficient and less time-consuming.
5. As is shown in the picture, one thirsty crow is busying himself throwing stones into a jar in order to raise the water level for drinking. The other crow, however, has already started drinking from its own jar with the help of a long straw.
解读漫画折射出什么生活现象，给人以什么启示。

从不同角度去看，对漫画就有不同的解读。

但是只要我们联系现实生活，找到与画面主旨相对应的现实素材展开联想来解读这幅漫画的意义及其寓意（即漫画折射出的生活现象以及给人们的启示）。

从画面与现实的“链接”中，确定话题及立意的方向。

确定好立意之后，先写出主题句，再展开议论。

议论要联系实际，摆事实，讲道理。

只要是逻辑合理，立意可以是多样的。

比如：立意一：我们应该打破传统，创造性地去解决问题(完成任务)
The message conveyed in the picture is clear. In pursuing a dream, we might focus on only the traditional way of making it come true, forgetting that there may be creative ways. As is shown in the picture, the crow using the straw gets water far earlier than the one following the traditional way of throwing stones. That is to say, some people tend to solve a problem with the same solution once it turns out to be effective, just like the crow on the right. Accustomed to the conventional way, they fail to take other alternatives into consideration, let alone trying to be innovative.
立意二：我们应该学会使用更高效的方法或工具去解决问题(完成任务)
The picture conveys us a message that we should use more effective and easier way to achieve our goals, and we should not always use the old ways. Although we can also achieve our goals by using difficult ways, like the bird puts stones into the bottle, it is a waste of time and energy.
立意三：我们应该学会使用恰当的方法去解决问题(完成任务)
The picture conveys a message that we should choose the proper measure when finishing tasks. The bird dropping stones is hard-working indeed, and it is true that she can get the water in her way. However, why does she work so hard if there are straws?
立意四：我们应该学会使用不同的方法去解决问题(完成任务)
When we do the same work, there are various ways. The bird using a straw gets a quick way to drink, while the other bird can also get its water when there are enough stones in the bottle. Though the bird with stones may be slower in getting the drinking water, his way is still good.
圆图：要求考生结合描图、解图的内容，再强调主旨，力求使文章完整、有力。

最终使结尾起到升华观点、画龙点睛的作用。

1. To come to a conclusion, we should make full use of ways at hand with creative mind which means we are supposed to focus on approaches which are more efficient. No matter how “thirsty” we are, we should always try to find a “straw” first.
2. Why not make things easier just by changing an easy method? With the rapid development of the society, we are requested to do things fast and effective, so we don’t have time to waste. We
should always remember to search for a more effective and easier way before we start to achieve our goals.
3. In my opinion, it is wise for us to choose the most suitable measure and make full use of the tools we can get when finishing tasks. Only in this way can we do our work successfully and achieve perfection.
4. In real life, we are sometimes too stubborn and just refuse to try out other ways of doing things. We should know clearly that a lot of ways are there for us to discover. Only when we accept various methods of doing things and living like the clever birds can we live an easier life.
学生考场作文点评
As is shown in the picture, a crow has been flying back and forth, picking stones and throwing them into a half-filled jar. However, on the edge of the other jar stands another crow, drinking the water at ease with a straw, which proves to be more efficient and less time-consuming.
The cartoon, directly and humorously, tries to convey that we should keep a creative and open mind at all times in our lives. As is often the case, people tend to tackle a problem with the same solution once it turns out to be effective, just like the crow on the right. Accustomed to the conventional way, they fail to take other alternatives into consideration, let alone trying to be innovative. However, as time goes by, ideas that used to be creative may go out of date and should be replaced with fresh ones. Therefore, by no means should we be confined by conventions or routines. Instead, we should learn from the crow on the left, which is more open-minded and makes the most of a “modern device”—a straw.
So stay creative. Stay hungry for changes. Only when we “think outside the box” and try out some new approaches can we keep up to date with the ever-changing world and will a new realm of possibilities open up to us.
点评：本篇作文为一档文14分。

全文结构清晰，立意鲜明、准确，将漫画的要素以及要素之间的关系与现实生活有效的建立联系。

语言表达连贯，逻辑关系紧密，恰当地使用了连接成分，所用句式和词汇较丰富和高级，结尾有升华和力度，展现了作者较强的语言综合运用能力。

真题再现
请根据下面提示，写一篇短文。

词数不少于50.
In your spoken English class, your teacher shows you the following picture. You are asked to describe the picture and explain how you understand it.
描图部分要点：
本篇漫画的“主角”为事物：两栋高楼、一棵树。

但是“描图”不能纯粹“客观”，要为下文解图以及联系实际作铺垫，以便下文引出观点。

观察漫画的特点：两栋楼挨得很近，没有给树的生长留下足够的空间，树面对“困境”没有放弃，而是排除困难，努力向上。

图中的太阳象征“目标”、“成功”。

因此可以先描述树的生长环境，然后用while/ however等转折词写出树的选择。

解图部分要点
结合图画，联系实际阐明对我们的启示：在现实生活中每个人都难免会遇到困难，那么是“知难而退”还是像图中的树一样“迎难而进”呢？由此谈笔者的看法。

满分作文：
In the picture, a tree is planted between two strangely-shaped buildings. Despite the fact that the two buildings are blocking the tree’s growth, the tree is still growing around the edges of the buildings in order to reach the open sky and sunlight.
I think that a lot can be learnt from the strong-willed tree in the picture. Not only does the tree not give up in the face of difficulty, it also manages to handle the annoying situation skillfully. We are all bound to meet with problems and challenges in our daily lives. Some give up while some others choose to adopt a positive attitude and come up with the best solution. Those are the ones sure to succeed.
If any difficulty tries to get in our way, we ought to shout “We won’t give up!” and do our best to solve it. Only in this way can we taste the sweet air and sunshine, just like the tree in the picture.
官方范文：
In the picture, between two closely-located buildings grows a big tree. Unlike most trees, this one bends in the middle, struggling all the way up to get more sunshine.
The picture reminds me of those who succeed in unfavorable conditions. Faced with difficulties, they never give up but try their best to find a way out. Life can be hard. But if we have the courage and determination, we will finally get the sunshine we want as the tree in the picture does.。