汉译英短文翻译16页word文档

合集下载
  1. 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性,平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
  2. 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
  3. 3、如文档侵犯您的权益,请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间:9:00-18:30)。

汉译英短文翻译
1
近年来,中国城市化进人加速阶段,取得了极大的成就,同时也出现了种种错综复杂的问题。

今天的城乡建设速度之快、规模之大、耗资之巨、涉及面之广、尺度之大等已远非生产力低下时期所能及,建筑已成为一种重大的经济活动。

(102字)
难点注释:
1)城市化urbanization
2)加速阶段an accelerating phase
3)错综复杂的问题some complicated problems
4)远非?一所能及surpass
5)重大的经济活动a major economic pursuit
2
世界各地有3,600万人染上了艾滋病—这比整个澳大利亚的人口还多。

目前,艾滋病是全球第4大死因,而在非洲则是头号罪魁。

在非洲,艾滋病使工人丧失工作,使家庭丧失经济来源,使父母丧失孩子。

在7个非洲国家中,巧岁至49岁的人口中艾滋病病毒感染者占到20%以上。

(119字)
难点注释:
1)染上艾滋病suffer from AIDS
2)头号罪魁the chief culprit
3)使……丧失deprive of
4)艾滋病病毒感染者people infected with HIV
3
当今中国,对传真机的使用已十分普及,并成为现代重要的通讯终端设备。

据一项调查显示,2019年,中国市场对传真机的需求量约为200万台,国内产量仅满足了约30%的需求,进口机占据市场的主导地位。

(89字)
难点注释:
1)传真机fax machines
2)通讯终端设备telecommunications terminal equipment
3)占主导地位dominate
4
2000年,美国数码相机的销量达到惊人的510万台,而2019年只有310万台。

数码相机的流行其原因非常简单:成像质量好且花费少。

此外,使用数码相机还能省去不少麻烦。

你不用买胶卷,所有的照片都被存在可反复使用的存储卡上。

一按快门,就可以马上在液晶显示屏上观察照片的效果。

(124字)
难点注释:
1)数码相机digital camera
2)可反复使用的存储卡reusable memo叮cards
3)按快门press the shutter
4)液晶显示屏the LCD screen
5
由于历史、政治和经济上的原因,全世界讲英语、用英语的人为数最多。

但是英语之所以能在全球流行,除了上述原因之外,也和英语自身的一些特性和特点不无相关。

其中最重要的一点就是英语特别容易接受和适应—英语中的词汇吸收了全世界几乎所有主要语言的材料。

(113字)
难点注释:
1)流行popularity
2)自身特性和特点qualities and characteristics in itself
3)不无相关have to do with
4)容易接受和适应receptive and adaptable
5)吸收take into
6
多年来,家长和老师都曾得到过这样一种信息:尽量利用任何机会表扬孩子,对他们所干的任何事情都要说好—据说这样做有助于提高孩子的自尊。

但是近年来许多教育家和儿童心理学家正在得出一种完全相反的结论,他们认为对孩子往往少一些赞扬为好。

(113字)
难点注释:
1)得到信息get the message
2)尽量利用任何at almost any opportunity
3)自尊self-esteem
4)儿童心理学家child psychologist
5)得出完全相反的结论drawing a completely different conclusion
7
会议期间,有3个问题受到了特别重视,它们是:加强和巩固农业在国民经济中的地位和作用,提高农民收人;调整和改进产业结构,改进和加快区域性经济发展;努力工作,加快下岗工人就业和再就业步伐,改善社会保障制度。

(100字)
难点注释:
1)受到特别重视be highlighted for special attention
2)加强和巩固consolidate and strengthen
3)调整和改进readjust and optimize
4)区域性经济regional economies
5)下岗工人laid-off workers
8
当今世界的竞争是人才的竞争。

因此,党中央决定从海外我们的留学生中,从香港、澳门、台湾吸收和利用人才来加强我们在世界上的竞争能力。

引进这些人才的重点是那些开放程度越来越大、竞争越来越激烈的部门,比如说银行、保险等行业,以及国有大型企业的管理层。

(120字)难点注释:1)人才talented professionals.
2)海外留学生overseas students
3)吸收和利用人才absorb and make use of
4)引进人才introduce talented people from outside
5)银行、保险业banking,insurance industry
6)国有大型企业large state-owned enterprise
9
我们中国是世界上最大的国家之一,它的领土和整个欧洲的面积差不多相等。

