专升本英语(阅读理解)模拟试卷19(题后含答案及解析)

专升本英语（阅读理解）模拟试卷19(题后含答案及解析)
题型有：1.
During a state of deep relaxation, several physiological changes take place in the body: the body’s oxygen consumption is reduced; the heart beat decreases; muscle tension and sweating ease, and there is decreased sympathetic nervous system activity. This restful state not only allows the body to repair and restore itself, but also has a calming effect on the consciousness. How to achieve this state of relaxation, however, is a matter of opinion, and in some medical circles, a matter of controversy.
A recent report by Dr. David Holmes of the University of Kansas in the journal “American psychologist”said that simple sitting in an armchair has just as many beneficial characteristics for the body as meditation does. Researchers of other relaxation techniques disagree. These experts believe that more structured techniques, such as meditation, lead to a condition of deep relaxation. The debate goes on, but one thing appears to be clear; the relaxation response can be reached by a number of methods, and the methods themselves are not as important as getting there. One day, one method may work best; on another day, an alternative method may be more appropriate. Once you are aware of all the methods, you can find the one that works best for you. Some of the relaxation techniques are meditation, autoanalysis and progressive muscle relaxation response than just sitting quietly in a chair, they have the added benefit of structure and discipline, and for these reasons appear to be more effective for most individuals.
1．The passage indicates that a state of deep relaxation is not only good for one’s body, but also beneficial to______.
A．heart beat
B．consciousness
C．muscle tension
D．sympathetic nervous system
正确答案：B
解析：由第一段最后一句话“but also has a calming effect on the consciousness”可知正确答案为B。

知识模块：阅读理解
2．People seem to agree that______.
A．sitting in an armchair benefits a person as meditation does
B．what people are struggling for is a state of deep relaxation
C．to achieve a state of deep relaxation is possible through various means
D．structured consciousness relaxation techniques are more beneficial for a person
正确答案：C
解析：由第三段第一句话“…but one thing appears to be clear：the relaxation…
a number of methods”可知正确答案为C。

知识模块：阅读理解
3．In the third paragraph, the phrase “getting there”most probably means______.
A．arriving at one’s destination
B．getting what one wants most
C．reaching a state of deep relaxation
D．finding out a suitable relaxation technique
正确答案：D
解析：由短语所在的那句话“the methods themselves are not as important as getting there”可知短语所指为“the methods”，即“finding out a suitable relaxation technique”，故D正确。

知识模块：阅读理解
4．As far as relaxation is concerned, the author indicates that______.
A．aims are more important than means
B．means are more important than aims
C．some relaxation techniques are better than others
D．more and more people are interested in relaxation techniques
正确答案：A
解析：由倒数第二段的内容可知方法是多种多样的，而目标只有一个。

所以相比之下目标更重要一些。

可知A项正确。

知识模块：阅读理解
5．The author’s attitude toward relaxation is best described as______.
A．critical
B．objective
C．optimistic
D．subjective
正确答案：B
解析：作者对于“放松”这一生理状态的描述应该是客观的，由第二段所描述的不同人的不同见解为例就可说明这一点。

