用合并句子法讲解定语从句

用合并句子法讲解定语从句

定语从句是高中英语教学中重要的语法部分，同时也是为下一步学好其他从句（名词性从句）打好基础。但在实际英语教学中，学生因为对英语句子成分没有清晰的概念，所以导致对定语从句知其然而不知其所以然。在教授定语从句时，应先从句子成分入手，使学生先了解什么是定语，然后在利用合并句子的方式解析定语从句是如何构成的，并引出引导词的使用方法。

一、什么是定语

句子中修饰名词或代词的成分叫做定语。定语可以由形容词，名词，不定式，分词，动名词或从句来充当。

eg:

I bought an (expensive) computer. （形容词）

I met someone( funny) on my way to school. （形容词）（修饰不定代词的定语后置）

she is an( English) teacher. （名词）

I have a lot of work( to do). （不定式）

The book( written by Tom) is very popular now. （过去分词短语）

We can see the (rising) sun. （现在分词）= the sun is rising.

He is in the( reading) room. (动名词) = the room for reading

The boy (who broke the window)is Tom’s brother. （从句）

二、定语从句

两个术语：先行词，关系词

先行词：被修饰的名词、名词词组或代词

关系词（关系代词或关系副词）：连接先行词与定语从句的词。

关系代词有：who, whom, whose, that, which等；关系副词有：when, where, why等；

1、关系词在定语从句中充当主语

先行词为人时

（1）两个单句为The boys are from Class One. The boys are playing football.

（2）第一句为主句，第二句为从句，将两个单句合并为一句。

The boys（the boys are playing football）are from Class One.

(3) 括号中句子里的主语the boys, 和先行词是同一个词，应该用关系词替换从句中重复

的the boys. The boys 在从句中作主语，关系词中能作主语并代表人的是who, that The boys（who\that are playing football）are from Class One.

(4) who\that==the boys, 在定语从句中做主语的成分，并连接先行词和定语从句。

先行词为物时

（1）I found the letter. The letter came yesterday.

（2）I found The letter( the letter came yesterday).

（3）用关系词替换从句中重复的the letter, 关系词中能作主语并代表物的是which, that

I found The letter(which\that came yesterday).

（4）which\that==the letter, 在定语从句中做主语的成分，并连接先行词和定语从句。

2. 关系词在定语从句中充当宾语

先行词为人时

（1）The man is my friend. You met the man just now

（2）The man (you met the man just now) is my friend.

（3）用关系词替换从句中重复的the man, 关系词中能作宾语并代表人的是whom, that The man (whom\that you met just now) is my friend.

（4）whom\that==the man, 在定语从句中做宾语的成分，并连接先行词和定语从句。

做宾语的关系词whom\that 可以省略The man ( you met just now) is my friend.

先行词为物时

（1）This is the pen. He bought the pen yesterday.

（2）This is the pen (he bought the pen yesterday).

（3）用关系词替换从句中重复的the pen, 关系词中能作宾语并代表物的是which, that This is the pen (which\that he bought yesterday).

（4）which\that==the pen, 在定语从句中做宾语的成分，并连接先行词和定语从句。

做宾语的关系词which\that 可以省略This is the pen (he bought yesterday).

3. 关系词在定语从句中充当定语

(1) I helped the man. The man’s car was broken.

(2) I helped the man (the man’s car was broken).

(3) the man’s 是名词所有格，起到定语的作用修饰car, 用关系词替换从句中重复的the man, 关系词中能作定语，表示“谁的”是whose

I helped the man (whose car was broken).

(4) whose=the man’s, 在定语从句中做定语，并连接先行词和定语从句。

Whose不但可以表示“谁的”，还可以指物，表示“什么的”。例如：

I once lived in a house. The roof of the house has fallen in.

I once lived in a house (the roof of the house has fallen in).

I once lived in a house (whose roof has fallen in).

此句还可以改为：

I once lived in a house (the roof of which has fallen in).

4. 关系词在定语从句中充当状语时

时间状语

(1) I still remember the day. I first came to the school on the day.

(2) I still remember the day (I first came to the school on the day).

(3)重复的词是the day, on the day在从句中充当时间状语的成分，关系词中能作时间状语的词是when.

I still remember the day (when I first came to the school).

(4) when=on the day, 在定语从句中做时间状语，并连接先行词和定语从句。

地点状语

(1) The house has been pulled down. I lived in the house ten years ago.

(2) The house (I lived in the house ten years ago) has been pulled down.

(3)重复的词是the house, in the house在从句中做地点状语的成分，关系词中能作地点状语的词是where.

The house (where I lived ten years ago) has been pulled down.

(4) where=in the house, 在定语从句中做地点状语，并连接先行词和定语从句。