2020版高考英语一轮复习Book7Unit21HumanBiology教案(含解析)北师大版

Unit 21 Human Biology
基础知识默写(学生用书321～324页)
[默写(一)]
1.pump vi.用泵抽出(注入) n.泵，抽水机
2.abuse vt.&n.滥用
3.tolerate vt.容忍→tolerant adj.宽容的，容忍的→tolerance n.宽容；容忍
4.doubtful adj.怀疑的，不肯定的→doubt n.&v.怀疑，不相信
5.seek vt.寻找
6.annual adj.每年的，一年一次的，年度的→annually adv.一年一度地
7.treat vt.款待→treatment n.治疗；处理；对待
8.trial n.实验→try v.试图，试验n.尝试
9.circulate vi.循环→circulation n.循环
10.digest vt.消化→digestion n.消化
11.swap vi.交换
12.fundamental adj.根本的；基础的→fundamentally adv.根本上；基础上
pulsory adj.强制性的；义务的
14.controversial adj.有争议的
15.oppose vt.反对→opposite adj.相反的；对面的n.反义词→opposed adj.相反的，对立的→opposition n.反方；对立面
16.contradict vt.与(其他事物)相矛盾→contradiction n.矛盾的说法；反驳→contradictory adj.相矛盾的
17.concern n.担心；担忧→concerned adj.担心的；有关的→concerning prep.关于
18.privileged adj.荣幸的→privilege n.特权；优待
19.entry n.进入；入学→enter v.进入
20.cater vi.满足；迎合
21.invain徒劳地，白费力气
22.atrandom随便地，随意地；随机地
23.atallcosts不惜一切代价，无论如何
24.beresponsiblefor对……负责
25.caterto/for满足；迎合
26.putoff推迟
27.getdownto(doing)sth. 开始(做)某事
28.Unfortunately，itisnoteasytocatchathletesusingillegaldrugs.
不幸的是，要当场查出运动员使用违禁药物并不是很容易。

29.Itiscompulsoryforwinnerstobetestedbutotherparticipantsareonlytestedatrandom. 获胜者要被强制性地进行检查，而其他参与者只是随机地检查。

30.Inthefuture，athleteswhohavetheirgeneschangedmightbeabletodothe100metresdashinjust8secondsort hemarathoninlessthantwohours.
在将来，那些经过基因改变的运动员有可能在8秒内跑完100米或在两小时之内跑完马拉松。

[默写(二)]
1.postpone vt.推迟，延期
2.prohibit vt.禁止→prohibition n.禁止；禁令
3.foresee vt.预见
4.faith n.信心→faithful adj.忠实的，忠诚的→faithfully adv.忠实地，忠诚地
5.weekly adj.每周一次的→week n.周，星期
6.equip vt.使有准备→equipment n.装备；设备
7.fortune n.大笔钱财，巨款→fortunate adj.幸运的→fortunately adv.幸运地
8.unite vt.联合；团结；统一→united adj.团结的→union n.联合
9.routine n.常规；惯例
10.press n.新闻界；报界
11.underline vt.表明重要性；强调
12.teamwork n.协作；配合
13.temporary adj.临时的；短暂的→temporarily adv.临时地，暂时地
14.rob vt.使丧失；抢劫→robber n.抢劫犯→robbery n.抢劫
15.decline vi.下降；谢绝
16.firm n.商行，公司
17.deadline n.截止日期，最后日期
18.submit vt.提交→submission n.屈从，屈服；意见；提交
19.vote vi.表决
20.circumstance n.情形；情况
21.straightaway立刻，马上
22.bringup提出；教育；抚养；呕吐
23.gothrough经历；仔细检查
24.wipeout彻底毁灭
25.stopsth. initstracks终止；消灭
26.leaveout省略；遗漏
27.robsb. ofsth. 抢劫某人某物
28.atanyrate无论如何；至少
29.TheOlympicspirit—thespiritofcompetitionwhichemphasisestakingpartratherthanwi nning—hasbeenviolatedbythedesiretosucceedatallcosts.
人们不惜一切代价来获胜的愿望违背了重在参与而不是获胜的奥林匹克精神。

30.Whenhewenttothedoctorthatday，hecouldnothaveknownwhatwasabouttohappentohim. 那天当他去看医生时，他不可能知道他会出什么事。