在这个广大的领土之上,有广大的肥田沃地给我们以衣食之源;有纵横全国的大小山脉,生长了广大的森林,贮藏了丰富的矿产;有很多的江河湖泽,给我们以舟揖和灌溉之利;有很长的海岸线,给我们以交通海外各民族的方便。

(136字)
难点注释:
1)广大的肥田沃地large areas of fertile land
2)给我们以衣食之源provide us with food and clothing
3)纵横全国的大小山脉mountain ranges across its len妙and breadth
4)广大的森林,丰富的矿产with extensive forests and rich mineral deposits
5)给我们以舟揖和灌溉之利provide us with water transport and irrigation
6)交通海外各民族的方便facilitate communication with nations beyond the seas
10
温哥华的辉煌是温哥华人的智慧和勤奋的结晶,其中包括多民族团体所作的贡献。

加拿大地广人稀,国土面积比中国还大,人口却不足3000万。

温哥华则是加拿大最大的多民族城市。

现今的180万温哥华居民中,有一半不是本地出生的,而平均每4个居民中就有一个是亚洲人。

(120字)
难点注释:
1)温哥华Vancouver
2)多民族团体multi-ethnic groups
3)智慧和勤奋的结晶a crystallization of the wisdom and diligence,此处可根据上下文进行转换调整:the prosperity is attributed to the wisdom and diligence of the people
4)地广人稀a vast,under-populated country
5)不是本地出生的not born locally
11
人体是由各种类型的细胞构成的,这些细胞多达50万亿,它们之间相互联系,相互依赖。

如果丧失其中的某些细胞,比如说失去构成整条腿的细胞,将会严重影响其余所有肌体组织;而像心脏或肾脏之类的器官,哪怕相对较少的细胞受到严重损害,也可能会最终导致所有50万亿细胞的死亡。

(128字)
难点注释:
1)万亿trillion
2)相互联系,相互依赖interrelated and interdependent
3)影响其余的所有肌体组织handic即all the rest of the organism
4)最终导致end by...,lead to...
l2
不同的篇章、体裁在直译与意译的趋向程度上往往有所不同。

一般来说,文献类和新闻报道的翻译多采用直译,因为翻译这类文献关键在于译文的准确性;而对诗歌散文、戏剧电影、小说传记等以情动人的作品,翻译时应多采用意译,以充分再现原文的意境情趣。

(115字)
难点注释:
1)直译与意译literal translation and free translation
2)不同程度地to some extent
3)多采用be preferable to(something)
4)文献literatures,documents
5)关键在于the crux lies in
6)以情动人的作品emotional works
7)原文的意境情趣the right mood and flavor of the original works
13
从20世纪中叶到21世纪中叶的一百年间,中国人民的一切奋斗,则是为了实现祖国的富强、人民的富裕和民族的伟大复兴。

这个历史伟业,我们党领导全国人民已经奋斗了五十年,取得了巨大的进展,再经过五十年的奋斗,也必将胜利完成。

(105字)
难点注释:
1)20世纪中叶the mid-20th century
2)奋斗endeavor
3)民族的伟大复兴the nation immensely rejuvenated
4)历史伟业historic cause
14
中国的体育运动经历了几千年的发展,但直到1949年中华人民共和国成立后才成为国家的事业。

目前,
一个全国范围的体育运动网已经建立起来,这方面的开支也被列人国家预算之中。

在过去的五十年中,由于体育工作者和体育运动员的共同努力,我国的体育运动取得了可喜的成绩。

(123字)
难点注释:
1)经历undergo
2)国家的事业an undertaking of the state
3)体育运动网network for physical culture
4)列人国家预算include in the state budget
5)可喜的成绩gratifying achievement
15
展望新世纪初的国内外形势,未来五到十年,是我国经济和社会发展极为重要的时期。

世界新科技革命迅猛发展,经济全球化趋势增强,许多周边国家正在加快发展。

所有这些既对我们提出了严峻挑战,也为我们提供了迎头赶上、实现跨越式发展的历史性机遇。

(127字)
难点注释:
1)极为重要的时期an extremely important period
2)全球化趋势the economic globalization trend
3)周边国家neighboring countries
4)严峻挑战severe challenge
5)跨越式发展development by leaps and bounds
16
森林给人提供木材,还能调节气候、保持水土、防风固沙、改善水质、防烟防尘、消毒杀菌、减少噪声、美化环境、维持及改善生态平衡。

