【英语】 英语阅读理解(社会文化)专题练习(及答案)

【英语】英语阅读理解(社会文化)专题练习(及答案)
一、高中英语阅读理解社会文化类
1．阅读理解
The United States is home to 562 recognized American Indian Nations each with its own language.
Yet the number of native. Americans with the ability to speak their tribe's language has decreased over the past century.
Now, Indian Nations are trying different ways to expand the number of native speakers, and increase interest in their communities to learn tribal languages.
Since the late 1800s many American Indian children have attended boarding schools. At that time, Indian children were required to attend schools by law, and the government forced Indian families to send their children to such schools.
The children were separated from their families. and given English name The teachers often taught native American students in English, instead of the language of their parents. They were told they needed to learn English in order to get a job, earn money and buy a house or nice things.
However, fearing a loss of history and culture, the Indian Nations are experimenting with new ways to increase the language ability of tribal members.
At least one organization is turning to modern technology---The Sealaska Heritage Institute, a nonprofit group, has developed two apps for speakers of the Tlingit language.
The "Learning Tlingit" app serves as a reference for important language topics such as conversation phrases, number, and letters.
The Tlingit tribe has about 10, 000 members. They live mainly in southeastern Alaska. But as of 2013, the tribe had only 125 native speakers left. in addition, very few young people are able to speak Tlingit.
Currently there are two apps, called "Learning Tlingit" and "Tlingit Language Games". The "Learning Tlingit" app serves as a language guide. It provides Tlingit words and expressions, the tribal alphabet, as well as a basic list of the words included. With the "Tlingit Language Games" app, users are given a choice of different places of environments, like a house, forest or ocean.（1）What is the problem the native Americans are facing now?
A.The number of native Americans has been increasing.
B.Fewer and fewer native Americans speak their own language.
C.Their native language has been extinct.
D.It's hard to increase the interest of hearing native languages.
（2）What will be the result if more and more native Americans only speak English?
A.They will get better jobs and higher pay.
B.They will teach their own children to speak English.
C.They will lose their history and culture.
D.They will get along well with the government.
（3）What can we know about Tlingit?
A.It can help the native people know some language topics.
B.It can help the: native people earn money and buy a. house or nice things
C.It is a very popular app among the native speakers
D.It is a native language spoken by fewer than 200 people.
（4）What is the main idea of the passage?
A.American Indian tribes' efforts to increase native speakers.
B.Reasons for the disappearance of some American Indian languages.
C.Ways to help the native tribes lead a traditional life.
D.The popularity of the language learning apps.
【答案】（1）B
（2）C
（3）D
（4）A
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，美国的印第安人正在使用新的方法来增加本族语言的使用，否则，他们的本族语言将面临严重的危机。

（1）考查细节理解。

根据第二段中的“Yet the number of n ative. Americans with the ability to speak their tribe's language has decreased over the past century. ”但是能说他们本族语言的本地美国人的数量在过去的一个世纪中已将减少。

可知，会说本族语的美国土著的人数在过去的一个多世纪中已经减少了，故选B。

（2）考查细节理解。

根据第六段中的“However, fearing a loss of history and culture, the Indian Nations are experimenting with new ways to increase the language ability of tribal members.”然而，害怕失去自己的历史和文化，许多印第安部落尝试新的方法来提升族人的本族语使用能力。

可知，如果越来越多的族人只说英语，他们将会失去自己的历史和文化。

故选C。

（3）考查细节理解。

根据第九段中的“The Tlingit tribe has about 10, 000 members. They live mainly in sou theastern Alaska. But as of 2013, the tribe had only 125 native speakers left.”特林吉特部落有大约一万人。

他们主要居住在阿拉斯加东南部。

但是就2013年的统计，这个部落只有125人可以说自己民族的语言，可知，现在仅仅有不到两百人可以说这种语言了，故选D。

（4）考查主旨大意。

本文前六段描述了美国印第安人在民族语言方面面临的处境以及这一处境引起的担忧，最后四段提出了针对这一问题的解决方案：美国的印第安人正在使用新的方法（app）来增加本族语使用人数。

