ABOANDRhBLOODGRO...

12Maheswari Uma , M. Somasundaram 1,2
Department of Physiology, Karpaga Vinayaga Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Maduranthagam Submitted on : -18-03-2013Resubmitted on :-27-09-2013 Accepted on:-03-10-2013
ABO AND Rh BLOOD GROUP FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTION AMONG MEDICAL AND DENTAL STUDENTS IN KANCHIPURAM DISTRICT, TAMILNADU
INTRODUCTION
The distribution of ABO and Rh blood group systems has been frequently investigated in diverse populations all over the world during the last half century. The frequencies display substantial variation in different geographic locations, reflecting the 1fundamental genetic and ethnic diversity of human populations. The racial distribution of ABO blood group among Europeans appears to be 46% of group O, 42% of group A, 9% of group B and 3% of group AB. Indians exhibit 31% of group O, 21% of group A, 39% of group B and 9% of group AB. In the case of Rh grouping, existing literature indicates that 85% of caucasians are Rh-positive (Rh +ve) and 15% are Rh-negative (Rh-ve) and Asians are 99% Rh+ve and 1% Rh-ve.
OBJECTIVE
The present study was carried out to record the frequency of ABO and Rh blood groups among the medical and dental students of our college located in Kanchipuram district,
Corresponding Author:
DR. UMA MAHESWARI
Department of Physiology
Karpaga Vinayaga Institute of Med. Sciences and Research Centre Maduranthagam-603306, Tamilnadu (India)E-mail:********************.in
Tamilnadu, South India to generate information for future clinical, epidemiological and anthropological studies. Our study data helps in developing efficient and serviceable blood transfusions in our region that meets the demand of rare blood groups.
PARTICIPANTS AND DESIGN
Being an educational institution, we have students from different states of Southern India which includes Tamilnadu, Andhra Pradesh and Kerala. A sample of 890 students with (299) males and (591) females participated in our study. The blood grouping was done as one of the routine hematology practical procedures of all the students. Hence no consent or ethical approval was obtained.
METHOD
RBCs suspended in isotonic saline was treated with anti-A, anti-B and anti-D antisera (Span Diagnostics, Gujarat) on glass slides and mixed with separate applicator sticks. The mixture was observed for agglutination and compared with the control. The blood group was determined based on agglutination with the corresponding antisera.
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) :
The ABO and Rh blood group frequency varies from race to race. Among Indians the prevalent trend is group B ≥O>A>AB whereas among our students reflecting the south Indian population showed O>B>A>AB.ABSTRACT
ABO and Rh blood group frequency distribution among medical and dental students in Kanchipuram district, Tamilnadu, South India. Context : To generate information for future clinical, epidemiological and anthropological studies. Helps in developing efficient and serviceable blood transfusions to meet the demand of rare blood groups. Aim : To record the frequency of ABO and Rh blood groups among the medical and dental students of our college located in Kanchipuram district, Tamilnadu, South India. Setting and Design: The study was set to provide data of blood group distribution among students reflecting south Indian population. Materials and Methods : ABO and Rh blood group was determined by agglutination with corresponding antisera. Frequency distribution of ABO and Rh blood groups were tabulated. Participants : A total of 890 medical and dental professional students comprising of 299 males and 591 females were included in the study. The blood group determination of the students was done as a part of the practical experiments of the academic. Results : The most prevalent blood group among our student population is group O with 39% followed by group B (31.7%), group A (21.3%) and group AB (8%). The same was observed among boys and girls. Among the total population (890), the Rh blood group distribution with Rh+ seems to be 94.5% (841) and Rh - 5.5% (49). The frequencies of Rh+ among boys were 92.6% and girls were 95.4%.Key Word : Blood group, ABO and Rh, Frequency distribution
RESULT
Our current study showed that the most prevalent blood group among our student population is group O (39%) followed by group B (31.7%) followed by group A (21.3%) and the least, group AB (8%). The same frequency distribution of blood group was observed among boys and girls. Among the total population (890), the Rh blood group distribution with Rh+ seems to be 94.5% (841) and Rh - 5.5% (49). The frequencies of Rh+ among boys were 92.6% and girls were 95.4%. The ABO and Rh blood group distribution is tabulated in Table-1 and Table-2, respectively and the combined distribution of ABO and Rh blood groups is shown in Table-3.
DISCUSSION
The ABO and Rh blood group frequency varies from race to
race. Among Indians the prevalent trend is group B ≥O>A>AB. The prevalence, among our students reflecting the south Indian population showed O>B>A>AB. The girl population showed the similar pattern to our results (O>B>A>AB), whereas the boys had O ≥B>A>AB. The overall trend of ABO frequencies in our study was very similar to the O > B > A > AB trend found in south 2,3,4,56india, Sindh and in Multan , but differed from studies, with 78B> O > A > AB in Punjab and Azad Jammu and Kashmir. Majority of the students' population was Rh+ (94.5%) which is 2,3close to the existing literature of Asians (99% Rh+). The present study was a preliminary step to provide information towards future clinical and epidemiological studies. Future researches on the grounds of molecular level would provide an insight into the molecular epidemiology of ABO and Rh blood groups.
Table-2 : Frequency distribution of Rh blood group among medical and dental students of Kanchipuram district, South India.
Table-1: Frequency distribution of ABO blood group among the medical and dental students of Kanchipuram district, South India.
Table-3 : Combined distribution of ABO and Rh blood groups among medical and dental students of Kanchipuram district, South India.
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