基础知识夯实
Ⅰ.语境填词
1.Youshouldseek(寻求) advicefromyourlawyeronthismatter.
2.Theamountoftimespentinreadingeachsessionhasdeclined(下降)，fromclosertoanhourormoretoclosertoahalfhourpersession.(2018·全国Ⅱ)
3.Theywereaccusedofabusing(滥用) theirpowertokeeppricesartificiallyhigh.
4.Theresearchlackssolidevidence，andtherefore，itsconclusionsaredoubtful(doubt).
5.Peoplewhohavepersonalitytraitsthatconnectwithcompetitivenessandlowupsettoleran ce(tolerate) aremuchmorelikelytogetangry.(2018·北京)
6.Afteryearsofregulartreatment(treat)，shefinallybecamehealthy.
7.I’msobusythatIhavetodiscontinue weekly(每周的) visits.
8.Theywerenotprovidedwithadequateequipment(equip).(2018·江苏)
9.Colorisfundamental(fundamentally)
inhomedesign—somethingyou’llalwayshaveineveryroom.(2018·全国Ⅰ)
10.Turningone’slifeintoawaitinggamerequires faith(faithful) andhope，andisstrictlyfortheoptimistsamon gus.(2017·天津)
11.Fortunately(fortunate)，afterabriefstayinhospital，Benwaswellenoughtobeallowedtoleaveandlaterthefamilymetupfordinner.(2018·全国Ⅱ)
12.Thefactconcerning(concern) Mary’scarcrashisunknown.
13.Natalie’sschoolwassodamagedthatshehadto temporarily(temporary) attendaschoolinBrooklyn.
14.Itdoespointoutthatmanyparentsstilllimitelectronicreading，mainlyduetoconcerns(concerning) aboutincreasedscreentime.(2018·全国Ⅱ)
15.Whenisthefinaldateforthesubmission(submit) ofproposals?
Ⅱ.选词成篇
Someschools1.focusonthenumberofthestudentsadmittedtokeyuniversities.Inordert o2.catertotherequestofsociety，they3.getdowntoaddinglessons4.atrandom.Asaresult，alotofstudentsthinkthey’re5.indespairandtiredofbeing6.broughtupatschool.Somepar entsthinkthatthelocalgovernmentshould7.beresponsibleforitandshould8.stopitinitst racks9.straightaway.
错误!
Threerobberswerebelievedtohave10.robbedabankofalargefortuneyesterday.Thegove rnmentorderedthatthepoliceshouldfindtherobbersatanyrate.Thepoliceimmediatelybloc kedthemainroadsand11.prohibitedthesuspectsfromescapingbut12.invain.Theauthoritys aidthatsuchcrimeswerehardtotolerateandmustbe13.wipedout14.atallcosts.Atpresent，thepoliceareseekingtheinformationaboutthecaseandurgethecriminalto15.submittothep olice.
Ⅲ.完成句子
1.Inourhomeoffice，anyonecaughtdoingsomethingharmfultotheenvironmentmightbepunished.
在我们的家庭办公室，任何被发现做对环境有害的事情的人都可能会受到惩罚。

2.Exerciseenergizesyou，soitismoredifficulttorelaxandhaveapeacefulsleepwhenyouareveryexcited.(Itis＋adj.＋todosth. )(2018·全国Ⅱ)
锻炼使你充满活力，所以当你非常兴奋的时候更难放松和睡一个安稳觉。

3.I’ll havemywatchrepaired；itdoesn’twork.(havesth. done)
我得请人修理我的手表，它不走了。

4.Today，manyChinesepeoplearelearningWesternstylesandtheoriesratherthanfocusingonChineset raditions.(ratherthan)(2018·全国Ⅲ)
现在，很多中国人在学习西方的模式和理论，而不是关注中国传统。

5.Ican’tfindmypurse.I couldhaveleftitinthesupermarketyesterday，butI’mnotsure.(2018·天津)
我找不到我的钱包了，昨天我有可能把它落在超市里了，但我不确定。

1.“财富”相关名词一览
(1)fortune大笔钱财
(2)treasure财富，财产
(3)wealth财富
(4)possession财产，财富
(5)property财产，不动产
2.oppose近义词大全
(1)refuse拒绝
(2)reject拒绝
(3)object反对；不赞成
(4)disagree反对
(5)disapprove不赞成
3.clear短语荟萃
(1)clearup清理；消除；澄清；放晴
(2)clearaway把……清理出去，把……收拾整洁
(3)clearoff清理；走开
(4)clearout把……清理干净
4.“开始/着手做某事”短语精选
(1)getdowntodoingsth.
(2)setouttodosth.
(3)setaboutdoingsth.
(4)settledowntodoingsth.
(5)start/begin doing/todosth.
5.“立即，即刻”短语全接触
straightaway，atonce，rightnow/away，innotime，inaflash，inaninstant
tolerate vt.容忍；忍受
(1)IfIwereherstaff，Ireallywouldn’ttolerate beingscolded(scold) byhereveryday.
(2)Marleyunderstandsthatpartofthereasonwhytherearesomanyproblemsintheworldisthel ackoftolerance(tolerate) betweenpeople.
(3)Perhapsyouneedtobemoretolerantof/towards(对……更宽容) yourneighbors.
易错点拨tolerate作“忍受”讲时，相当于stand，bear，put up with。