如果没有绿色植物不断制造氧气和吸收有害的气体,人类就无法生存。

人们的健康与空气的优劣有关,而空气的优劣又与森林的多少有关。

(122字)
难点注释:
1)调节气候regulate climate
2)保持水土conserve water and soil
3)防风固沙wall off wind,fix sands
4)消毒杀菌sterilize(purify)the air
5)生态平衡ecological balance
17
许多树木都能吸收空气中的有害物质和致癌物质。

林区空气中的细菌数量只有无林区的百分之一,而百货商店内每立方米空气中则含有四百多万个细菌。

绿化区可以使噪音减弱四分之一左右。

森林上空和附近的空气的含水量比无林地区多百分之十至二十。

(112字)
难点注释:
1)致癌物质cancer-causing substances
2)每立方米per cubic meter
3)含水量moisture content
18
到2020年,全世界癌症的发病率有可能增加50个百分点,每年可能将出现1500万新病例。

世界健康组织全球癌症报告指出,如果不采取积极的预防措施,这样的趋势将无法避免。

因为这是从已经形成的生活习惯—例如抽烟—滋生出来的。

(101字)
难点注释:
1)癌症的发病率cancer rate
2)世界健康组织The World Health Organization
3)无法避免inevitable
19
生物学家发现,每年有10万多只信天翁被渔船杀死。

如果不采取紧急措施,几十年之后,大部分的信天翁种类都会灭绝。

信天翁有极强的耐力和航海能力,能够绕地球飞行几圈而不着陆。

它们一生的行程约有一千多万英里,相当于往返地球与月球之间50次。

(112字)
难点注释:
1)信天翁albatross
2)紧急措施urgent action
3)灭绝extinguish,be wiped out
4)耐力endurance
20
据研究人员统计,接下来的几十年,欧洲人口将持续减少。

