高一英语期末复习(三)人教实验版

高一英语期末复习（三）人教实验版
【本讲教育信息】
一. 教学内容：
期末复习（三）
1. 语法复习：V. ing形式要点总结
2. 应试技巧：短文改错
二. 重、难点讲解
非谓语动词—— V. ing形式要点总结
V.ing的时态、语态
e.g. Hearing the bell, the students began to enter the classroom. （一般式的主动形式）
The question being discussed now is important. （一般式的被动形式）
Having done the work, he went home. （完成式的主动形式）
Having been given such a good chance, how could he let it pass away?（完成被动）
V.ing形式的主要语法功能
1. V.ing 作主语
Collecting information is very important to teachers.
（1）it作形式主语的情况
e.g. It is no good helping him. He doesn’t help himsel
f.
（2）注意主谓一致
V.ing 形式作主语，谓语动词一般用单数形式。

Planting flowers needs constant watering.
and 连接的多个V.ing形式作主语时，谓语大多用复数；如果前后两个V.ing的语意一致，谓语一般用单数。

Lying and stealing are immoral.
Weeping and wailing does nothing towards solving the problem.哭泣无济于解决问题。

2. V.ing 作宾语
（1）只能用V.ing形式作宾语的动词
避免否定少延期avoid, deny, delay （put off）
建议完成多练习suggest （advise ）, finish, practise
考虑喜欢和想象consider, enjoy, imagine
承认错过应感激admit, miss, appreciate
脱离冒险莫原谅escape, risk, excuse
保持在意不能忍keep, mind, can’t stand
I crossed the street to avoid meeting him. I never enjoying meeting Bert.
Will you admit having broken the window?
（2）allow, advise, forbid, permit 等动词的后面可以接V.ing 作宾语，但有名词、代词作宾语时，则接不定式作宾语补足语
The doctor advised taking a week’s rest.
The doctor advised us to take a week’s rest.
We were advise to take a week’s rest.
（3）有的动词后面既可以接V.ing , 也可以接to do 作宾语，但意义不同。

1）forget to do sth. 忘记要做某事
forget doing sth. 忘记做过某事
2）remember to do sth. 记住要做某事
remember doing sth. 记得做过某事
3）regret to do sth. 遗憾要做某事
regret doing sth. 遗憾/ 后悔做过某事
4）stop to do sth. 停下来去做另一件事
stop doing sth. 停止正在做的事
5）go on to do sth. 继续做另一件事
go on doing 继续做正在做的事
6）try to do sth. 努力/ 试图做某事
try doing sth. 尝试着做某事
7）can’t help to do sth. 不能帮助做某事
can’t help doing 情不自禁地做某事
8）mean to do sth. 打算/ 企图某事
mean doing sth. 意味着做某事
（4）need, want, require 后接V.ing 表示被动。

The TV set needs mending again.
The window needs cleaning.
They really need a good rest.
（5）V.ing 形式作介词的宾语
She went out the room without saying anything.
Mary is good at dancing.
（6）用V.ing 作宾语的常用词组
be used to doing 习惯于做某事
look forward to doing sth. 盼望着做某事
devote to doing sth. 投身于做某事
give up doing sth. 放弃做某事
feel like doing sth. 想要做某事
insist on doing sth. 坚持做某事
thank you for doing sth. 感谢你做某事
be worth doing 做某事很值得
be busy （in）doing 忙于做某事
have difficulty / trouble （in）doing sth. 做某事有困难
spend money / time （in）doing sth. 花钱/ 时间做某事
there is no point / use （in）doing sth. 做某事没有用/没有意义
3. V.ing作定语
（1）V.ing形式作定语时的位置
the suffering people
a swimming pool
an exciting news
a letter offering me the job
a room facing north
（2）V.ing形式作定语，相当于一个定语从句，表示一个正在进行的动作或一个主动的动作。

The police standing there is a friend of mine.
The girl coming to the party this evening is a famous singer.
The ocean and sea surrounding the island are deep blue.
（3）V.ing形式的被动语态（being + 过去分词）表示一个被动、正在进行的动作。

The building being built now is our new library.
（4）V.ing形式的完成式“having + 过去分词”不能作定语。