知识模块：阅读理解
It seems clear that literature has become more and more a female activity. In bookstores, at conferences or public readings by writers, and even in university departments dedicated to the humanities, the women clearly outnumber the men. The explanation traditionally given is that middle-class women read more because they work fewer hours than men, and so many of them feel that they can justify more easily than men the time that they devote to fantasy and illusion. I am somewhat allergic(反感的)to explanations that divide men and women into frozen categories
and attribute to each sex its characteristic virtues and shortcomings; but there is no doubt that there are fewer and fewer readers of literature, and that among the saving remnant(剩余)of readers women predominate. This is the case almost everywhere. In Spain, for example, a recent survey organized by the General Society of Spanish Writers revealed that half of that country’s population has never read a book. The survey also revealed that in the minority that does read, the number of women who admitted to reading surpasses the number of men by 6. 2 percent, a difference that appears to be increasing. I am happy for these women, but I feel sorry for these men, and for the millions of human beings who could read but have decided not to read. They earn my pity not only because they are unaware of the pleasure that they are missing, but also because I am convinced that a society without literature, or a society in which literature has been relegated—like some hidden vice—to the margins of social and personal life, is a society condemned to become spiritually barbaric, and even to jeopardize(破坏)its freedom. I wish to offer a few arguments against the idea of literature as a luxury pastime, and in favor of viewing it as one of the most primary and necessary undertakings of the mind, an irreplaceable activity for the formation of citizens in a modern and democratic society, a society of free individuals. It seems clear that literature has become more and more a female activity. In bookstores, at conferences or public readings by writers, and even in university departments dedicated to the humanities, the women clearly outnumber the men. The explanation traditionally given is that middle-class women read more because they work fewer hours than men, and so many of them feel that they can justify more easily than men the time that they devote to fantasy and illusion. I am somewhat allergic(反感的)to explanations that divide men and women into frozen categories and attribute to each sex its characteristic virtues and shortcomings; but there is no doubt that there are fewer and fewer readers of literature, and that among the saving remnant(剩余)of readers women predominate. This is the case almost everywhere. In Spain, for example, a recent survey organized by the General Society of Spanish Writers revealed that half of that country’ s population has never read a book. The survey also revealed that in the minority that does read, the number of women who admitted to reading surpasses the number of men by 6. 2 percent, a difference that appears to be increasing. I am happy for these women, but I feel sorry for these men, and for the millions of human beings who could read but have decided not to read. They earn my pity not only because they are unaware of the pleasure that they are missing, but also because I am convinced that a society without literature, or a society in which literature has been relegated—like some hidden vice—to the margins of social and personal life, is a society condemned to become spiritually barbaric, and even to jeopardize(破坏)its freedom. I wish to offer a few arguments against the idea of literature as a luxury pastime, and in favor of viewing it as one of the most primary and necessary undertakings of the mind, an irreplaceable activity for the formation of citizens in a modern and democratic society, a society of free individuals.
6．According to the passage, which of the following statement is true?
A．Women read less than men.
B．Reading becomes more and more female-centered.
C．Most literature aims at women.
D．Women’ s characteristics lead to their hobby of reading.
正确答案：B
解析：根据第一段第一句“It seems clear thatliterature has become more and more a femaleactivity．”可知，B项正确。

A项与原文意思相反，根据第一段第三句“…middle-class womenread more because…”可知，应把“more”换成“fewer”；C项属无中生有；D项有一定迷惑性，但characteristics一词用得过于宽泛，文中也没有直接的信息可以推断出是女人们的性格导致了她们读书的喜好。

知识模块：阅读理解
7．The author considers traditional explanation ______.
A．logical
B．not convincing
C．not interesting
D．totally true
正确答案：B
解析：由题干关键词“explanation”定位至第一段第四句“I am somewhat allergic toexplanations that divide men and women intofrozen categories and attribute to each sex itscharacteristic virtues and shortcomings…”由此可见，作者不相信传统的解释，即认为传统解释没有说服力，故选B。

知识模块：阅读理解
8．The author cites the example of Spain in order to______.
A．explain the reasons why literature is more a female activity
B．show women always devote the time to fantasy and illusion
C．illustrate the phenomenon that literature is more a female activity existing in nearly every country
D．show how illiterate the Spanish people are
正确答案：C
解析：由题干关键词“Spain”定位至第二段前两句“This is the case almost everywhere．”这里的the case即指第一段第一句的内容，因而选C项。

A项具有一定的迷惑性，但是表述没有C项全面；B项虽然在文中都有提及，但是和题干关系不大；D项更非作者本意，故排除。

知识模块：阅读理解
9．What’ s the author’ s attitude towards the people who don’t read?
A．Pitiful.
B．Angry.
C．Agreeable.
D．Allergic.
正确答案：A
解析：由题干关键词“who don’t read”定位至第二段最后一句“…I feel sorry for thesemen，and for the millions of human beings whocould read but have decided not to read．”答案在第一段。

