湖南农业大学职业教育学2017年、2018年考研真题试题

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湖南农业大学考研试题611教育学专业基础综合(2015~2017年)

6、教育学把教师从事教育教学活动时的基本行为规范和职业行为要求称为（）A、教师的道德形象B、教师的人格形象C、教师的文化形象D、教师的政治形象7、师生关系通常可分为社会关系、教育关系和（）A、契约关系B、人际关系C、心理关系D、合作关系8、“课程应以儿童的活动为中心”这是（）的观点。

A、存在主义课程论B、学科中心课程论C、后现代主义课程论D、经验主义课程论9、布鲁的认知结构教学理论在教学目标上强调（）A、学生行为的改变B、发展学生的智力，特别是创造性思维能力C、掌握系统的科学知识与基本技能D、培养自我发展和自我实现的人10、我国学校德育的基本内容有道德教育、政治教育、思想教育和（）A、法制教育B、心理健康教育C、生态教育D、通识教育11、在文化教育上重要特征表现为“学在官府”的朝代是（）A 商代 B夏代 C西周 D东周12、在教育对象上实行“有教无类”主张的教育家是（）A、荀子B、孔子C、孟子D、庄子13、汉代首先提出“独尊儒术”思想的是（）A、王充B、郑玄C、贾谊D、董仲舒14、民国时期积极倡导和支持“教育独立”的教育家是（）A、杨贤江B、陶行知C、鲁迅D、蔡元培15、主持1929-1936年河北定县乡村平民教育实验的教育家是（）A、陈鹤琴B、梁漱溟C、晏阳初D、黄炎培16、《理想国》的作者是（）A、苏格拉底B、柏拉图C、亚里士多德D、智者派17、西方教育史上第一本专门研究教育理论的著作是昆体良写的（）A、《爱弥尔》B、《教育论》C、《忏悔录》D、《论演说家的培养》18、在《教育漫话》里提出“白板说”的著名教育家是（）A、斯宾塞B、洛克C、杜威D、卢梭19、夸美纽斯从“泛智论”出发，提出了（）A、补偿教育思想B、回归教育思想C、终身教育思想D、普及教育思想20、下列不属于杜威教育思想的观点是（）A、教师是中心B、教育即生活C、学校即社会D、从做中学21、学习动机的人本理论的代表人物是（）A、马斯洛B、斯金纳C、阿特金森D、班杜拉22、（）是发生认识论的创始人，对儿童认知发展进行了系统的研究，提出认知的本质就是适应，即儿童的认知是在已有图式的基础上，通过同化、顺应和平衡，不断从低级向高级发展。

2017年湖南农业大学考研真题341农业知识综合三(食品加工与安全领域)

2017年湖南农业大学硕士招生自命题科目试题科目名称及代码：341农业知识综合三适用领域：农业硕士食品加工与安全领域考生需带的工具：考生注意事项：①农产品加工与安全领域考生做食品卫生学、食品安全管理与法规、食品分析与检验技术3个部分，每个部分分值50分。

②所有答案必须做在答题纸上，做在试题纸上一律无效。

③按试题顺序答题，在答题纸上标明题目序号。

（一）食品卫生学（50分）一、名称解释（共计12分，每小题3分）1.食物中毒2.每日允许摄入量（ADI）3.抗氧化剂4.食品的细菌总数二、选择题（共计20分，每小题1分，单选和多选）1.以下食用色素中属于天然色素的是（）。

A.姜黄素B.苋菜红C.柠檬黄D.靛蓝2.我国饮用水微生物标准是细菌总数每升不超过多少个。

（）A.100B.60C.90D.803.发芽马铃薯的主要有害物质是什么？此种物质对胃肠道粘膜有较强的刺激性及腐蚀性，对中枢神经系统有麻痹作用，尤其对呼吸中枢及运动中枢作用明显。