Do you know anything about the accident having happened yesterday?
Do you know anything about the accident that happened yesterday?
4. V.ing形式作宾语补足语
（1）感官动词see, watch, hear, fee, notice, find等后接V.ing形式作宾语补足语，表示该动作的主动和正在进行。

I heard someone crying at the corner of the street.
（2）have , leave, keep 等使役动词后接V.ing形式作宾补，表示“使……处于某种状态”.
Don’t leave the water running while you brush your teeth.
5. V.ing形式作状语
（1）V.ing形式可以作时间、原因、方式、条件、结果、让步状语。

Leaving the airport, they waved again and again to us.
Believing in my secretary, I left her an important job to do.
He walked down the hill, singing softly to himself.
Staying in the seashore for a time, you will feel fresh.
（2）V.ing形式作状语时应注意：
V.ing形式的逻辑主语要和句子的主语一致。

Using the machine, you should read the instructions first.
Using the machine, the instructions must be read first.
练习：Having been attacked by the terrorists, ___________.
A. doctors came to their rescue
B. the tall building collapsed
C. an emergency measure was taken
D. warning were given to tourists
V.ing 作状语与谓语动词的时间关系
1）V.ing 所表示的动作与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生时，V.ing 用一般式。

Arriving at the station, she found the train had left.
2）V.ing 所表示的动作先于谓语动词表示的动作时，V.ing 用完成式。

Having dressed myself, I went to the office.
a）V.ing 作状语时，前面可用连词when, while, before, after, once 等。

Before making the final decision, you’d better go to the manager for his advice.
After reading the passage, you will be required to answer some questions.
While crossing the street, be careful.
b）V.ing 短语作状语时,与主语之间不能用并列连词or, and, but 等
“You can’t catch me!” the boy shouted, running away.
“You can’t catch me!” the boy shouted, and running away.
“You can’t catch me!” the boy shouted, and ran away.
短文改错题特点及应试技巧
1. 试题特点：短文改错主要考查基本语法知识、文段的行文逻辑，因此短文改错与完形填空、阅读理解一样注重强调整体理解，从宏观上把握。

