湖北省宜昌市高中英语Unit4BodylanguagePartIIIGrammar学案无答案新人教版必修

Unit 4 Body language
PartIII Grammar V-ing作状语
一.【学习目标】学习并掌握分词作状语的用法。

二.【自主预习】
V-ing 形式由“do＋ing” 构成, 其否定形式是“not doing”, V-ing 可以带宾语或状语构成 V-ing 短语, 没有人称和数的变化, 但有时态和语态的变化。

一．作定语
V-ing 形式可以单独充当名词的前置修饰语, 这时有两种情况。

1) V-ing形式表示“供作......之用”的意思, 这类作定语的V-ing形式过去叫动名词。

(1) A swimming pool= a pool for swimming
(2) In the following years he worked even harder. 在后来的几年中，他学习更努力了。

(3) The man speaking to the teacher is our monitor's father.正与老师谈话的那个人是我们班长的父亲。

2) V-ing形式表示“......的” 意思, 过去叫现在分词, V-ing形式短语作定语时一般放在它所修饰的名词之后, 相当于一个定语从句。

(1) A sleeping child=a child who is sleeping
(2) working people=people _________________________
(3) the rising sun= the sun ________________________
(4) They are visitors coming from several countries.
=They are visitors _________________________________several countries
(5)The boy standing there is a classmate of mine.
=The boy _____________________ is a classmate of mine.
二．作状语
现在分词在语法功能上相当于动词、形容词和副词。

现在分词通常和逻辑主语之间存在主动关系。

但要注意它地各种形式变化：现在分词作状语往往和逻辑主语之间存在主动关系。

现在分词作状语，常常用来表示原因、时间、方式、结果、条件、伴随状况等。

现在分词一般不用作表目的地状语（通常用不定式表目的地状语）。

1) Hearing the bell, the students began to enter the classroom. 听见铃声，学生们开始走进教室。

（听见和进入两个动作同时发生）
2) Having done the work, he went home. 完成了工作，他就回家了。

( 做和回家两个动作有先后关系）
1. 表时间状语
1）Walking in the street, I came across an old friend of mine.(=When I was walking in the street, I came across an old friend of mine.)在街道上散步，我遇到了我的一个朋友。

2）________________________________, he read a copy of China Daily.(=While he was waiting for the bus, he read a copy of China Daily. (在等候公共汽车的时候)
3）________________________, he got frightened.= When he heard the news, he got frightened. (听到这个消息)
2. 表原因状语
1）Being poor, he couldn’t afford a TV set.=Because of being poor , he couldn’t afford a TV set.由于贫穷，他买不起电视机。

2）Being injured by a car, he didn’t go to school.(=as he was injured by
a car，he didn’t go to school)由于被车撞伤，他没有上学。

3）_________________________________, I called him.(As I thought he might be at home, I called him.) (由于想到它或许在家)
3. 表方式、伴随情况的状语
作伴随状语的分词表示的动作，必须是主语的一个动作，或是与谓语所表示的动作（或状态）同时发生，或是对谓语表示的动词（或状态）作进一步地补充说明。

1) Four people entered the room, _____________________________ in a curious way.= Four people enter the room and looked around in a curious way.四个人走进房间，好奇地看着四周。

2) The boy sat in front of the farm-house, cutting the branch.（伴随）这个孩子坐在农房前，削着树枝。

3）He came，__________________to tell me the news.（方式）他来了，跑回来告诉我这个消息。

4）_______________________，they went into the classroom.=They went into the classroom with laughing and talking他们笑着谈着走进了教室。

5）He stood leaning against the wall.(＝He stood and leaned against the wall.) 他斜靠(lean)着墙站着。

4. 表结果
1）The child slipped and fell, hitting his head against the door.（结果）这个孩子滑了一下，摔倒了，头撞在了门上。

2）The enemy opened the fire, _____________________. (kill, 打死其中一个士兵)
3) Her mother died in 1990, leaving her with her younger brother.(=Her mother died in 1990, and left her with her younger brother.)她的母亲1990 年去世了，留下她和年幼的弟弟。