它还对红细胞有溶解作用，可致溶血。

可引起急性肺水肿，其次为胃肠炎及肺、肝、心肌和肾脏皮质的水肿等。

()A.龙葵素B.苦杏仁苷C.秋水仙碱D.亚麻苦苷4.生产下列哪些产品，必须遵守，《食品安全法》的规定。

（）A．食品 B.食品添加剂C．食品包装材料、容器 D.用于食品的洗涤剂、消毒剂5.预包装食品的包装上应当有标签。

专供婴幼儿和其他特定人群的主辅食品，其标签除应当标明《食品安全法》第42条第1款规定的内容外，还应当标明()。

A.主要营养成分B.主要营养成分的含量C.使用效果D.治疗功能6.食品检测中作为食品被粪便污染的指标是（）。

A.大肠菌群B.细菌总数C.枯草杆菌D.酵母菌7.无论发生次数还是中毒人数，在我国占食物中毒总数第一位的是（）。

A.细菌性食物中毒B.有毒动、植物食物中毒C.化学性食物中毒D.霉变食物引起的食物中毒8.下列食品中不得添加任何食品添加剂的品种是()。

A.纯牛奶B.酱油C.奶油D.火腿9.食物中毒的诊断通过（）的工作完成。

2018年湖南农业大学硕士研究生入学考试自命题611 教育学专业基础综合试题

2018年湖南农业大学硕士招生自命题科目试题科目名称及代码：611 教育学专业基础综合适用专业(领域）：教育学各二级学科考生需带的工具：考生注意事项：①所有答案必须做在答题纸上，做在试题纸上一律无效；②按试题顺序答题，在答题纸上标明题目序号。

一、单项选择题：1～30小题，每小题3分，共90分。

下列每题给出的四个选项中，只有一个选项符合试题要求。

1、关于制度化的教育和非制度化的教育，下列说法错误的是（）A. 制度化的教育从非制度化的教育演化而来B. 非制度化的教育的形式化程度低C. 学校教育是一种制度化的教育D. 非制度化的教育正在逐渐消亡2、关于批判教育学的代表人物及所属国家正确的是（）A. 美国的杜威B. 巴西的弗莱雷C. 德国的斯普朗格D. 英国的阿普尔3、从教育功能的性质上看，可把教育的功能分为（）A. 个体功能和社会功能B. 保守功能与超越功能C. 本体功能与派生功能D. 显性功能与隐性功能4、联合国通过的《21世纪议程》指出“教育在促进可持续发展和提高人们解决环境和发现问题的能力上，具有重要作用”，这表明教育具有（）A . 生态功能 B. 经济功能C. 政治功能D. 人口功能5、教育目的选择与确立的基本价值取向有人本位的价值取向和（）A. 国家本位的价值取向B. 社会本位的价值取向C. 生活本位的价值取向D. 知识本位的价值取向6、我国全面发展教育的构成主体是（）A. 科学教育和人文教育B. 德育、智育、体育和美育C. 社会教育、家庭教育和学校教育D. 初等教育、中等教育、高等教育和成人教育7、教育制度是一个国家各级各类教育机构与组织体系及其（）A. 管理规则B. 文化传统C. 发展愿景D. 价值观念8、从形态上看，我国现行学制主要属于（）A. 单轨学制B. 双轨学制C. 分支型学制D. 网络型学制9、学生主体性的最高表现形式是（）A. 调控性B. 选择性C. 独立性D. 创造性10、课程不应该帮助学生去适应社会，而是要建立一种新的社会秩序和社会文化，这一观点属于（）A. 存在主义课程论B. 后现代主义课程论C. 经验主义课程论D. 社会改造主义课程论11、教育工作是国家的重要事务，夏朝时国家机构中主管教化的政务官是（）。

湖南农业大学2018年《341农业知识综合三(农业工程领域)》考研专业课真题试卷

共5页第1页 2018年湖南农业大学硕士招生自命题科目试题
科目名称及代码：341 农业知识综合三(农业工程领域) 适用领域：农业工程领域
考试需带的工具：无存储功能的计算器
考生注意事项：
①农业工程方向考生做(一)工程力学、（二）机械设计、（三）农业机械与装备3个部分，每个部分分值50分。

②所有答案必须做在答题纸上，做在试题纸上一律无效。

③按试题顺序答题，在答题纸上标明题目序号。

(一)工程力学
一、选择题 (共计12分,每小题3分)
1、梁的横截面形状如图所示，截面对z 轴的抗弯截面模量W z 为（）。

（A ）6/2BH （B ） ()6/22bh BH −
（C ） ()H bh BH 6/33− （D ） ()
h bh BH 6/33−
2、承受相同扭矩且长度相等的直径为d 1的实心圆轴与内、外径分别为d 2、
)/(222D d D =α的空心圆轴，二者横截面上的最大切应力相等。