选项A中efforts能凸显人们这一问题的担心及在努力寻求解决方案方面所做的努力。

故选A。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和主旨大意两个题型的考查，是一篇文化类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，同时根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

2．阅读理解
Shakespeare's Globe Exhibition & Tour is a unique international resource to explore Shakespeare's work. Open all year round, it gives you an opportunity to learn more about the most famous playwright(剧作家), Shakespeare, and helps you seek to further the experience and
international understanding of him.
Group Visits to the Exhibition & Tour
Opening Hours
Theatre Tours:
Monday - Sunday: 9:30 a.m.- 5:00 p.m.
Exhibition:
Monday - Sunday: 9:00 a.m.- 5:00 p.m.
Groups of 15 people or more are required to pre-book their visit, and each group will have its own guide for free. To make a reservation, please fill in a Group Request Form and return it to us via email.
Exhibition and Tour Prices
Adult: $15.00
Senior (60+): $13.50
Student (with valid ID): $11.50
Child (5-15): $ 8.00
Complimentary: Every 16th person free
Getting here
Shakespeare's Globe 21 New Globe Walk, London SEl9DT,UK
We have currently improved security, with all bags being checked. Please arrive in good time, and do not bring any large bags and check the calendar before your visit or call+44(0)20 7902 1500 to find out about our latest opening times.
Visitors are advised to arrive by public transport or by taxi. There is a car park on Thames Exchange on the north side of Southwark Bridge (open 24 hours, seven days a week). Cabs may be found all year round on Southwark Bridge. It may also be possible to pick one up from outside the entrance hall on New Globe Walk.
Where to eat
Swan at Shakespeare's Globe serves modern British seasonal food for dinner, afternoon tea or drinks in our beautiful bar and restaurant set over two floors, available for pre- and post-theatre dining.
Swan Restaurant
Monday- Friday: 12 noon - 2:30 p.m. & 6:00 p.m.- 10:30 p.m.
Saturday: 12 noon- 3:30 p.m. & 6:00 p.m.
Sunday: 12 noon- 9: 00 p.m.
（1）When can you pay a visit to the exhibition?
A. Friday at 12:00 p.m.
B. Monday at 8: 00 a.m.
C. Saturday at 5: 30 p.m.
D. Sunday at 7: 00 p.m.
（2）If a group of 20 children visit the Exhibition & Tour, what is required for them to do?
A. They need to hire a guide themselves.
B. They must be accompanied by an adult.
C. They have to pay $160 for tickets in total.
D. They need to email for a reservation in advance.
（3）Which of the following applies to visitors?
A. They're able to get a taxi near Southwark Bridge.
B. They can park on the south side of Southwark Bridge.
C. They are required to deposit their bags before entering.
D. It's more convenient to drive there than taking public transport.
（4）What can we know about Swan Restaurant?
A. Afternoon lea is not served on Sunday.
B. It serves traditional seasonal food for diner.
C. It is closed from 3 p.m.to 5 p.m. on workdays.
D. It serves three meals, drinks and afternoon tea.
【答案】（1）A
（2）D
（3）A
（4）C
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，向游客介绍了参观莎士比亚环球展厅的相关服务信息。

（1）考查细节理解。

根据“Exhibition ‘Monday - Sunday: 9:00 a.m.- 5:00 p.m.’”可知，展览从周一到周日上午9点到下午5点营业。

所以在周五下午两点能够参观展览。

故选A。

（2）考查推理判断。

根据Exhibition部分中的“Groups of 15 people or more are required to pre-book their visit...To make a reservation, please fill in a Group Request Form and return it to us via email.”可知，15人或以上的团体须预先预订其行程。

如欲订购，请填写团体申请表，并通过电子邮件返回给我们。

所以如果有20名儿童参观参观展厅，他们需要通过电子邮件提前预定。

故选D。

（3）考查推理判断。

根据Getting here部分中的“ Cabs may be found all year round on Southwark Bridge”可知，在Southwark Bridge可能全年都有出租车。