(1)Localschoolsareseekingtoreduce(reduce) thedropoutrate.
(2)Havingsought(seek) forasolutiontotheproblemforseveraldays，theyfinallyfoundone.
(3)Morethan750,000havegraduatedfromSAC，withmanyseeking(seek) employmentinengineering，aviation，education，medicineandawidevarietyofotherprofessions.(2018·北京)
(4)Yourlivesarebusyenoughdoinghomework，playingsports，makingfriends，seekingafteryourdreams(追求你的梦想).(2016·四川)
cater v.迎合；满足需要；提供饮食及服务
(1)Ourliteratureandartoughttocatertopopulartaste.
我们的文艺应该迎合大众的口味。

(2)It’saholidaycompanythat catersfortheelderly.
这是一家为老年人服务的度假公司。

postpone vt.推迟，延期
(1)Let’spostpone making(make) adecisionuntilwehavemoreinformation.
(2)Thesummersportsmeetinginourschoolhasbeenpostponed(postpone) forseveraldaysduetotheheavyrain.
prohibit v.(尤指以法令)禁止；阻止，使不可能
(1)Theprofessorwasdeafandanytalkingwasprohibited(prohibit).(2017·全国Ⅰ)
(2)Theenvironmentalgroupisdemandingacompleteprohibitionagainstthehuntingofwhales .
(3)[同义句改写] Hispooreyesightprohibitedhisbecomingapilot.
→Hispooreyesight prohibitedhimfrombecomingapilot.
易错点拨prohibit后不接带不定式的复合结构，即不能说prohibit sb. to do sth. 。

rob v.使丧失；抢劫；盗窃；剥夺
(1)Herillnessrobbedherofthechancetogotoschool.
(2)Themanwasservingasentenceforrobbery(rob) withviolence.
(3)Shescreamedforhelpwhenshesawtherobber(rob).
(4)Shewasrobbed(rob) ofwhatlittlemoneyshehad.
[词义辨析] rob，steal
※rob意为“抢”，常用于“robsb. /sth. ofsth. ”的结构。

rob的宾语只能是被抢的人或地点，不能是被抢的东西。

※steal意为“偷”，常用于“stealsth. fromsb. /sth. ”的结构。

steal的宾语只能是被偷的东西，不能是被偷的人或地点。

(1)Lastyearsawadeclineintheeffectivedemandforsteel.
(2)Howardhasdeclinedtocome(come) andinthatcasewecanasksomebodyelse.
(3)Thankfully，thisisadiseasethatisnowonthedecline/indecline(正在衰退).
易错点拨
(1)decline后可接不定式作宾语，一般不接动名词。

(2)decline表示“谢绝”时，已含有“拒绝接受”之意，所以其后一般不接toaccept，以免语义重复。

submit v.服从；提交，递交；呈递(文件等)
(1)Ifyouwanttoshareastoryofyourpetswiththereaders，youneedtosubmititto SmartAnimals.
(2)Submitted(submit) byTom，thepaperwasthoughthighlyofbyhisprofessor.
(3)Thestudentsmustsubmitthemselvesto(服从) thedisciplinesatschool.
circumstance n.环境；情况
(1)Idon’tlikeanyhumourinthisseriousspeechbecauseIcan’tthinkofanycircumstance wh erethiswouldbebeneficialoruseful.
(2)Undernocircumstancesmustyouleave(你绝不能离开) thehouse.
(3)IranandIraqalsohavethepotentialtoexportmore，ifcircumstancesallow/permit(如果情况允许的话).
易错点拨
(1)抽象地点名词，如：point，stage，case，situation，condition，position，activity，scene，environment，circumstance等作先行词，并在从句中作状语时，用where或“介词＋which”引导定语从句。

(2)在短语in/under the/nocircumstances中circumstance总是用复数。

invain徒劳地；白费力气
(1)Ihavetriedveryhardtofindoutasolutiontotheproblem，butinvain.
我尽力去找出解决问题的办法，结果却是白费力气。

(2)Wetriedinvain/triedvainly/madeavainattempttomakehimchangehismind.
我们试图使他改变主意，结果是白费力气。

atallcosts不管多大代价，无论如何
(1)Wemustatallcosts/atanycostpreventthemfromfindingoutabouttheplan.
我们必须不惜一切代价阻止他们发现这个计划。

(2)Hesavedhisdaughterfromthefire，butonlyatthecostofhisownlife.
他从大火中救出了他的女儿，但却牺牲了自己的生命。

(3)Heboughtthepianoatacostof500dollars.
他花500美元买下了这架钢琴。

(4)Onemistakecosthimhisjob.
一个错误让他丢了工作。

atanyrate无论如何；至少；不管怎样
(1)Atanyrate，youcan’thurtherfeelings.
无论如何你都不能伤害她的感情。

(2)Atthisrate，wewillsoonbebankrupt.
照这样下去，我们不久就要破产了。

(3)Ourmoneywasrunningoutatanalarmingrate.
我们花钱的速度快得惊人。

句型：Itis＋adj./n.＋forsb.todo...
[句式升级]
(1)Tomdroveafterdrinkingwine.Itwasdangerous.(it作形式主语) ItwasdangerousforTomtodriveafterdrinkingwine.
(2)Itispossibleforhimtofindhislostkey.(改为含有that从句的复合句) Itispossiblethathewillfindhislostkey.
句型：ratherthan连接两个并列结构
[一句多译] 星期天，我宁愿出去锻炼也不愿待在家里玩电脑游戏。