目前欧盟国家的妇女平均生1.5个孩子,而为了保持人口替代率,每个妇女至少要生两个孩子。

即便从现在开始妇女增加生育数量,人口减少的趋势仍将持续几十年,因为他们的下一代中愿意成为父母的人比这一代的要少。

(122字)
难点注释:
1)持续减少continue to decline
2)替代率replacement rate
3)人口减少的趋势the tendency to population decline
答案
1
In recent years,urbanization in China has stepped into an accelerating phase.Amidst magnificent achievements,there have emerged some complicated problems. The crux is that the cities and the countryside are developing at such a rapid rate,on such a large scale,with such enormous capital,in such a vast extent that they have surpassed any historical period China has ever witnessed before. Virtually,building construction has today become a major economic pursuit in China.
2
Throughout the world 36 million people are suffering from AIDS,which is more than the whole population of Australia. At present,AIDS is the fourth leading cause of death in the whole world,and the chief culprit in Africa. In Africa,it deprives jobs of the workers,families of incomings and children of their parents. In seven African countries,more than 20 percent of the 15-to-49-year-old population is infected with HIV.
3
In today's China,fax machines have been widely used as a popular and important modern telecommunications terminal equipment. According to a study,in 2019,Chi-na needed about 2 million fax machines,but the country only satisfied about 30% of the demand with the market dominated by the imported ones.
4
Digital cameras sold an astonishing 5.1 million throughout the US in 2000,up from 3.1 million in 2019. These cameras are getting popular for a good and simple reason:they take better pictures for less money. Digital cameras have always offered convenience. You don't have to buy films because all your images are saved on reusable memory cards. Press the shutter and you can review your shot immediately on the LCD screen.
5
The English language is spoken or read by the largest number of people in the world for historical,political,and economic reasons. But it may also be true that the popularity of English language has much to do with some qualities and characteristics in itself. First and most important is its extraordinarily receptivity and adaptability-it has taken materials into its own vocabulary from almost all major languages in the world.
6
For years,parents and teachers got the message that children should be praised at almost any opportunity,that saying“good job”for everything they do,as they believe,helps raise their self-esteem. But many educators and child psychologists are drawing a completely different conclusion:less praise is often better for their children.
7
During the meeting,three aspects have been highlighted for special attention over next. They are:consolidate and strengthen the fundamental role of agriculture in the national economy and increase farmers' income;readjust and optimize the industrial structure for the promotion of coordinated development of regional economies;work hard to boost employment and the reemployment of laid-off workers,and improve the social security network.
8
In today's world,competition among states is mainly a competition among talentedprofessionals. Therefore,it is a decision adopted by the CPC Central Committee to fully absorb and make use of the talented people among our overseas students and among the professionals in Hongkong,Macao and Taiwan. This will help us strengthen our competitive edge. The departments that would introduce talented people from outside are those that are exposed to increasingly fierce competition and that are open wider to the outsider world,such as banking,insurance industry,large state-owned enterprises,etc.
9
China is one of the largest countries in the world,her territory being about the size of the whole of Europe. In the vast country of ours there are large areas of fertile land which provide us with food and clothing,mountain ranges across its length and breadth with extensive forests and rich mineral deposits,many rivers and lakes which provide us with water transport and irrigation,and a long coastline which facilitates communication with nations beyond the seas.
10
V ancouver's prosperity is attributed to the wisdom and diligence of the people living in Vancouver,including the contribution made by multi-ethnic groups. Canada is a vast,under-populated country with a land area larger than that of China and a population of less than 30 million and Vancouver is the largest multi-ethnic city in the country. Among its 1.8 million residents,half were not born locally and there is on an average one Asian out of four residents.
11
A man body is composed of 50 trillion cells of a variety of types,all interrelated and interdependent. Loss of some of those cells,such as those making up an entire leg,will seriously handicap all the rest of the organism,and serious damage to a relatively few cells in an organ,such as the heart or kidneys,may end by killing all 50 trillion.
12
Different discourses or styles tend to focus on different stresses so,to some extent,need different translating ways. Generally speaking,literal translation is preferable to free translation in translating literatures,for the crux of these literatures lies in accura-cy. On the other hand,free translation is more suitable than literal translation in translating some emotional works such as poetry,prose,drama,film,novels,autobiography,etc.,so as to reproduce the right mood and flavor of the original works.
13
All endeavors by the Chinese people for the 100 years from the mid-20th to the mid-21st century are for the purpose of making our motherland strong,the people prosperous and the nation immensely rejuvenated. Our Party has led the entire Chinese people in carrying forward this historic cause for 50 years and made tremendous progress,and it will successfully attain the objective through hard work in the coming 50 years.
14
China's sports have undergone several thousand years of development. But they were not regarded as an
undertaking of the state until 1949,when the People's Republic of China was founded. Now a nation-wide network for physical culture has been set up and expenditure on this field has been included in the state budget. With the concerted efforts of sports workers and athletes,gratifying achievements have been made in physical culture and sports in the past 50 years.
15
Looking ahead at the situation at home and abroad at the beginning of the 21st century,it can be said that the next five to ten years will be an extremely important period for China's economic and social development. The worldwide new scientific and technological revolution is progressing rapidly with great momentum. The economic globalization trend is gaining strength. Many neighboring countries are accelerating their development. All this serves as a severe challenge as well as a historic opportunity for us to strive to catch up and achieve development by leaps and bounds.
16
Apart from providing people with timber,forests help regulate climate,conserve water and soil,wall off wind,fix sands,improve water quality,keep away smoke and dust,sterilize(purify)the air,reduce noise,beautify surroundings,maintain and improve ecological balance. Man would not be able to exist without green plants producing oxygen and absorbing harmful gases all the time. Man's health is closely related to thequality of the air,which in turn is decided by the size(extent)of forests.
17
Many kinds of trees can absorb poisonous and cancer-causing substances in the air. The amount of bacteria in a forest area makes up but 1%of that in a deforested area,while the air in a department store contains more than 4 million bacteria per cubic meter. A tree-covered area may reduce noise by a quarter. Moisture content in the air above or around a forest is 10%-20% more than that of the places devoid of forest.
18
Cancer rates worldwide could increase by 50 percent by 2020,reaching 15 million new cases a year. The World Health Organization's World Cancer Report says that if no preventive measures are taken increases of this order are inevitable because they stem from habits-such as smoking-that are already established.
19
Biologists have discovered that fishing fleets are eliminating more than 100, 000 albatrosses every year. In a couple of decades most species will be wiped out unless urgent action is taken. Albatrosses are capable of astonishing feats of endurance and navigation,and can fly round the world several times without stopping on land. During their lives,they fly more than 10 million miles,the equivalent of 50 return trips to the moon.
20
According to researchers' estimate,Europe's population will continue to decline for decades. At present 1 .5 babies are born for every European Union woman,when two births are required for the population“replacement rate”to be maintained. Even if women started to have more children again,the tendency to population decline would continue for decades,as there will be fewer parents in the next generation than in this one.
练习 1 •中国将进一步发展经济、扩大开放,这对海外企业(enterprises)意味着更多的商机。