3）The song is sung all over the country，________________the most popular song 全国到处在传唱这首歌曲，使它成了一首最受欢迎的歌曲。

5. 表条件
1）Using your head, you’ll find a good way.= if you use your head，you’ll find a good way，如果你动动脑筋，你会想出一个好办法。

2）______________________, you’ll surely succeed=If you work hard，you’ll surely succeed 如果你努力工作，你会成功的。

3）Walking ahead，you will see a white house.=If you work ahead，you’ll see
a white house 一直往前走，你就会看到一座白色地房子。

6. 独立主格结构：V-ing作状语，其逻辑主语须与主句主语保持一致。

若不一致，
V-ing须另带主语，从而构成复合结构的形式作状语。

这种结构称为“独立结构”。

独立主格结构本身不是句子，在句子中作状语，表示时间、原因、条件、伴随、目的等。

独立主格结构基本构成形式：名词/代词主格+V-ing
1）I waiting for the bus, a bird fell on my heard。

我等汽车时，一只鸟落到我头上。

(V-ing形式作状语时, 它的逻辑主语必须与主句的主语是一致的。

分词的逻辑主语是I, 而句子的主语是a bird , 两者不构成主谓关系, 所以只能用独立主格结构, 也就是给现在分词补充一个主语。

)
2）______________________, we'll do another two exercises. 如果时间允许，我们将做另两个练习。

4）(With）the lights burning, he fell asleep. 他点着灯睡着了。

5）____________________ , I will pay a visit to the whole city. 天气允许的话
思考：_________________________, we began our holiday. 考试结束了
7. 记忆口诀:
分词作状语，主语是问题。

逗号前后两动作，共用一主语。

主语找出后，再来判关系。

主动用-ing, 被动用-ed.
Having done 表先后，千万要牢记。

三.【课内达标】
I. Multiple Choice:
1. I was told that there were about 50 foreign students _____ Chinese in the school , m
most _____ were from Germany.
A. study; of whom
B. study; of them
C. studying; of
them D. studying; of whom
2. Don’t sit there ________ nothing. Come and help me with this table.
A. do
B. to do
C. doing
D. and doing
3. —Come on, please give me some ideas about the project.
—Sorry. With so much work ____ my mind, I almost break down.
A. filled
B. filling
C. to fill
D. being filled
4. —Can I smoke here?
—Sorry. We don’t allow ______ here.
A. people smoking
B. people smoke
C. to smoke
D. smoking
5. _________with the developed countries, some African countries are left far behind in terms of people’s living standard.
pare
B. To compare
C. Compared
D. Comparing
6. The bell _______ the end of the period rang, ______ our heated discussion.
A. indicating; interrupting
B. indicated; interrupting
C. indicating; interrupted
D. indicated; interrupted
7. _______ such heavy pollution already, it may now be too late to clean up the river.
A. Having suffered
B. Suffering
C. To suffer
D. Suffered
8. Alt hough ______ from morning till night, his father didn’t get enough food.
A. working
B. worked
C. to work
D. being working
II.完成句子
1._________________________ that coastal city, I have no desire to visit it . (see) 看完那个海滨城市的照片之后，我就不再想去看它了。

2._____________________________, so your parents will not probably allow you to play computer games. (draw) 期末考试越来越近，你的父母可能不会再允许你玩电脑游戏了。

3._______________________________, he must be an actor. (judge) 从外表看，他一定是个演员
4.You see her step back______________________________.(appear) 你看她后退表现的很吃惊。

5.They are visitors ______________________________.(come) 他们是来自于不同国家的游客。

6.___________________________________, I realized my mistake. (talk)
和约翰谈话之后，我一时到了自己的错误。

7.________________________ ____________ , he waved again and again to me. (leave) 离开车站的时候，他向我频频挥手。

8. The snow lasted a week, ________________________serious traffic confusion in the whole city.
雪下了一个星期，造成了整个城市交通瘫痪。

四、[课堂小结]
我学会了______________________________________________________________________ 我还不会______________________________________________________________________。