(1)IprefertotakesomeexerciseoutsideratherthanplaycomputergamesathomeonSundays.(p refer...ratherthan...)
(2)IwouldrathertakesomeexerciseoutsidethanplaycomputergamesathomeonSundays.(woul drather...than...)
(3)IwouldtakesomeexerciseoutsideratherthanplaycomputergamesathomeonSundays.(woul
d...ratherthan...)
句型：情态动词＋havedone
(1)George can’thavegone(go) toofar.Hiscoffeeisstillwarm.
乔治不可能走远。

他的咖啡还是热的。

(2)Wecouldhavefaced(face) thedifficultytogether，butwhydidn’tyoutellme?
我们本能一起面对困难，但为什么你不告诉我呢？
(3)Ishould/oughttohavehelped(help) Peterwithhiswork，butIhadalotofthingstodomyself.
我本应该帮彼得工作，但是我自己有很多事情要做。

(4)—ThewomanbiologiststayedinAfricastudyingwildanimalsfor13yearsbeforeshereturn ed.
—Oh，dear！Shemusthavegone(go) throughalotofdifficulties!
——这位女生物学家在非洲研究野生动物13年后才回来。

——哦，天哪！她一定经历了许多困难！
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1.Havingbeenusedtowarmclimate，LiMingcan’ttolerate living(live) insuchacoldplace.
2.Itisnecessaryforustoexamine(examine) thepapersbeforehandingthemin.
3.Look！Thestoreisbeingrebuilt(rebuild).
4.Measles(麻疹) wasnearlywipedout intheUnitedStates14yearsago.(2017·北京)
5.Heopposedbuilding(build) anewbuildinginthisarea，fortherearesomerareplantsnearhere.
6.Thefloorsofallcampusbuildingsareequippedwithmanual(手动的) firealarmsystemswhichincludefirealarmpullstationsandpipes.(2018·天津)
7.Owingtothebadweather ，wedecidedtopostponestarting(start) thetrip. 8.Wefeelveryprivileged(privilege)
tohavethechairmanoftheCommitteeofForeignAffairsasourdistinguishedguest. 9.Iwillnotidle(虚度) awaymytimeandbesorryinvainwhenmyyouthfulheadbecomeswhite. 10.We’rejusttryingtoreachapoint wherebothsideswillsitdowntogetherandtalk. 11.Were(be)
itnotforthesupportoftheteachers
，
thestudentcouldnotovercomeherdifficulty.(2017·江苏) 12.MysistermethimattheGrandTheatreyesterdayafternoon ，
sohe couldn’thaveattended (not ，attend) yourlecture.
13.I’mquitesatisfied ，andIprefertorent(rent) suchanapartmentratherthanbuy(buy) one.
14.Shewipedoffthesweatfromherfacewithapieceoffacialtissue.
15.Inspiteofmanyinvitations ，hewouldalwaysdeclinetovisit(visit) Oxford. Ⅱ.单句改错(每小题仅有1处错误)
1.Itwasreportedthatallchildrenhad ∧
been physicallyandemotionallyabused. 2.Hemade ∧
a fortuneinhisbusinesstradelastyear. 3.Heofferedtobuysome equipments
equipment forthenewschool.
4.Thebirthrateinthatcountryisnow in
on 或thedecline.
5.Shesaidunderno circumstance
circumstances wouldshegiveupherplan.
6.Itisnice for
of youtogiveussomuchhelp.
7.Theyareurgentlyseeking out
after/for
thepostswheretheyarewellpaid.
8.Iamverymuchopposedto
permit
permitting
himtogoalone.
9.Theyarediscussingsomething concerned
concerning
educationatthemoment.
10.Thedrunkendriver ，ratherthanthepassers-by were
was toblameforthetrafficaccident.
11.IthoughtherniceandhonestforthefirsttimeImether. 12.Thepatientisgoingtohavehistemperature take
taken
.
Ⅲ.教材与语法填空
Athleticperformanceshave1.continually(continue) improvedsincethefirstOlympicGames.However，improvements2.havebegun(begin) toslowdownrecently.While3.talking(talk) aboutbreakingrecords，wecomeacrosstheissueofperformance-enhancingdrugs,4.whichareoriginallydevelopedto helppeoplewithillnesses，buttheyareoftenusedbysomeathletestoperform5.better(well) thanusual.6.Inotherwords，dopingisafundamentalformofcheating.Unfortunately，ing(use)
illegaldrugs.Thewinnershavetobetested8.whileotherparticipantsareonlytested9.atra ndom.Newdrugsaredevelopedallthetimeanddrugtestsforsportingeventsareoftenonestepb ehind.Inthefutureanotherissueisgene-therapy.Athleteswhohavetheirgenes10.changed( change) mightperformmuchbette rinthematch.Intoday’sworld，ifdopingandgene-therapycontinuetoaffecttheoutcomesofmajorsportingevents，theOlympicspiritwillhavelostitsmeaning.
Ⅳ.教材与短文改错
Oneoftheearliestepidemiconrecordhappenedabout500－550ADwhentheRomanemperoratthetimewasattemptedtorebuildtheR omanEmpire.Inthe1330’s，“TheBlackDeath”appearedinAsia，thatspreadrapid.Yearsago，SARSbreaksout.Sincethen，scientistshadbeendoingtrialstopreventit.BeforeSARS，theSpanishFluisbelievedtohavebeenmostacuteepidemicinhistorybecauseofitkilled50mi llionpeoplein18months.However，sinceBirdFlufirstappearedin1997，ithastakenmanythanahundredlives.Withalltheinternationaleffortbeingmade，wehavefaithwhichtherewillbesolutionstostopit.
答案
Oneoftheearliest
epidemic
epidemics
onrecordhappenedabout500－
550ADwhentheRomanemperoratthetimewas
attempted attempting
torebuildtheRomanEmpire.Inthe1330’s，“TheBlackDeath”appearedinAsia，
that which
spread
rapid
rapidly
.Yearsago，SARS
breaks
broke
out.Sincethen，scientists
had
have
beendoingtrialstopreventit.BeforeSARS，theSpanishFluisbelievedtohavebeen
∧the
mostacuteepidemicinhistorybecauseofitkilled50millionpeoplein18months.However，
sinceBirdFlufirstappearedin1997，ithastaken many more
thanahundredlives.Withalltheinternationaleffortbeingmade，wehavefaith which that
therewillbesolutionstostopit.
Ⅴ.教材与微写作
写作素材(关于流行病)
1.最近流感正在我国广泛传播，所以我们学校正寻求有效措施，彻底消灭这种疾病。