改革开放以来, 中国企业与海外企业一直积极开展经济技术合作,并取得了巨大成就。

海外企业不仅帮助了中国企业的成长, 而且也在合作中获得了收益。

中国政府将继续提供有利的政策和条件,推动中国企业与国外企业进一步开展合作。

China will develop its economy further and open itself wider to the outside world, which offers more business oppo rtunities to overseas enterprises. SinceChina’s reform and opening up, Chinese enterprises have been cooperating with overseas enterprises in terms of economy and technology, and have scored great achievement. Overseas enterprises have not only helped Chinese enterprises
with their growth, but also benefited from the cooperation. Chinese government will continue to offer favorable pol icies and conditions to promote the further cooperation between Chinese and overseas enterprises.
练习 2•狮舞(Lion Dance)是中国最广为流传的民间舞蹈之一。

狮为百兽之首,在中国传统中,狮子被视为是能带来好运的吉祥物(mascot)。

古人将狮子视作是勇敢和力量的化身,能驱赶邪恶、保护人类。

据记载,狮舞已拥有了2,000多年的历史。

在唐代(the Tang Dynasty),狮舞就已经被引入了皇室。

因此,舞狮成为元宵节(the Lantern Festival)和其他节日的习俗,人们以此来祈祷好运、平安和幸福。

Key 2
• The Lion Dance is one of the most widespread folk dances in China. The lion is the king of animals. In Chinese tradition, the lion is regarded as a mascot, which can bring good luck. Ancient people regarded the lion as a symbol of braveness and strength, which could drive away evil and protect humans. The dance has a recorded history of mo re than 2,000 years. During the Tang Dynasty, the Lion Dance was already introduced into the royal family of the d ynasty. Therefore, performing the lion dance at the Lantern Festival and other festive occasions became a custom w here people could pray for good luck, safety and happiness.
练习 3 •假日经济的现象表明:中国消费者的消费观正在发生巨大变化。

根据统计数据,中国消费者的消费需求正在从基本生活必需品转向对休闲、舒适和个人发展的需求。

同时,中国人的消费观在蓬勃发展的假日经济中正变得成熟。

因此产品结构应做相应调整,来适应社会的发展。

另一方面, 服务质量要改善,以满足人们提高生活质量的要求。

Key 3 • The phenomenon of holiday economy shows that Chinese people’s consumption concept is undertaking great changes. According to statistics, the demands of Chinese consumers are shifting from the basic necessities of life to leisure, comfort and personal development. Therefore, the structure of products should be adjusted accordingly to adapt to social development. On the other hand, services should be impr oved to satisfy people’s demand for an improved quality of life.
练习 4
•端午节,又叫龙舟节,是为了纪念爱国诗人屈原。

屈原是一位忠诚和受人敬仰的大臣(minister),他给国家带来了和平和繁荣。

但最后因为受到诽谤(vilify)而最终投河自尽。

人们撑船到他自尽的地方,抛下粽子, 希望鱼儿吃粽子,不要吃屈原的身躯。

几千年来,端午节的特色在于吃粽子(glutinous dumplings)和赛龙舟,尤其是在一些河湖密布的南方省份。

Key 4
• The Duanwu Festival, also called the Dragon Boat Festival, is to commemorate the patriotic poet Qu Yuan. Qu Yu an was a loyal and highly esteemed minister, who brought peace and prosperity to the state but ended up drowning himself in a river as a result of being vilified. People got to the spot by boat and cast glutinous dumplings into the w ater, hoping that the fishes ate the dumplings instead of Qu Yuan’s body. For thousands of years, the festival has been marked by glutinous dumplings and dragon boat races, especia lly in the southern provinces where there are many rivers and lakes.
练习 5
• 2019年6月20日在中国各地,剧估计60万儿童和他们的老师观看了有宇航员(astronaut)王亚平在距离地球300公里的上空所讲授的科学课。