所以判断出游客能在Southwark Bridge附近打到出租车。

故选A。

（4）考查推理判断。

根据Swan Restaurant部分中的“Monday- Friday: 12 noon - 2:30 p.m. & 6:00 p.m.- 10:30 p.m.”可知，天鹅宾馆的营业时间是周一至周五中午12点到下午2：30，下午6点到晚上10:30。

所以判断出周一至周五工作日期间，下午3点到下午5点是闭馆的。

故选C。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇介绍类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，同时根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。

3．阅读理解
It is commonly believed that the earliest Chinese paper-cutsappeared during the sixth century. Some scholars believe it was even earlier.Legend has it that during the Western Han Dynasty(206BC-AD24), Emperor Wudi wasvery sad after one of his favorite concubines, Madame Li, died. A Taoistpriest, Li Shaoweng, cut a piece of hemp paper in the shape of Madame Li. Whenevening fell, the emperor's servants lit candles in his bedroom; the reflectionof that paper-cut on the wall made the emperor think about his belovedconcubine.
The Yuxian paper-cut is different from most paper-cutsproduced in other regions of China. Paper-cuts from other regions are mostlycut with scissors or knives from single-colored paper, such as red or blackpaper.
There are four major procedures to making the Yuxianpaper-cut: First, sketch the pattern on the draft paper; second, fasten thedraft to the paper to be cut; third, use a knife to carve out the pattern; andfourth, dye (染色)the paper-cut with various colors.
Precise cutting skills are needed to make a piece of theYuxian paper-cut, which highlights the craft maker's artistic taste and dyeingskills. That explains the following saying: "The successful making of aYuxian paper-cut is 30 percent dependent on the maker's cutting skills, and 70percent on the maker's dyeing skills."
The traditional Yuxian paper-cut highlights two themes:flowers and characters in Chinese operas. The paper-cut is particularly knownfor its vivid description of characters in various traditional Chinese operas.In October 2009, the art of Yuxian's paper-cut was added to the list ofIntangible Cultural Heritage (非物质文化遗产) established by UNESCO (United NationsEducational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization).
（1）The first paragraph is actually about___________.
A. Emperor Wudi's favorite concubine
B. the origins of Chinese paper-cuts
C. the inventor of Chinese paper-cut
D. one of the themes of Yuxian paper-cut
（2）Which is the most important skill of making paper-cut?
A. Drawing skill.
B. Cutting skill.
C. Dyeing skill.
D. Carving skill
（3）According to the passage, the Yuxian paper-cut is especially famous for its__________.
A. lively images of characters in classic operas
B. traditional Chinese operas
C. Chinese cultural influence on operas
D. advanced cutting techniques
（4）What is the best title for the passage?
A. The Earliest Chinese Legend
B. The Yuxian Paper-cut Skills
C. Emperor Wudi's Sad Story
D. Chinese Yuxian Paper-cut
【答案】（1）B
（2）C
（3）A
（4）D
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了中国蔚县剪纸。

（1）考查段落大意。

根据第一段可知，介绍了中国剪纸的起源。

故选B。

（2）考查细节理解。

根据第三段中的“The successful making of a Yuxian paper-cut is 30 percent dependent on the maker's cutting skills, and 70 percent on the maker's dyeing skills.”蔚县剪纸的成功制作30 %取决于制作人的切割技巧，70 %取决于制作人的染色技巧。

可知染色技巧对于剪纸最重要。

故选C。

（3）考查细节理解。

根据第四段中的“The paper-cut is particularly known for its vivid description of characters in various traditional Chinese operas”剪纸以其对各种传统戏曲中人物的生动描述而闻名。

可知，选A。

（4）考查主旨大意。

通读全文可知，短文主要介绍了蔚县剪纸有四个主要步骤。

制作蔚县剪纸需要精确的切割技巧，这突出了手工艺者的艺术品味和染色技巧。

传统蔚县剪纸突出了两个主题:中国戏曲中的花和人物。

这些都是围绕着“中国蔚县剪纸”这个主题展开的。

故选D。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，段落大意和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇文化类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，同时根据上下文进行推理，归纳，从而选出正确答案。