2. 答题技巧：
（1）改前通读，发现明显错误。

（2）改中细读，发现错误并纠错；短文改错要以句子为单位而不是以行为单位，读到句号为止。

（3）改后复读，还原检查，查漏补缺。

3. 注意事项：
（1）一般不能改动情况
●大小写字母；
●标点符号；
●注有汉字的生词；
●词序。

（2）克服答题不规范失误。

常见错误有：
●只在右边横线上答题，而没有在左边短文上注上标记；
●左边的符号不规范，甚至用文字来说明；
●左边短文中改动的标记过多，难以辨认正误。

【模拟试题】
一. 单项选择
1. According to a recent US survey, children spent up to 25 hours a week _________TV.
A. to watch
B. watch
C. watching
D. to watching
2. She didn’t remember ___ him before.
A. having met
B. have met
C. to meet
D. to having met
3. Many parents do not understand ________ their children like to try new things.
A. who
B. which
C. what
D. why
4. The secretary worked late into the night, ___ a long speech for the president.
A. to prepare
B. preparing
C. prepared
D. prepare
5. —— I posted the letter a week ago.
—— Then they ________ the letter by now. It usually takes four days.
A. must receive
B. can have receive
C. should have receive
D. ought to have received.
6. My sister met him at the Grand Theatre yesterday afternoon, so he ___your lecture.
A. couldn’t have attended
B. needn’t have attended
C. mustn’t have attended
D. shouldn’t have attended
7. She _____ there just now because I heard someone call her name.
A. may be
B. could be
C. could have been
D. might have been
8. She reached the top of the hill and stopped ____ on a big rock.
A. resting
B. to rest
C. rest
D. rested
9. —— Is John coming by train?
—— He should, but he _____ not. He likes driving his car.
A. must
B. can
C. need
D. may
10. Only one of these books is ____.
A. worth to read
B. worth being read
C. worth of reading
D. worth reading
11. —— Need we clean the car every day?
—— Yes, you _________.
A. may
B. could
C. must
D. need
12. ________ life will be like in the future is the topic for today’s class discussion.
A. What
B. That
C. How
D. Why
13. ——Show me your permit, please.
——Oh, it’s not in my pocket. It _____.
A. might fall out
B. could fall out
C. should have fallen out
D. must have fallen out
14. He never did anything in the morning but _________ English.
A. read
B. reading
C. to read
D. to reading
15. Please tell me ________ dictionary you are using.
A. if
B. while
C. whose
D. that
16. The old people are careful about ________ they eat and exercise regularly.
A. what
B. why
C. when
D. which
17. My family _______ large and my family ______ reading.
A. is, enjoy
B. is, enjoys
C. are, enjoy
D. are, enjoys
18. —— Would you like ________ down?
—— No, thank you.
A. sit
B. to sit
C. sitting
D. sits
二. 完形填空
I came home that day with a long face and a broken heart. I had not done well in my math test and other students’ bad comments had made my bad day even worse.
It was my wonderful grandma, of course, who first 36 my long face and called my to her room. After 37 about what had happened, she began to think for a while and then smiled, and this made me feel bad because I thought she was smiling at my problems. I got up to
leave the room but she called me back and told me a 38 that changed my life and gave me back my lost 39 .
Once in a wild green 40 there was a blue pond（池塘）filled with frogs. But in the garden there was also a dried-up well（井）. It did not have a single drop of 41 .
One day Billy Frog and Tilly Frog were playing in the garden 42 suddenly their ball fell into the dry well. After thinking for a while, they decided to get the ball back immediately. All of a sudden, they lost their balance and fell in.
The frogs started crying for 43 and tried their best to get out the well by 44 . Soon their cries were heard and many frogs came to help them but they all 45 . As night began to fall, the frogs started to leave saying that it was 46 to get them out of the well and that they would stay there until they died.
Billy listened to what they were saying and 47 hope. Tilly, however, continued to try. It took her a whole day to jump. Finally she managed to jump 48 enough to get out of the well. She successfully escaped ! She looked down at Billy who looked up at her in surprise.
“You can do it too, Billy!” cried Tilly. “ 49 ! you can make it.” These words of encouragement lifted the spirits of the discouraged frog and he started jumping too. It was difficult, but after a day he also jumped out of the well.
Their story proves that 50 is impossible with a little faith.（信念）
36. A. watched B. observed C. saved D. noticed
37. A. talking B. guessing C. asking D. caring
38. A. story B. joke C. saying D. fact
39. A. schoolbag B. energy C. confidence D. strength
40. A. river B. lake C. forest D. garden
41. A. oil B. water C. rain D. liquid
42. A. when B. while C. which D. where
43. A. life B. food C. help D. mother
44. A. climbing B. flying C. crying D. jumping
45. A. managed B. failed C. stopped D. succeeded
46. A. impossible B. unlucky C. discouraging D. unbelievable
47. A. held out B. filled with C. picked up D. gave up
48. A. long B. deep C. high D. far
49. A. Never mind B. Go on C. Come on D. Come up
50. A. something B. anything C. everything D. nothing
三. 阅读理解
A
SPECIAL EVENTS THIS WEEKEN
Do your children enjoy interesting stories, funny games and exciting dances? Captain Goodfellow will be ready to teach all these things to children of all ages at the City Theatre on Saturday morning at 10:00. Free.
Walking Tour of the Town
Forget your worries on Saturday morning. Take a beautiful walk and learn about local history. Meet at the front entrance of City Hall at 9:30. Wear comfortable shoes!
Films at the Museum
Two European films will be shown Saturday afternoon at the Museum Theater. See Broken Window at 1:30. The workers will be at 3:45. For further information, call 4987898.
International Picnic
Are you tired of eating the same food every day? Come to Central Park on Saturday and enjoy food from all over the world. Delicious and not expensive. Noon to 5:00 P.M.
Take me out to the Ballgame
It’s October, and tonight is your last chance to see the Redbirds this year. Get your tickets at the gate. It might be cold … don’t forget sweaters and jackets.
Do you want to hear “ The Zoo”
“The Zoo”, a popular rock group from Australia, will give their first U.S. concert tomorrow night at 8:00 at Rose Hall City College.
51. You can probably eat Chinese , Italian, and Arab food ________________.
A. at the front entrance of City Hall.
B. at the ballgame
C. at 5:00 P.M.
C. at Central Park on Saturday.
52. If you are going on the Walking Tour, don’t forget ________________.
A. your worries
B. your beautiful clothes.
C. your learning about local history
D. your comfortable shoes.
53.The Redbirds ballgame ____________.
A. is in the afternoon.
B. is in the open.
C. is at the gate.
D. might be boring.
54. “The Zoo” is ___________.
A. a park with lots of animals there.
B. the U.S. concert.
C. a music group.
D. a kind of music.
B
Ten years ago, young students would have been proud to show off a new schoolbag or pencil box at the start of a term. But these days, it’s not eno ugh. If going back to school only means new clothes and backpacks to you, you’re falling out-of-date. Teenagers in big cities now look for all the latest hi-tech things to show off to their classmates. Mobile phones, diskmans （CD players ）, MP3 players, electronic dictionaries —— the list is endless.