王亚平与两个同事乘坐天宫一号实验舱(the Tiangon-1 laboratory module) 执行为期两周的任务。

她在课上进行了一系列太空的物理演示。

在有些演示中还对比了在地球上重力(one-gravity)环境下同样的实验。

这堂物理课不仅让孩子们享受了一堂知识与乐趣兼具的物理课,也显示了我国通信科技的前进。

Key 5
• On June 20, 2019, an estimated 600 thousand school children and their teachers across China watched a science lesson taught from 300km above the Earth by astronaut Wang Yaping. Wang is aboard the Tiangong-1 laboratory m odule with two crewmates, for a two-week mission. Her lessons were a series of physics demonstrations in the spac
e. In some demonstrations, she compared with the same experiment under the one-gravity environment on Earth. T he lesson has not only offered children a physics lesson with knowledge and interest, but also shows the advance in communication technology of China.
(一)
中国的传统节庆膳食是节日必不可少的伴侣。

例如,我国的端午节(theDragonBoatFestival)是纪念古代诗人屈原的日子。

那一天,人们通常要赛龙舟、吃粽子(zongzi)。

中秋节是观赏满月的日子。

圆圆的月亮象征着圆满,象征着家庭团聚。

因此,中秋节(T11e Mid.auttunn Festival)的特制食品是一种圆形的月饼。

春节是中国的农历新年(the Chinese lunar New Year's holiday),除了常见的家禽和肉类之外,人们还要按各自的也方习俗烹制传统食物,如饺子和年糕。