2.一些措施是强制性的。

(把1、2句合成含有定语从句的复合句)
3.我们绝不能随意吃东西。

(倒装句)
4.我们每个学生应该开始着手做些事情来消除这种疾病。

连句成篇——根据提示利用本单元所学知识补全短文
Recently，thefluisspreadingwidelyamongpeopleinourcountry，soinorderto1.wipeoutthedisease，ourschool2.areseekingeffectivemeasures,3.someofwhicharecompulsory.4.Undernocircu mstanceswillweputsomefoodinourmouthsatrandom.Eachofthestudents5.shouldgetdowntod oingsomethingtoclearupthedisease.
Ⅰ.阅读理解
(2018·安徽六校教育研究会二联)
Youralarmgoesoffonyourphone，andinsteadofturningitoffandgoingonsleeping，youpickitupandstupidlysay, “Hello？”
Youare，tousethetechnicalterm，sufferingfromsleepdrunkenness(醉态)，thosefirstfewconfusedminutespeoplesometimesexperienceafterwaking，accordingtoajust-publishedpaperin Neurology(神经学).Forthefirsttime，thephenomenonhasbeenstudiedinageneraladultpopulation.
Intelephoneinterviewstheresearchersconductedwithmorethan19,000healthyindivid uals，about25percentreportedexperiencingsomesortofsleep-drunkepisode(插曲) inthelastyear，and12percentsaidthishappenedtothematleastonceaweek.
Mostoftheirstorieswereactuallyprettyfunny，saidStanfordUniversitySchoolofMedicinepsychiatrist(精神病学家)
MauriceOhayon.Onemanpickeduphisalarmclockandmistookitforhisphone，holdingatwo-minuteconversationonit.Anotherparticipantwokeinthemiddleofthenightan dcouldn’tfin dthebathroominherownhome.Othercommonexamplesarethatfoggyfeelingyoug etwhenyoufirstwakeupwithastartonaSaturdaybeforerealizingit’stheweekend，orwhenyouwakeupinahotelroomandcan’timmediatelyfigureoutwhereyouare.
Ohayonexplainsthatanabruptawakening，toourpoor，half-asleepbrains，signalsanemergency—atimeforaction，notreason.
“Formostpeople，andespeciallyifthisonlyhappenstoyoueveryonceinawhile，it’snothingtoworryabout.Butforpeoplewhoexperiencesleepdrunkennessonceaweekormor e，youmightaswellrefertoprofessionalhelptohaveasoun dsleep.”
1.Theintendedreadersofthepassageareprobably.
A.adultswhodon’tsleepwell
B.teenagerswhodon’thaveenoughsleep
C.peoplewhosufferfromsleepdrunkenness
D.researcherswhoarefondofsleepdisorder
答案 C
解析推理判断题。