关于二者重之比（W 1/W 2）有如下结论，试判断哪一种是正确的。

（）
（A ）234)1(α−；（B ）)1/()1(2324αα−−；
（C ）)1)(1(24αα−−；（D ）)1()1(2234αα−−。

3、对于图示承受轴向拉伸的锥形杆上的点A ，试用平衡概念分析下列四种应力状态中哪一种是正确的。

（）。

2018年湖南农业大学硕士招生自命题科目试题-811 综合知识

2018年湖南农业大学硕士招生自命题科目试题科目名称及代码：811 综合知识适用专业(领域）：外国语言学及应用语言学考生需带的工具：语考生注意事项：①所有答案必须做在答题纸上，做在试题纸上一律无效；②按试题顺序答题，在答题纸上标明题目序号。

一、解释题：从下面挑选5个术语进行简单解释并可根据需要举例说明(共计10分，每小题2分)1、arbitrariness 5、deep structure2、IPA 6、informative function3、manners of articulation 7、encoding4、grammatical category二、填空题：在下面每空填一个词，其中部分首字母已给出(共计10分，每空1分)1、When the obstruction is partial and the air is forced through a narrow passage in the mouth so as to cause definite local friction at the point, the speech sound thus produced is a f_________2、Language exist in time and change through time. The description of a language at some point of time iscalled s_________ study of language.3、IC analysis emphasizes the h _________ structure of a sentence, seeing it as consisting of word groupsfirst.4、Pitch variation is known as i_________ when its patterns are imposed on sentences.5、According to its position in the new word, a _________ are divided into two kinds: prefixes and suffixes.6、P _________ refers to the phenomenon that the same word may have a set of different meanings.7、There are generally three kinds of sense relations recognized, namely, sameness relation, oppositeness relation and i_________ relation.8、The u_________ meaning of the sentence varies with the context in which it is uttered.9、H_________ refers to the phenomenon that words with different meanings have the same form.10、C_________ holds that there is no direct link between a linguistic form and what it refers to, rather, inthe interpretation of meaning they are linked through the mediation of concepts in the mind. .三、判断题：根据语言学常识判明正误，对者在该题括号里标T,错者在该题括号里标F. (共计15分，每小题1.5分)1、（）Free morphemes can be further classified into the inflectional and derivational morphemes.2、（）The phoneme /t/ and /d/ can occur in the same position and they distinguish meaning, therefore theyare said to be in complementary distribution.3、（）Relations of co-occurrence partly belongs to syntagmatic relations, partly to paradigmatic relations.4、（）One advantage of componential analysis is that by specifying the semantic features of words, it will be possible to show how these words are related in meaning.5、（）Linguistic forms having the same sense may have different references in different situations whilelinguistic forms with the same reference always have the same sense.6、（）In the sentence John loves Mary, John is the argument, loves Mary is the predicate.7、（）When a bilingual speaker switches between the two languages concerned, he is converting one modeof thinking into the other.8、（）The subject-predicate distinction is the same as the theme and rheme contrast.9、（）Speakers of different languages are capable of distinguishing and recognizing experiences of thesame objective world according to their respective different linguistic coding system.10、（）Structuralists suggested that errors are unavoidable in learning and should be tolerated.四、问答题：从下面各题挑选5题做简单回答(共计20分，每小题4分)1、How do you understand "duality", a design feature of language?2、Do you prefer descriptive linguistics to prescriptive linguistics ? Give your reasons.3、Illustrate the differences between morpheme, phoneme and allomorph with example.4、What is predicate analysis? What is a no-place, one-place, two-place, or three-place predicate?5、Explain the following remarks with examples or make some comments.“Both semantics and pragmatics are concerned with meaning, but the difference between them can be traced to two different uses of the verb mean: (a) What does X mean? (b) What did you mean by X?”6、Explain the following statement with examples: Syntax is about principles of forming and understanding correct English sentences.7、Some students may use the incorrect forms in the left column below instead of the correct ones in the五、英译汉：将下列段落翻译成汉语(共计30分)When I am experiencing a complex story or novel, the broader planes, and also details, tend to fall away. Rereading them, certain sentences are what greet me as familiars. You have visited before; they say when I recognize them. We encounter books at different times in life, often appreciating them, apprehending them, in different ways. But their language is constant. The best sentences orient us, like stars in the sky, like landmarks on a trail.They remain the test, whether or not to read something. The most compelling narrative, expressed in sentences with which I have no chemical reaction, or an adverse one, leaves me cold. In fiction, plenty do the job of conveying information, rousing suspense, painting characters, enabling them to speak. But only certain sentences breathe and shift about, like live matter in soil. The first sentence of a book is a handshake, perhaps an embrace. Style and personality are irrelevant. They can be formal or casual. They can be tall or short or fat or thin. They can obey the rules or break them. But they need to contain a charge. A live current, which shocks and illuminates.Knowing – and learning to read in – a foreign tongue heightens and complicates my relationship to sentences. For some time now, I have been reading predominantly in Italian. I experience these novels and stories differently. I take no sentence for granted. I am more conscious of them. I work harder to know them. I pause to look something up, I puzzled over syntax I am still assimilating. Each sentence yields a twin, translated version of itself. When the filter of a second language falls away, my connection to these sentences, though more basic, feels purer, at times more intimate, than when I read in English.The urge to convert experience into a group of words that are in a grammatical relation to one anotheris the most basic, ongoing impulse of my life. It is a habit of antiphony: of call and response. Most days begin with sentences that are typed into a journal no one has ever seen. There is a freedom to this; freedom to write what I will not proceed to wrestle with. The entries are mostly quotidian, a warming up of the fingers and brain. On days when I am troubled, when I am grieved, when I am at a loss for words, the mechanics of formulating sentences, and of stockpiling them in a vault, is the only thing that centers me again.六、汉译英：将下列段落翻译成英语(共计30分)三十多年前，我们开始改革开放时，突然认识到，市场是个好东西，认为以前之所以没搞好，根本原因就是没有尊重市场调节。