4．阅读理解
The influence of America is increasing in my country. Spanish people drink Coca Cola, wear blue jeans, watch Hollywood movies, listen to American music, and eat fast food, and they do these things every day.
I think that American movies are a good way to spread American culture because people are often influenced by what they see in the movies. Most of the programs and documentaries(记录片) we watch on TV are from America, and most of the movies we go to see are made in Hollywood.
In the last few years, the government has tried to protect the Spanish movies. Now, in our cinemas, at least twenty percent of the movies which are shown must be from Spain or from other countries in Europe.
American culture is a part of Spanish life now. It's certain that many things from America are as much a part of people's lives as Spanish things. For example, Coca Cola is as familiar to everybody as any typical Spanish product. I've known about Coca Cola for my whole life.
However, it's different with Western fast food. For example, I don't think McDonald's is as successful in Spain as it is in other countries. In my opinion, one of the reasons may be the lifestyle of the Spanish people, The Spanish people normally eat at home.
On the other hand, maybe McDonald's hamburgers will eventually replace the famous Spanish tapas. It's true that in every city in Spain you can find a McDonald's, and it is more popular among the Spanish children than among the adults. In any case, it's obvious that American culture is becoming more and more a part of our lives every day.
（1）From the first paragraph we can know that .
A. the influence of America on Spain can be found everywhere.
B. most Spanish people don't like to listen to their own music,
C. fast food spreads from Spain to the United States.
D. some Spanish actors go to America to improve their acting skills.
（2）What plays an important part in the spreading of American culture in Spain?
A. American novels.
B. Hollywood movies.
C. McDonald.
D. American music.（3）Why did the government set some rules for the films shown in Spain?
A. To protect foreign culture in Spain.
B. To earn more money from Spanish films.
C. To limit the number of foreign movie.
D. To unite European Communities.
（4）What do you think Spanish tapas might be?
A. The name of a drink.
B. The name of a restaurant.
C. A clothing brand.
D. A certain kind of food.
【答案】（1）A
（2）B
（3）C
（4）D
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，讲述了美国对作者家乡西班牙有很大的影响，美国人的饮食习惯。

穿着习惯和生活习惯都极大影响了西班牙人。

(1)考查细节理解。

根据第一段可知，到处都可以发现美国对西班牙的影响。

选A。

(2)考查细节理解。

根据第二段中的“I think that American movies are a good way to spread American culture”可知，故答案选B。

(3)考查推理判断。

根据第二段中的“In the last few years, the government has tried to protect the Spanish movies. Now, in our cinemas, at least twenty percent of the movies which are shown must be from Spain or from other countries in Europe.”可推断出，西班牙政府给在西班牙上演的电影制定一些规则是为了限制外国电影的数量，保护西班牙的电影。

选C。

(4)考查推理判断。

根据最后一段中的“On the other hand, maybe McDonald's hamburgers will eventually replace the famous Spanish tapas.”可知，或许麦当劳的汉堡将最终取代著名的西班牙tapas，由此可推断tapas指西班牙的一种食品。

选D。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇文化类阅读，要求考生准确掌握细节信息，并进一步根据上下文进行分析，推理，从而选出正确答案。