根据文章第二段内容可知，有些人在刚刚醒来时的几分钟会非常迷糊，研究者们对这一现象进行了研究，下文介绍了这一研究的发现。

因此，本文是针对患有睡醉的人写的。

2.Whatcanwelearnfromthefirstthreeparagraphs?
A.It’sstupidtoleavethealarmonwhensleeping.
B.Afterwakingupallpeoplestruggledforawareness.
C.Therearemanystudiesonadults’sleeppatterns.
D.It’scommonforadultstoexperiencesleepdrunkenness.
答案 D
解析推理判断题。

文章前两段主要介绍了什么是“睡醉”，根据第三段中的“19,000 healthy individuals，about 25 percent reported experiencing some sort of sleep-drunk episode(插曲)”可知，在那么多被调查的人中，有25%的人有过这样的经历。

由此可推知，睡醉这种现象比较常见。

3.WhatdoweknowaboutsleepdrunkennessaccordingtoParagraph4?
A.Itoccursindifferentoccasions.
B.Itcomeswithoutanyreason.
C.Ithurtswhenpeoplearesleeping.
D.Itattacksthosewhoarecloudy.
答案 A
解析推理判断题。

第四段举了几个睡醉的例子，有的人误把闹钟当作电话；有的人半夜醒来，找不到自己家的卫生间；有的人在周六早起，没有意识到这是周末；有的人在旅馆醒来，分不清自己身在何处。

由此可知，睡醉会发生在不同的场合。

4.Whatwillbetalkedaboutinthenextparagraph?
A.Somethingtoextendyoursleeptime.
B.Waystoimproveyoursleeppattern.
C.Methodsofcuringsleepdrunkenness.
D.Tipsonhowtohelpyousleepbetter.
答案 D
解析推理判断题。

根据最后一段最后一句“But for people who experience sleep drunkenness once a week or more，you might as well refer to professional help to have a sound sleep.”可知，对于大部分人来说，尤其是偶尔发生睡醉的人而言，不用担心。

但是，对于一周至少经历一次睡醉的人而言，最好寻求专业的帮助来获得良好的睡眠。

由此可猜测，下文应该具体给出一些有助于获得良好睡眠的建议。

Ⅱ.完形填空
Ilearnedthislessonacoupleofyearsago.Thatday，Itooka5toGrandCentralStation.Weweredrivinginthe6lanewhen，allofasudden，ablackcarjumpedoutofaparkingspaceright7us.Mytaxidriverslammed(猛踩) onhisbrakesandalmost8thecar’sbackendbyjustten9！
Thedriveroftheothercar，whoalmostcausedabigaccident，10hiscarandstartedyellingbad11atus.Thetaxidriverjustsmiledand12attheguy.AndImean hewas13.So，Isaid，“Whydidyoujustdothat？Thisguyalmost14yourcarandsentusto15！”AndthisiswhenmytaxidrivertoldmewhatInowca ll“thelawofthegarbagetruck”.
Manypeoplearelikegarbagetrucks.They16aroundfullofgarbage，fulloffrustration，fullof17，andfullofdisappointment.Astheirgarbage18up，theyneedaplacetodumpit，andifyouagree，they’lldumpitonyou.W hensomeonewantstodumptheir19onyou，don’ttakeit20.Youjustsmile，wave，wishthemwell，and21.You’llbehappyatwhatyoudo.
Istartedthinking，howoftendoIletgarbagetrucksrunrightoverme？
AndhowoftendoItaketheirgarbageand22ittootherpeople？ThatdayIsaid，“I’mnotgoingtodothatanymore.”
Whataboutyou？Whatwillhappeninyourlifeifyouletmoregarbage23passyouby？Life’stooshorttowakeupinthemorningwithbad24.
5.A.taxi B.bus
C.subway
D.bike
答案 A
解析根据首段末句中的“Mytaxidriver”可知，作者搭乘了一辆出租车(taxi)前往中央火车站。

6.A.flat B.wide
C.clear
D.right
答案 D
解析根据语境可知，出租车司机为正确的一方，应行驶在正确的(right)车道上。

flat平坦的；wide宽的；clear清楚的。

7.A.inbackof B.infrontof
C.beside
D.beneath
答案 B
解析根据下文中的“Mytaxidriverslammed(猛踩) onhisbrakesandalmo stthecar’sbackend...”可知，一辆车从停车场冲出来，正好出现在作者他们车子的前方。

infrontof在……前方，符合语境。

inbackof在……后面；beside在……旁边；beneath在……下面。

8.A.opened B.removed
C.missed
D.observed
答案 C
解析根据设空前的“Mytaxidriverslammed(猛踩) onhisbrakes”可知，两辆车差点撞上。

open打开；remove移除；observe观察。

9.A.inches B.meters
es
D.yards
答案 A
解析另一辆车是突然冲出来，导致两辆车差点相撞，说明两车距离非常近。

inch英寸，是
很短的距离，符合语境。

meter米；mile英里；yard码，庭院，表示的距离都较远。

10.A.gotoutof B.brokeawayfrom
C.squeezed
D.kicked
答案 A
解析根据语境和设空后的“startedyellingbadatus”可知，黑色车的司机从车里出来了。