2017年湖南农业大学考研真题341农业知识综合三(农业信息化领域)

C SELECT MIN(Age) FROM Student D SELECT COUNT(*) FROM Student
6 要创建一个数据组分组报表，第一个分组表达式是“部门”，第二个分组表达（）
式是“性别”，第三个分组表达式是“基本工资”，当前索引的索引表达式应当
是______。
共 8 页，第 5 页
)。
6、客观存在并可以相互区分的事物叫实体。
（）
7、关系系统中，对于违反实体完整性和用户定义的完整性的操作一般都采用拒（）
绝执行的方式进行处理。
8、实体完整性规则是指若属性 A 是基本关系 R 的主属性，则属性 A 能取空值。（）
9、 UNDO-LIST 命令的意思是：需要执行 undo 操作的事务集合。
1、某企业集团有若干工厂，每个工厂生产多种产品，且每一种产品可以在多个工厂生产，每个工厂
按照固定的计划数量生产产品；每个工厂聘用多名职工，且每名职工只能在一个工厂工作，工厂聘
用职工有聘期和工资。工厂的属性有工厂编号、厂名、地址，产品的属性有产品编号、产品名、规
格，职工的属性有职工号、姓名。
（1）根据上述语义画出 E-R 图；（10 分）
B、x*y > 0
C、(x>0 && y>0)&&(x<0 && y<0) D、(x+y > 0 && x+y <0)
5、若运行时给变量 x 输入 8，则以下程序的运行结果是（）。
共 8 页，第 1 页
main( )
{ int x,y;
scanf("%d",&x);

2017年湖南农业大学考研真题811 综合知识硕士招生自命题科目试题

2017年湖南农业大学硕士招生自命题科目试题科目名称及代码：811 综合知识适用专业：外国语言学及应用语言学考生需带的工具：考生注意事项：①所有答案必须做在答题纸上，做在试题纸上一律无效；②按试题顺序答题，在答题纸上标明题目序号。