5．阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。

A name is more than just a word. It carries the weight of a person's whole identity. A name can represent a person's ethnicity (种族身份) and culture, or show respect for their ancestral roots. A self-given name may represent a person's beliefs or chosen identity.
Everyone has the right to have their name pronounced correctly. It is a sign of respect for a person's individuality. "A person's name is to him or her the sweetest and most important sound in any language," Dale Carnegie writes in his book How to Win Friends and Influence People. Behind each name is a story, and when a name is anglicized (英语化), mispronounced, or ignored, that story is dismissed.
A name mispronounced for a long time can negatively impact a person's attitude toward their own identity. It can create feelings of shame or embarrassment because they are made to feel like a burden. In the long term, this might cause someone to distance themselves from their roots. They may begin shying away from their native language, culture, and family for the sake of fitting in.
In order to avoid this, many international students living in the U.S. choose English names. People shouldn't have to ignore their identities for the sake of someone else's convenience.
Everyone makes mistakes, and not everyone can get a name right on the first try. Mispronouncing a name repeatedly, however, shows a lack of effort. It is not okay to be
comfortable with mispronouncing names, and being unfamiliar with a language is no excuse.
If you're unsure whether you're pronouncing a name correctly, just ask. Think of it as a way to expand and strengthen understanding, both personally and culturally. When meeting someone for the first time, make sure that you heard the name correctly. It doesn't take a lot to simply repeat the name back. Spell it out. Write it down. Do whatever you have to do to get the name right. Making the effort to correctly pronounce someone's name is an essential part of cultural competency (文化素养). Without this, we cannot expect to show respect and tolerance for our diverse community.
（1）What may a person's name tell us?
A. His cultural background.
B. His physical appearance.
C. His favorite sound.
D. His attitude to life.
（2）What's the long-term influence of mispronouncing ones name?
A. The feeling of shame may be caused.
B. The person may feel over-burdened.
C. The character of the person may change.
D. The person may try to hide his roots.
（3）What does the writer think of mispronouncing a name repeatedly?
A. It is unavoidable.
B. It is unacceptable.
C. It strengthens friendship.
D. It shows discrimination.
（4）What's the last paragraph mainly about?
A. How to show our respect for others.
B. How to avoid mispronouncing names.
C. How to improve our pronunciation.
D. How to live harmoniously in a community.
【答案】（1）A
（2）D
（3）B
（4）B
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了人的名字所代表的含义。

一个名字不仅仅是一个单词。

它承载着一个人整个身份的重量。

名字可以代表一个人的种族和文化，也可以表示对祖先的尊重。

一个自取的名字可能代表一个人的信仰或选择的身份。

（1）考查细节理解。

根据第一段中的“A name can represent a person's ethnicity (种族身份) and culture, or show respect for their ancestral roots.”名字可以代表一个人的种族和文化，也可以表示对祖先的尊重。

可知，一个人的名字可以告诉他的文化背景。

故选A。

（2）考查细节理解。

根据第三段中的“In the long term, this might cause someone to distance themselves from their roots.”从长远来看，这可能会导致一些人远离自己的根。

可知，读错名字的长期影响是这个人可能会试图隐藏他的根源。

故选D。

（3）考查推理判断。

根据第五段中的“Mispronouncing a name repeatedly, however, sh ows a lack of effort. It is not okay to be comfortable with mispronouncing names, and being unfamiliar with a language is no excuse.”然而，反复念错一个名字，表明你缺乏努力。

对名字念错感到不舒服是不好的，不熟悉一门语言也不是借口。

可知，作者对一个名字反复发错音这是不可接受的。

故选B。

（4）考查段落大意。

根据第一段中的“If you're unsure whether you're pronouncing a name correctly, just ask. Think of it as a way to expand and strengthen understanding, both personally
and culturally.“如果你不确定你的名字发音是否正确，直接问。

把它看作是扩展和加强理解的一种方式，无论是个人的还是文化的。

”可知，最后一段讲述的是“如何避免名字发音错误。

”故选B。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和段落大意大意三个题型的考查，是一篇文化类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