getoutof从……出来，符合语境。

breakawayfrom从……脱离；squeeze挤压；kick踢。

11.A.means B.solutions
nguages
D.words
答案 D
解析根据设空前的yelling和bad可知，司机对我们说脏话(words)。

means方法，手段；solution解决办法；language语言。

12.A.waved B.pointed
C.aimed
D.glared
答案 A
解析根据设空前的“Thetaxidriverjustsmiled”以及下文的“Youjustsmile，wave，wishthemwell...”可知，出租车司机只是笑了笑，朝他挥了挥手。

wave挥手，招手，符合语境。

point指向；aim瞄准，力求达到；glare怒目而视。

13.A.friendly B.aggressive
C.merciful
D.grateful
答案 A
解析根据设空处前的“Thetaxidriverjustsmiledandattheguy.”以及设空处后作者的疑问可知，作者觉得出租车司机太友善了。

friendly友好的，符合语境。

aggressive好斗的，挑衅的，有进取心的；merciful宽大的，慈悲的；grateful感谢的，感激的。

14.A.handled B.undertook
C.ruined
D.abused
答案 C
解析根据前文可知，这个人的车差点撞毁了出租车。

ruin毁坏，毁掉，符合语境。

handle 处理；undertake承担，从事；abuse滥用。

15.A.prison B.policestation
C.school
D.hospital
答案 D
解析根据语境可知，那辆车突然冲出来，差点撞上了作者乘坐的出租车，由此可知，此处指那辆车差点让作者他们受伤住院(hospital)。

prison监狱；policestation警察局；school 学校。

16.A.run B.turn
C.show
D.gather
答案 A
解析根据设空前的garbagetrucks可知，他们像垃圾车一样满载着垃圾东奔西走。

runaround东奔西走，符合语境。

turnaround转过身来；showaround带领……参观；gatheraround聚集。

17.A.imagination B.anger
C.confidence
D.pride
答案 B
解析and连接并列成分，根据设空前的fulloffrustration以及设空后的fullofdisappointment可知，此处应为表示负面情绪的怒气(anger)。

imagination想象；confidence自信；pride骄傲。

18.A.puts B.piles
C.takes
D.makes
答案 B
解析根据设空后的“theyneedaplacetodumpit”可知，垃圾不断堆积，需要地方倾倒。

pile 堆放，堆积，符合语境。

put放，放置；take带(走)；make做，制作。

19.A.happiness B.expectation
C.problems
D.will
答案 C
解析根据语境可知，有些人把他们的沮丧、愤怒和失望发泄到你身上。

problem问题，符合语境。

happiness快乐；expectation期望；will意愿。

20.A.differently B.attentively
C.seriously
D.purposefully
答案 C
解析根据设空后的“Youjustsmile，wave，wishthemwell...”可知，此处指不要和他们较真。

take...seriously为固定搭配，意为“认真对待”，符合语境。

differently不同地；attentively聚精会神地；purposefully有目的地。

21.A.fight B.weep
C.fleeaway
D.moveon
答案 D
解析根据上文中的“don’ttakeit”及下文的“Life’stooshorttowakeupinthemorningwithbad.”可知，作者认为当别人把怒气发泄在你身上时，你不用太在意，只需继续前行。

moveon继续前行，符合语境。

fight战斗；weep哭
泣；fleeaway逃离。

22.A.pass B.spread
C.convey
D.offer
答案 B
解析根据设空后的“I’mnotgoingtodothatanymore.”可知，此处为把“垃圾”情绪扩散给别人。

spread扩散，蔓延，符合语境。

pass传递；convey表达，传达；offer主动提供，提议，出价。

23.A.collectors B.cans
C.trucks
D.bags
答案 C
解析根据上文的“thelawofthegarbagetruck”及“Manypeoplearelikegarbagetrucks.”可知，此处指“垃圾车”(trucks)。

24.A.emotion B.indifference
C.hopes
D.ambitions
答案 A
解析根据语境和前文内容可知，人生太短暂，不能每天带着坏情绪醒来。