“We need to keep in touch with our friends as well as enjoy lives, so my parents understand why I need a mobile phone and a diskman.” Wu said. She often uses her mobile phone to text message to her friends. Like other teenagers, Wu loves to shop in CD stores, searching for new albums by her favorite singers —— Jeff Chang, Jay Chou and Sun Yanzi. As for the Dictaphone, she said she used it in her science classes to play back her teachers’ lectures when going over the difficult parts at home.
According to Wu, 90 percent of her classmates have mobile phones and more than 85 percent have diskmans. The electronic dictionaries are helpful in English classes, so almost all students own one each.
Although many high school students each own a diskman or MP3 player, Sun Jun from Shanghai doesn’t . She isn’t interested in changing her old tape player for a newer CD player. However , she thinks a mobile phone is a must for her and each of her Senior 3 classmates. They
don’t often go home, so it’s important for them, she says, to have mobile phone to keep in touch with their families.
55. The text mainly tells us that students nowadays _____________.
A. like to show off.
B. are quite different from those ten years ago.
C. have much better living and studying conditions.
D. like to buy expensive things
56. We can infer from the text that ____________.
A. not many students had a new schoolbag or a pencil box ten years ago.
B. Now students don’t like schoolbags or pencil boxes.
C. Every student in big cities has such hi-tech things as a diskman.
D. These days, going back to school means new clothes and backpacks.
57. Why do most students buy mobile phone?
A. To show off their classmates.
B. To send messages to their friends.
C. To keep in touch with their friends and families.
D. To learn English with it.
58. The underlined word “Dictaphone” probably refers to ____________.
A. a machine that can play CD and VCD.
B. a telephone that can record messages.
C. a machine that can record and play back what people say.
D. a radio that can receive wireless programmes.
C
Benjamin Banneker was born a few months before another great American ——George Washington. Benjamin was black, but he was not a slave. He and his mother and his grandmother were free.
Benjamin’s grandmother came from England. In America she got a job and worked for many years to pay for her boat trip across the ocean. After working many more years, she saved enough money to buy a farm. Benjamin lived with her for a while. She taught him to read and write and do arithmetic （算术）.
Benjamin’s neighbors knew that he was clever. They were not surprised when he built a large wooden clock. He made each piece after studying a small pocket watch. The clock made him famous, for it was one of the first clocks built in America. People from other places began to send hard problems of all kinds for Benjamin to settle.
Thomas Jefferson learned of Benjamin Banneker’s ability （能力）settle hard problems. He asked Banneker to help build the city that was to be the capital of the United States ——Washington, D.C..
Banneker worked hard on the plans for the city. He marked where the streets and buildings —— the Capital （国会大厦）, the White House, and many others —— should be built.
Later, L’Enfant , the Frenchman who had designed the new city, had a quarrel, and went back to France in anger. He took all of the plans with him. The workmen couldn’t build without any plans to follow.
For a while it seemed that the plans for the capital might have to be changed. But Benjamin
Banneker remembered the plans he had helped draw. He drew each again just as he once had built each piece of his clock.
If it weren’t for Benjamin Banneker, Washington , D.C. might look very different from the way it does today.
59. Benjamin Banneker is remembered to this day mainly because ______________.
A. He made one of the first clocks in America
B. he used to be an assistant to L’ Enfant, who had des igned the city Washington.
C. he designed the city Washington when L’ Enfatnd left with his plans.
D. he was able to build the city Washington as L’ Enfatnd left with his plans.
60. When Banneker built a large clock, _________ .
A. people in America showed no surprise.
B. his name spread all over America.
C. he became the first man in America to build a clock
D. people came from other places to congratulate him.
61. Thomas Jefferson asked Banneker to help build the city Washington because he was told that Banneker was __________ .
A. famous
B. clever
C. hard-working
D. serious
62. In building the city Washington, Banneker showed _________ .
A. he had a good memory
B. he was never tired working
C. he feared no difficulties
D. he was good at drawing
D
Many thousands of years ago, people had not learned to build houses or shelters（掩蔽处）of any kind . They lived in caves where they were protected from the rain and snow. The caves were also safe places in which they could sleep without being attacked by bears or wolves.
The tools these people used were made of stone, so we call those times the Stone Age. A hard , sharp-edged piece of stone was an axe-head. These people learnt to bind （捆）the stone to a wooden handle using the tough sinews （筋）from legs of animals they had killed. Pieces of flint （燧石）were collected and smashed （粉碎）with heavier rocks to make pointed with sharp edges were used as knives.
The people of the Stone Age hunted animals which included deer, wild horses and wild cattle. After eating the meat, they took the animal’s hide, stitched it out on the ground and scraped off the fat. They left hair on the outside. Then , after they had softened the hide by stamping on it, they polished the inside with sandstone. The finished skins gave them rugs and clothes. For needless they poked （戳）thin pointed bones through the skins and stitched them with fine sinews.
We are not certain when the Stone Age began. Scientists think it could have been over a million years ago. They do know that it ended in about 3,000 B.C. when people learnt to make things from copper and bronze. There were Stone Age people living in South Africa in the Kalahari Desert, Australia and New Guinea when white settlers arrived not many years ago. In distant parts of New Guinea some tribes have only just begun to use tools made of iron.
63. The reason why we call those times the Stone Age is because ________ .
A. people built stone house
B. people wore stone clothes
C. the tools people used then were made of stone
D. the caves people lived in were made of stone
64. Why did people live in caves many thousands of years ago ?
A. Because they found them safe from attack.
B. Because they found them warm.
C. Because they found them big enough for them to live in.
D. Because the caves were animals’ shelters.
65. Where did the people of the Stone Age get the sinews when they made tools ?
A. They got the sinews from their own legs.
B. They got the sinew s from wolves and wild horses’ legs they had.
C. They pick them up when they found them.
D. They got the sinews from the legs of animals they had killed.
66. The word “hide” means _______________.
A. 后腿
B. 兽皮
C. 骨头
D. 兽毛
四. 书面表达
现代社会的发展要求我们有良好的人际关系，你班上举行了一次讨论会，讨论如何交友。