6．阅读理解
Nobel prize winners sometimes display as much uniqueness when deciding how to spend their prize money as they did on the work that won them the award in the first place.
When Sir Paul Nurse won the Nobel Prize for Medicine in 2001, he decided to upgrade his motorbike. A fellow winner in 1993, Richard Roberts, installed a croquet lawn in front of his house. Austrian author Elfriede Jelinek, who won in 2004, said the prize meant "financial independence."
Lars Heikensten, executive director of the Nobel Foundation, said there were no obvious shopping trends among winners.
"I think it depends a lot on which country they come from, their personal finances... what kind of incomes they have when they get the prize," he said.
Real estate, however, is a popular option, at least among those willing to reveal what they spend the money on. Phillip Sharp, the American co-winner of the 1993 medicine prize, decided to splash out on a 100-year-old Federal style house. "I took that money and bought a little bit bigger house... It's a beautiful old place," he told AFP(法新社), adding that "The money is a nice part of the process", but "the important thing about the prize is the recognition."
For winners of the peace prize the decision is often more clear-cut, as the honor tends to go to politicians, organizations and activists who are under more public supervision. Many, like US President Barack Obama in 2009 and the European Union in 2012, donate to charities.
Literature winners tend to be more private about how they use the money, but the choice is often equally straightforward. "Even if Nobel-winning authors are quite well known, many of them will not have made much money from writing," said Anna Gunder, a Nobel literature expert at Uppsala University. While the prize might keep the wolf from the door for some years, giving them freedom to write, it can also briefly have the opposite effect. "It really changes their careers… During th e first year after they've won they often write less, but they generally continue after a year or two," said Gunder.
（1）From the passage, we learn that ______.
A. The money is actually the best part of the Nobel Prize
B. Nobel winners have great originality in using prize money
C. Few winners would spend their prize money on houses
D. Winners become more independent on their country
（2）Which of the following is closest in meaning to the underlined phrase "clear-cut" in paragraph 6?
A. open
B. private
C. unique
D. complex
（3）According to the passage, in the first year after winning Noble Prize, literature winners may .
A. become less productive
B. make more money from writing
C. have the freedom to create more and better works
D. disappear from the public eyes for a period of time
【答案】（1）B
（2）A
（3）A
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了诺贝尔奖获得者在决定如何花他们的奖金时展现出很多的独特性。

比如，房产就是众多诺贝尔奖获得者喜欢投资的方向。

作者还提到了诺贝尔和平奖获得者对奖金的花费更公开，而文学家获得者对奖金的花费更私人化。

（1）考查推理判断。

根据第一段可知，诺贝尔奖获得者在决定如何花他们的奖金时展现出很多的独特性。

originality"独创性，创造性"，故选B。

（2）考查词义猜测。

根据第六段中的“For winners of the peace prize the decision is often more clear-cut, as the honor tends to go to politicians, organizations and activists who are under more public supervision. ”诺贝尔和平奖得主的奖金如何用的决定通常会更清晰，公开。

因为和平奖通常会由政治家、组织及活动家获得，而他们通常处在更多的公众监管之下。

故选A。

（3）考查推理判断。

根据最后一段中的"During the first year after they've won they often write less,..."可知在获得诺贝尔奖之后的第一年，作家作品会少一些。

故选A。

【点评】本题考点涉及词义猜测和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇文化类阅读，要求考生根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，从而选出正确答案。

7．阅读理解
The theatre in Shakespeare's time was much different than it is today. Authors wrote plays for the masses, especially those who couldn't read or write.
The theatre changed a lot during Shakespeare's lifetime. The authorities didn't like it and didn't allow acting in the city itself: They thought it had a bad influence on people and kept them from going to church. Queen Elizabeth, on the other hand, loved acting and helped the theatre become popular.
The theatre in Shakespeare's time was full of life. People did not sit all the time and it was not quiet during the performance. The audience could walk around, eat and drink during the play. Theaters were open arenas or playhouses that had room for up to three thousand people. There was almost no scenery because the dialogue was the most important part of the play. Colourful and well-designed costumes were very important and told the people about the status of a character. Women never performed in plays, 80 young boys played female characters. The performances took place in the afternoon because it was too dark at night.
There was no stage crew as there is today. Actors had to do everything themselves-from making costumes to setting the stage. Plays were organized by acting companies. They performed
about 6 different plays each week because they needed money to survive. They had almost no time to rehearse (排练).
The companies in Shakespeare's time had a rank system. The company belonged to shareholders and managers. They were responsible for everything and got most of the money when the company was successful. Sometimes they even owned their own buildings. Actors worked for the managers and after some time became a permanent member of the company. Apprentices (学徒) were young boys and were allowed to act in unimportant role. They also played female characters in plays.
（1）Why was the theatre banned by the authorities?
A. It was much different than before.
B. They thought it affected people negatively.
C. They thought it kept people going to church.
D. The queen didn't like it.
（2）What does the underlined word "arenas" in Paragraph 4 mean?
A. Stages.
B. Stores.
C. Companies.
D. Playgrounds.
（3）What do we know about then actors?
A. They could drink during the play.
B. Women had to cross-dress male characters.
C. They had stage crew to help them.
D. They were too busy to practice.
（4）What is the author's purpose in writing the text?
A. To remember Shakespeare.
B. To show his love of Shakespeare's plays.
C. To introduce theaters in Shakespeare's time.
D. To discuss the company's rank system.
【答案】（1）B
（2）A
（3）D
（4）C
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了莎士比亚时代的戏剧表演的情况以及当时演员的状况。