emotion情绪，符合语境。

indifference冷漠；hope希望；ambition野心。

Ⅲ.语法填空
(2018·河南漯河四模)
Papercuttingorpapercuttingistheartofpaperdesigns.Thearthasevolvedalloverthew orldindifferentculturalways.Onetraditionalqualitymost25.(style) shareincommonisthatthedesignsarecutfromasinglesheetofpaper，notmultiplesheetsasincollage(拼贴).
TheartappearedduringtheHanDynastyaftertheChineseofficialCaiLuninventedpaper. Theoldest26.(survive) papercut-outisasymmetrical(对称的) circlefromthe6thcenturyfoundinXinjiang，China.Papercuttingcontinuedtodevelop27.(steady) duringtheSongandTangDynastiesas28.uniqueformofdecorativeart.
PapercuttingappearedinWestAsiainthe16thcentury.Theknowledgeofpapermakingdidn otreachEuropeuntilthe13thcentury.InSwitzerlandandGermany，forexample，itwasnotuntilthe16thcentury29.papercutartwasestablished.
Althoughitispopulararoundtheglobe，onlytheChinesepapercut30.(list) intheUNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage Lists in 2009.Modern paper cutting has developed
31.acommercialindustry.Papercutting32.(remain) popularinmodernChina，especiallyduringtheChineseNewYearorweddings.
Jianzhi(剪纸) isatraditionalstyleofpapercuttinginChina.Jianzhi33.(practice) inChinasinceatleastthe6thCenturyADhasdifferentusesinChineseculture，allofwhichhavedifferentmeaningsorintentions.34.peoplegenerallywanttoachieveistow ishforabetterfuture.Andredisthemostcommonlyusedcolor.
语篇解读文章介绍了剪纸的起源、在世界的发展及象征意义。

25.答案styles
解析考查名词。

此处由most修饰，可数名词用复数，指大多数风格，故填styles。

26.答案surviving
解析考查形容词。

此处修饰名词paper用形容词，指最古老的幸存的剪纸，故填surviving。

27.答案steadily
解析考查副词。

此处修饰动词develop用副词，指稳定发展，故填副词steadily。

28.答案 a
解析考查冠词。

句中form是可数名词单数，此处指一种独特的装饰艺术形式，表示一种，故填冠词a。

29.答案that
解析考查强调句。

此处是强调句，结构为：Itis/was＋被强调部分＋that＋其他。

此处指直到16世纪剪纸才在瑞士和德国确立。

故填that。

30.答案waslisted
解析考查被动语态。

主语theChinesepapercut和动词list是被动关系，此处作谓语用被动语态。

中国剪纸在2009年被列入人类非物质文化遗产代表作名录，故填waslisted。

31.答案into
解析考查介词。

此处指现代剪纸已经发展成为了商业产业。

developinto发展成为，是固定搭配，故填into。

32.答案remains
解析考查主谓一致。

根据inmodernChina可知用一般现在时，主语Papercutting是单数，谓语动词与之一致也用单数，故填remains。

33.答案practiced
解析考查过去分词。

此处指从6世纪就在中国被实践的剪纸，主语Jianzhi和动词practice 是被动关系，此处是过去分词作定语，故填practiced。

34.答案What
解析考查连接代词。

此处引导主语从句且作want的宾语，指人们想要的就是希望有一个更好的未来。

故填What。

Ⅳ.短文改错
LastweekInoticedJackcoughingonourmathclass.Seethis
，
Iofferedtotakehimtoaclinic.TherethedoctoraskedJackhowhehadcoughedsometimesforlon gtime.Jacknoddedhisheadimmediate.Thedoctorthenwroteaprescriptionwithinstructiono nhowtotaketheChinesemedicine.WhenJacktastedthemedicine
，
healmostbringsitup.Icomfortedhimwithanoldsaying“Goodmedicineforhealthtastesbitt ertothemouth.”Jackmanagedtoswallowthemunwillingly.Butwhenhehadrecoveredthreeday slater ，hefeltamazingattheeffectoftheChinesemedicine. 答案
LastweekInoticedJackcoughing
on in
ourmathclass.
See Seeing
this
，
Iofferedtotakehimtoaclinic.TherethedoctoraskedJack how if/whether
hehadcoughedsometimesfor ∧a
longtime.Jacknoddedhishead immediate immediately
.Thedoctorthenwroteaprescriptionwith
instruction instructions onhowtotaketheChinesemedicine.WhenJacktastedthemedicine
，healmost
brings brought
itup.Icomfortedhimwithanoldsaying“Goodmedicineforhealthtastesbittertothemouth.”Jackmanagedtoswallow
them
it
unwillingly.Butwhenhehadrecoveredthreedayslater ，hefelt amazing amazed attheeffectoftheChinesemedicine.
Ⅴ.书面表达
假定你是高三学生李华。

你作为交换生要到英国学习，你的好友Peter 要去机场接你，却因天降大雪，航班取消。

请你给Peter 写一封电子邮件，要点如下：
1.说明原因；
2.另约时间；
3.表达感谢。

注意：
1.词数100左右；
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。

参考范文
DearPeter，
I’mmorethangladtoseeyouintheflesh.I’mwritingtotellyousomethingunexpectedha ppened.
Firstly，IregrettotellyouthatIcan’tarriveattheairportasplannedbecauseoftheviolentsnow，whichhasbeenlastingfortwodaysandnights.Thereforealltheroadsareblockedandthefligh tIwouldhavetakeniscanceled.Fortunately，stly，pleaseacceptmysincerethanksforyourkindhelp，withoutwhich，Ican’timaginewhattroubleIwouldhavesinceIhaveneverbeentherebefore.
Wishtoseeyouverysoon.
Yourssincerely，
LiHua。