(二)
北京有无数的胡[司(hutong)。

平民百姓在胡同里的生活给古都北京带来了无穷的魅力。

北京的胡同不仅仅是平民百姓的生活环境,而且还是一门建筑艺术。

通常,胡同内有一个大杂院,房间够4到l0个家庭的差不多20口人住。

所以,胡同里的生活充满了友善和人情味。

如今,随着社会和经济的飞速发展,很多胡同被新的高楼大厦所取代。

但愿胡同可以保留下来。

(三)
过去的七年,中国的房地产(real estate)业经历了前所未有的高速增长。

对于那些月薪较低却渴望在大城市拥有一套属于自己的体面、舒适的栖身之所的人来说,高昂的房价是他们无法承受的负担。

鉴于这一状况,政府近来采取了一系列的措施来防止房价过快增长,包括提高利率及增加房产税等。

目前,这些措施在部分城市已经取得了初步的成效。

(四)
如今,越来越多的大学生抱怨很难找到好工作。

造成这一现象的原因如下:首先,大学生把在校的大多数时间都用在了专业学科学习上,只有当他们开始找工作的时候,才意识到自己缺乏必要的职业培训。

其次,大学生之间的竞争也越来越激烈,这导致任何一名大学生找到工作的机会都变小了。

因此,强烈建议大学生在课余时间做一些兼职工作,以积累相关的工作经验。

(五)
剪纸(papercutting)是中国最为流行的传统民间艺术形式之一。

中国剪纸有一千五百多年的历史,在明朝和清朝时期(the Ming and Qing Dynasties)特别流行。

人们常用剪纸美化居家环境,特别是在春节和婚庆期间,剪纸被用来装饰门窗和房间,以增加喜庆的气氛。

剪纸最常用的颜色是红色,象征健康和兴旺。

中国剪纸在世界各地很受欢迎,经常被用作馈赠外国友人的礼物。

(六)
农历八月十五日是中国的传统节日一一中秋节。

传说月亮在这一天最大最圆。

中秋节的传说是非常丰富的,嫦娥(Chang Er)奔月是最为人所熟知的故事。

虽然各地风俗不同,但是赏月是最流行的活动。

每当中秋月亮升起,人们会将月饼、石榴(pomegranate)、枣子等瓜果供于桌案上,全家人围桌而坐,边吃边谈,共赏明月。

(七)
中国经济的高速发展,带来了消费文化的日益流行,同时也催生了一批具有高学历,充分享受资本主义消费模式的年轻人,他们习惯于当月工资当月花。

因而被称为“月光族”(the moonlight group)。

“月光族”一词出现于20世纪90年代后期,是用来讽刺那些出身富裕、接受高等教育、充分享受快餐文化(fast food culture)的年轻人。

(八)
信用卡(credit card)是银行所创造出来的最便捷同时也是最危险的信用工具。

通过信用卡,人们可以先用银行付账的方式购买那些负担不起的物品,同时,银行也将对此征收比一般贷款要高的利率(interest rate)。

遗憾的是,信用卡现已成为资本主义体制(capitalist system)的重要组成部分,而该体制就得依赖消费(consumption)的持续增长。

(九)
对全球的应用程序(app)开发商来说,打入中国,这个世界最大的智能手机(smartphone)市场是非常不容易的。

程序开发商们必须与数十家应用程序零售店(retail store)打交道,政府对这些零售店的监管要比美国宽松。

程序开发商在中国还必须努力避免自己受到“山寨”产品泛滥的冲击,避开各种监管障碍以及中国本地程序开发商的激烈竞争。

(十)
公元220年开始的300年里,中国分成了三个小王国。

一个是魏国,位于中国北部,由曹氏家族(the Ts’ao family)统治。

还有一个王国叫作蜀汉(Shu Han),位于中国的西南部,由刘备统治。

另外一个王国叫作吴国,位于中国的东南部,由孙权(Sun Ch•ua)统治。

中国文化里最伟大的书籍之——《三国演义》(the Romance ofthe Three Kingdoms)就是关于这段时间的。

(十一)
在中国喝茶是一种仪式(ritual),一种精致品味的展示(demonstration)。

喝茶聊天是中国人中最流行的打发时间的方式,过去,他们是以进有名的茶馆(teahouse)而开始一天的生活的。

中国的茶馆相当于法国的咖啡馆和英国的酒馆。

人们到这里不仅是为了喝茶,也是为了议论当地的新闻或对政治话题进行激烈的讨论。

(十二)
苏州街原称买卖街(Merchants Street),乾隆时(Emperor Qianlong’s reign)仿江南水乡(SouthChina towns)而建,是专供清代帝后逛市游览的的一条水街,一八六零被英法联军(Angl0—FrenchAllied Forces)焚毁,一九九零年在遗址上复建。

街全长三百余米,以水当街,以岸作市,沿岸设有茶馆、酒楼、药房、钱庄、帽店、珠宝铺、点心铺(grocery store)等六十多个铺面,集中展现了十八世纪中国江南的商业文化氛围。

(十三)
中西方饮食习惯(eating habits)存在极大的差异。

不同于西方那种每人一盘食物的饮食习惯,在中国,菜肴是被放在饭桌上让大家共同分享是。

如果你在中国主人家做客,就要做好有一大桌子食物的心理准备。

中国人对于自己的烹饪文化(culture of cuisine)感动非常自豪。

而且有时候,中国主人会用他们的筷子把食物夹到你的碗里或盘子中。

这是礼貌的体现。

(十四)
中国将进一步发展经济、扩大开放,这对海外企业(enterprises)意味着更多的商机。

改革开放以来,中国企业与海外企业一直积极开展经济技术合作,并取得了巨大成就。

海外企业不仅帮助了中国企业的成长,而且也在合作中获得了收益。

中国政府将继续提供有利的政策和条件,推动中国企业与国外企业进一步开展合作。

(十五)
狮舞(Lion Dance)是中国最广为流传的民间舞蹈之一。

狮为百兽之首,在中国传统中,狮子被视为是能带来好运的吉祥物(mascot)。

古人将狮子视作是勇敢和力量的化身,能驱赶邪恶、保护人类。

据记载,狮舞已拥有了2,000多年的历史。

在唐代(the Tang Dynasty),狮舞就已经被引入了皇室。

因此,舞狮成为元宵节(the Lantern Festival)和其他节日的习俗,人们以此来祈祷好运、平安和幸福。

(十六)
白色污染指的是塑料污染(plastic pollution)。

不可回收的(unrecyclable)塑料午餐盒沿途到处都是。

塑料购物袋在空中飞扬。

如果我们继续使用这些会发生什么呢?有一天,它们会将我们埋葬在白色垃圾堆中。

那时的地球—我们共同的家园将成为一个垃圾桶(dustbin)。

为防止这个噩梦成为现实,政府间应该互相紧密合作并将口头承诺付诸实际行动。

同时,我们应当从自身做起,为绿色环保出一份力。

(十七)
端午节(the Duanwu Festival),也叫龙舟节(the Dragon Boat Festival),是中国农历(Chineselunar calendar)的五月初五。

关于这个节日有很多传说,但是最著名是屈原的传说。

屈原是战国(the Warring States PerioD.时期楚国的一位大臣。

他正直,忠诚,因为提出让国家和平繁荣的建议而为人所尊重。

然而,国王的统治让屈原日益心灰意冷,他于农历五月初五自沉汨罗江。

相关文档
最新文档