（1）考查细节理解。

根据第二段中的“The authorities didn't l ike it and didn't allow acting in the city itself: They thought it had a bad influence on people and kept them from going to church.”可知，当权者不喜欢戏剧，不允许在城市里表演，因为他们认为对人们有不好的影响，所以阻止人们去教堂，故选B。

（2）考查词义猜测。

根据第四段中的“Theaters were open arenas or playhouses that had ro om for up to three thousand people. ”可知arenas与playhouses 是同义词，playhouses是一个可以容纳多达3000观众的地方看戏剧表演的地方，因而arenas是开阔的舞台，故选A。

（3）考查推理判断。

根据倒数第二段中的“They performed about 6 different plays each week because they needed money to survive. They had almost no time to rehearse (排练).”可知，每周表演六个不同的戏剧，因此没有时间排练，可知他们很忙，故选D。

（4）考查写作意图。

根据文章可知，本文主要介绍了莎士比亚时代的戏剧表演的情况以及当时演员的状况，故本文在介绍莎士比亚时代的剧院，故选C。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测，推理判断和写作意图四个题型的考查，是一篇文化类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

8．The passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.
In a career that lasted more than half a century, Tom Wolfe wrote fiction and nonfiction best-sellers including The Electric Kool-Aid Acid Test and The Bonfire of the Vanities. Along the way, he created a new type of journalism and coined phrases that became part of the American vocabulary.
Wolfe began working as a newspaper reporter, first for The Washington Post, then the New York Herald Tribune. He developed a literary style in nonfiction that became known as the "New Journalism." "I've always agreed on a theoretical level that the techniques for fiction and nonfiction are interchangeable," he said. "The things that work in nonfiction would work in fiction, and vice versa."
"When Tom Wolfe's voice broke into the world of nonfiction, it was a time when a lot of writers, and a lot of artists in general, were turning inwards," says Lev Grossman, book critic for Time magazine. "Wolfe didn't do that. Wolfe turned outwards. He was a guy who was interested in other people." Wolfe was interested in how they thought, how they did things and how the things they did affected the world around them.
In 1979, Wolfe published The Right Stuff, an account of the military test pilots who became America's first astronauts. Four years later, the book was adapted as a feature film. "The Right Stuff was the book for me," says Grossman. "It reminded me, in case I'd forgotten, that the world is an incredible place."
In The Right Stuff, Wolfe popularized the phrase "pushing the envelope." In a New York magazine article, Wolfe described the 1970s as "The 'Me' Decade." Grossman says these phrases became part of the American idiom because they were accurate.
"He was an enormously forceful observer, and he was not afraid of making strong claims about what was happening in reality," Grossman says. "He did it well and people heard him. And they repeated what he said because he was right." All those words started a revolution in nonfiction that is still going on.
（1）The "New Journalism" is a style of journalism that .
A. changes its news writing techniques frequently
B. popularizes new American idioms in a literary way
C. combines novelistic techniques with traditional reporting
D. reports various news events from a theoretical perspective
（2）It can be learned from the passage that The Right Stuff .
A. is a film directed by Lev Grossman
B. is an influential book by Tom Wolfe
C. accounts for popular American phrases
D. deals with incredible places in the world
（3）According to the passage, Tom Wolfe .。