其中“sorry”和“pitiful”意思相近，故选A。

D 指的是作者反感的是将男女生硬地区分对待的解释，不合题意；B、C和这句话中所透露的作者的态度相差太远，故排除。

知识模块：阅读理解
10．It can be inferred from Para. 3 that______.
A．a society which lacks literature is an ideal society
B．if a society lacks literature, the freedom cannot be guaranteed
C．literature is a luxury pastime
D．literature is not a necessity in a democratic society
正确答案：B
解析：本题就第三段进行提问。

由该段中“…is a society condemned…to jeopardize itsfreedom”可判断，B是正确的。

A不符合事实；由该段倒数第二行“as one of the most…mind”可知，读书是一种基本需求，而不是奢侈的娱乐，故排除C；由该段倒数第一、二行“…anirreplaceable activity…democratic society”可知，文学对于民主社会来说是必需的，故排除D。

知识模块：阅读理解
In the United States today, nearly half of us live in areas that we refer to as the suburbs. Any dictionary will define the suburbs as those areas, usually residential, that lie outside cities and towns. But, for millions of Americans in the last thirty years, the suburbs have come to mean much more than that. For those who moved to the developing suburbs after the Second World War, they represented an escape from urban congestion to a home of one’s own—preferably one with an attached two-car garage on a little half-acre of tree-shaded land. It also meant daily communication to work by railroad or expressway, a lawn to mow, and a mortgage to pay off over the year. Nobody approves of life in the suburbs but the people who live there. Urban cities argue that suburbanites enjoy all the cultural, educational, and commercial advantages that cities offer without paying for them. Farmers worry about losing their farms to uncontrolled suburban sprawl. The suburbs have also been criticized for the monotonous sameness of their design and for their ability to insulate their inhabitants from the problems of larger society in which they live. On the other hand, defenders of the suburbs argue that the life-style that they offer is more varied and more inclusive than the critics admit; there are many different kinds of suburbs and a variety of people living in them. While the development of the suburbs has created problems, it also has provided substantial modern housing for millions of people. Suburban living offers the best of two worlds—the city and the country—at a price that many are able to afford. Many people will always prefer the hectic pace and excitement of life in the city, while others will want the more tranquil pace of life in the country. But, for those in either city or country who are willing to
compromise, the suburbs are waiting.
11．Evidence in the third paragraph suggested that________.
A．suburban areas are fully developed
B．farmers are unconcerned about suburban sprawl
C．suburban inhabitants enjoy active social life there
D．educational standards in the suburbs are not lower than those in the cities
正确答案：D
解析：由文章第三段可知，郊区居民也可以享用一切文化、教育和商业设施，这说明他们各方面的生活水准并不比城市居民低，而选项D所说的教育水准就是其中一个方面。

知识模块：阅读理解
12．The strongest argument against the suburbs is that________.
A．suburbanites enjoy the advantages of city life while paying for them
B．suburbs are all the same
C．suburbs are far away
D．suburbs have a lot of space
正确答案：B
解析：由题干关键词against可知，本题是对郊区生活的批评。

文章第三段第四句The suburbs have also been criticized for the monotonous sameness of their design and for their ability to insulate their inhabitants from the problems of larger society in which they live．谈到，郊区生活因其单调、千篇一律而受到批评。

知识模块：阅读理解
13．What can we learn about the suburban life?
A．Daily communication doesn’t characterize the suburban life.
B．Suburbans love apartment living.
C．Home ownership is a dream for the suburbans.
D．Mortgage payment features the suburban life.
正确答案：D
解析：文章第二段最后一句It also meant daily communication to work by railroad or expressway，a lawn to mow，and a mortgage to pay off over the year．讲到了郊区生活的特点，其中就包括要偿付住房贷款。

知识模块：阅读理解
14．What can we learn from the fourth paragraph?
A．Many different kinds of people live in the suburbs.
B．The style of suburban life is similar to that of urban life.
C．Suburban development has reduced many problems.
D．Suburban development has destroyed the environment.
正确答案：A
解析：从文章第四段可知郊区风格各异，居民也是形形色色。