1. 请根据下面提示写一篇发言稿，不少于100词
2. 每个人都需要朋友，如何交友十分重要。

3. 要交朋友，首先要对别人友好。

微笑是最有吸引力的吸铁石（magnet）
4. 要使陌生人不管在何处，都能感到你的亲切。

要关心别人胜过关心自己。

5. 不要以貌取人。

6. 设法记住别人的姓名。

7. 与别人有分歧时，不要争吵，要商量。

8. 不要相信那些在危急时刻背离朋友的人。

俗话说：“患难的朋友才是真正的朋友”。

【试题答案】
一. 单项选择： 1 — 5 CADBD 6 — 10 ADBDD 11 — 15 CADAC 16 — 18 AAB
二. 完形填空：36—40 DCACD 41—45 BACDB 46—50 ADCCD
三. 阅读理解：A 篇：DDBC B 篇：CACC C 篇：DBBA D 篇：CADB
四. 书面表达：
Everyone needs friends. A good personal relationship is especially important with the development of modern society, so love to make true friends is very important to everybody.
To make friends, you must be friendly to others. A smile is like a magnet that draws people. Smile at others and you are always sure to get a smile return. You should do your best to make a stranger feel at home, no matter where he happens to be. Think as you are in his position and make him feel welcome. And don’t judge a stranger only be his appearance.
Try to remember others’ name, which will make them feel that they have make an impression on you.
If you don’t agree others on a certain matter, don’t argue but discuss with them.
You should think more of others than of yourselves.
Finally, don’t believe thos e who leave their friends when they are in trouble, because, as the saying goes, “A friend in need is a friend indeed.”。