知识模块：阅读理解
15．The best title for this passage is________.
A．Boring Commuters
B．How to Pay off a Mortgage
C．Life in the Suburbs
D．Urban Congestion
正确答案：C
解析：本文讲述了郊区生活的定义、特征和相关的争议及其优势，因此把“郊区生活”作为本文的题目最恰当。

知识模块：阅读理解
It seems clear that literature has become more and more a female activity. In bookstores, at conferences or public readings by writers, and even in university departments dedicated to the humanities, the women clearly outnumber the men. The explanation traditionally given is that middle-class women read more because they work fewer hours than men, and so many of them feel that they can justify more easily than men the time that they devote to fantasy and illusion. I am somewhat allergic to explanations that divide men and women into frozen categories and attribute to each sex its characteristic virtues and shortcomings; but there is no doubt that there are fewer and fewer readers of literature, and that among the saving remnant (剩余) of readers women predominate. This is the case almost everywhere. In Spain, for example, a recent survey organized by the General Society of Spanish Writers revealed that half of that country’s population has never read a book. The survey also revealed that in the minority that does read, the number of women who admitted to reading surpasses the number of men by 6. 2 percent, a difference that appears to be increasing. I am happy for these women, but I feel sorry for these men, and for the millions of human beings who could read but have decided not to read. They earn my pity not only because they are unaware of the pleasure that they are missing, but also because I am convinced that a society without literature, or a society in which literature has been relegated—like some hidden vice—to the margins of social and personal life, is a society condemned to become spiritually barbaric, and even to jeopardize (破坏) its freedom. I wish to offer a few arguments against the idea of literature as a luxury pastime, and in favor of viewing it as one of the most primary and necessary undertakings of the mind, an irreplaceable activity for the formation of citizens in a modern and democratic society, a society of free individuals.
16．According to the passage, which 01 the following statement is true?
A．Women read less than men.
B．Reading becomes more and more female-centered.
C．Most literature aims at women.
D．Women’s characteristics lead to their hobby of reading.
正确答案：B
解析：根据第一段第一句“It seems clear that literature has become more and more a female activity．”可知，B项正确。

A项与原文意思相反，根据第一段第三句“…middle—class women read more because…”可知，应把“more”换成“fewer”；C项属无中生有；D项有一定迷惑性，但characteristics一词用得过于宽泛，文中也没有直接的信息可以推断出是女人们的性格导致了她们读书的喜好。

知识模块：阅读理解
17．The author considers traditional explanation______.
A．logical
B．not convincing
C．not interesting
D．totally true
正确答案：B
解析：由题干关键词“explanation”定位至第一段第四句“I am somewhat allergic to explanations that divide men and women into frozen categories and attribute to each sex its characteristic virtues and shortcomings…”由此可见，作者不相信传统的解释，即认为传统解释没有说服力，故选B。

知识模块：阅读理解
18．The author cites the example of Spain in order to______.
A．explain the reasons why literature is more a female activity
B．show women always devote the time to fantasy and illusion
C．illustrate the phenomenon that literature is more a female activity existing in nearly every country
D．show how illiterate the Spanish people are
正确答案：C
解析：由题干关键词“Spain”定位至第二段前两句“This is the case almost everywhere．”这里的the case即指第一段第一句的内容，因而选C项。

A项具有一定的迷惑性，但是表述没有C项全面；B项虽然在文中都有提及，但是和题干关系不大；D项更非作者本意，故排除。

知识模块：阅读理解
19．What’s the author’s attitude towards the people who don’t read?
A．Pitiful.
B．Angry.
C．Agreeable.
D．Allergic.
正确答案：A
解析：由题干关键词“who don’t read”定位至第二段最后一句“…I feel sorry for these men，and for the millions of human beings who could read but have decided not to read．”答案在第一段。

其中“sorry”和“pitiful”意思相近，故选A。

D 指的是作者反感的是将男女生硬地区分对待的解释，不合题意；B、C和这句话中所透露的作者的态度相差太远，故排除。

知识模块：阅读理解
20．It can be inferred from Para. 3 that ______.
A．a society which lacks literature is an ideal society
B．if a society lacks literature, the freedom cannot be guaranteed
C．literature is a luxury pastime
D．literature is not a necessity in a democratic society
正确答案：B
解析：本题就第三段进行提问。

由该段中“…is a society condemned…to jeopardize its freedom”可判断，B是正确的。

A不符合事实；由该段倒数第二行“as one of the most…mind”可知，读书是一种基本需求，而不是奢侈的娱乐，故排除C；由该段倒数第一、二行“…an irreplaceable activity…democratic society”可知，文学对于民主社会来说是必需的，故排除D。

知识模块：阅读理解
Some pessimistic experts feel that the automobile is bound to fall into disuse . They see a day in the not-too-distant future when all autos will be abandoned and allowed to rust . Other authorities, however, think the auto is here to stay. They hold that the car will remain a leading means of urban travel in the foreseeable future. The motorcar will undoubtedly change significantly over the next 30 years. It should become smaller, safer, and more economical, and should not be powered by the gasoline engine. The car of the future should be far more pollution-free than present types. Regardless of its power source, the auto in the future will still be the main problem in urban traffic congestion(拥挤). One proposed solution to this problem is the automated highway system. When the auto enters the highway system, a retractable(可伸缩的)arm will drop from the auto and make contact with a rail, which is similar to those powering subway trains electrically. Once attached to the rail, the car will become electrically powered from the system, and control of the vehicle will pass to a central computer. The computer will then monitor all of the car’s movements. The driver will use a telephone to dial instructions about his destination into the system. The computer will calculate the best route, and reserve space for the car all the way to the correct exit from the highway. The driver will then be free to relax and wait for the buzzer(蜂鸣器)that will warn him of his coming exit. It is estimated that an automated highway will be able to handle 10,000 vehicles per hour, compared with the 1 ,500 to 2,000 vehicles that can be carried by a present-day highway.
21．One significant improvement in the future car will probably be ______.
A．its power source
B．its driving system
C．its monitoring system
D．its seating capacity
正确答案：C
解析：通读全文可知，未来汽车将在各个方面进行改进，但力度最大的应该是监控系统，因此正确答案为C。

知识模块：阅读理解
22．What is the author’ s main concern?
A．How to render automobiles pollution free.
B．How to make smaller and safer automobiles.
C．How to solve the problem of traffic jams.
D．How to develop an automated subway system.
正确答案：C
解析：从文章第三段第一句：“…the auto inthe future will still be the main problem in urbantraffic congestion”可知，作者主要关心的还是如何解决交通堵塞的问题。

因此选项C为正确答案。

知识模块：阅读理解
23．What provides autos with electric power in an automated highway system?
A．A rail.
B．An engine.
C．A retractable arm.
D．A computer controller.
正确答案：A
解析：从文章第四段的叙述：“…and makecontact with a rail．．．．Once attached to the rail．．．the car will become electrically powered fromthe system…”可知，A 为正确答案。

知识模块：阅读理解
24．In an automated highway system, all the driver needs to do is to______.
A．keep in the right lane
B．wait to arrive at his destination
C．keep in constant touch with the computer center
D．inform the system of his destination by phone
正确答案：D
解析：文章的最后一段表示“The driver willuse a telephone to dial instructions about hisdestination in to the system”(在计算机监控系统下，司机将通过电话告诉系统自己的目的地)。

故选D。

知识模块：阅读理解
25．What is the author’ s attitude toward the future of autos?
A．Enthusiastic.
B．Pessimistic.
C．Optimistic.
D．Cautious.
正确答案：C
解析：通读全文可以推断，由于计算机监控系统的使用，作者对汽车的前景是持乐观态度的。

因此正确答案为C。

知识模块：阅读理解。