一、解释题：从下面挑选5个术语进行简单解释并可根据需要举例说明(共计10分，每小题2分)1、langue and parole 5、Inflection2、minimal pairs 6、speech community3、auxiliary verb 7、linguistic relativity4、locutionary act二、填空题：在下面每空填一个词，其中部分首字母已给出(共计10分，每空1分)1、If a linguistic study describes and analyzes the language people actually use it is said to bed_________2、Consonants differ from vowels in that the latter are produced without o_________3、An initialism is pronounced letter by letter, while an a _________ is pronounced as a word.4、Clear [l] and dark [ɬ] are allophones of the same one phoneme /l/. They never take the same position insound combinations, thus they are said to be in c_________ distribution.5、C _________ is a term used in lexicology by some linguists to refer to the habitual co-occurrences ofindividual lexical items. For example, we can “correct” a “mistake”, “read” a “book” and “watch TV”.No one can “correct” a television or “read” a mistake.6、Predication analysis is to break down predications into their constituents: a _________ and predicate.7、G _________ opposites may be seen in terms of degrees of quality involved.8、C _________ Principle proposed by J.Grice is the general principle, in making conversation, that allparticipants are expected to observe.9、A c _________ sentence contains two clauses joined by a linking word, such as “and ”, “but”, “or”.10、Language itself is not sexist, but its use may reflect the s_________ attitude connoted in the languagethat is sexist.三、判断题：根据语言学常识判明正误，对者在该题括号里标T,错者在该题括号里标F. (共计15分，每小题1.5分)1、（）Language is a system of arbitrary, written signs which permit all the people in a given culture, orother people who have learned the system of that culture, to communicate or interact.2、（）In the history of any language the writing system always came into being before the spoken form.3、（）Stem is the part of word that remains when all inflectional affixes are removed.4、（）Move-αrule itself can rule out ungrammatical forms and result in grammatical strings.5、（）Of the three speech acts, linguists are most interested in the illocutionary act because this kind ofspeech is identical with the speaker’s intention.6、（）Women in western countries at least appear to be more status-conscious and sensitive to the socialsignificance of certain linguistic variables.共3页第1页。

湖南农业大学341农业知识综合三农业工程领域2018年考研初试真题

湖南农业⼤学341农业知识综合三农业⼯程领域2018年考研初试真题
共5页第1页2018年湖南农业⼤学硕⼠招⽣⾃命题科⽬试题
科⽬名称及代码：341 农业知识综合三(农业⼯程领域)
适⽤领域：农业⼯程领域
考试需带的⼯具：⽆存储功能的计算器
考⽣注意事项：
①农业⼯程⽅向考⽣做(⼀)⼯程⼒学、（⼆）机械设计、（三）农业机械与装备3个部分，每个部分分值50分。

②所有答案必须做在答题纸上，做在试题纸上⼀律⽆效。

③按试题顺序答题，在答题纸上标明题⽬序号。

(⼀)⼯程⼒学
⼀、选择题 (共计12分,每⼩题3分)
1、梁
的横截⾯形状如图所⽰，截⾯对z 轴的抗弯截⾯模量W z 为（
）。

（A ）（B ）
6/2BH ()6/22bh BH -（C ）（D ） ()H bh BH 6/33-()
h bh BH 6/33-2、承受相同扭矩且长度相等的直径为d 1的实⼼圆轴与内、外径分别为d 2、的空⼼圆轴，⼆者横截⾯上的最⼤切应⼒相等。

关于⼆者重之⽐（W 1/W 2）)/(222D d D =α有如下结论，试判断哪⼀种是正确的。

（）
（A ）；（B ）；
234)1(α-)1/()1(224αα-- （C ）；（D ）。

)1)(1(24αα--)1()1(2234αα--3、对于图⽰承受轴向拉伸的
锥形杆上的点A ，试⽤平衡概念分析下列四种
应。

湖南农业大学教育管理学2017,2018年考研真题

2018年湖南农业大学硕士招生自命题科目试题科目名称及代码：839 教育管理学适用专业(领域）：教育硕士教育管理领域考生需带的工具：考生注意事项：①所有答案必须做在答题纸上，做在试题纸上一律无效；②按试题顺序答题，在答题纸上标明题目序号。

一、简答题 (共计 40 分,每小题 10 分)1、简述教育管理的目的2、简述人本管理的思维方式和管理方法3、简述学校组织机构建设的基本原则4、简述教学领导的含义及影响教学领导有效性的因素二、辨析题(共计20分，每小题10分)1、在教育管理中正激励比负激励好2、教育管理即教育决策三、综合论述题(共计60分，每小题 30 分)1、在相关理论与政策的指导下，结合中小学课堂教学的现状，建构一个中小学课堂教学评价指标体系，并对各指标的含义进行简要解说。

2、结合现状和相关政策分析高效教育领导团队的基本特征及其建构与培育策略。

四、材料分析题（共计30分，每小题30分）据齐鲁晚报记者2016年6月4日报道，山东省建立学生成长档案，推行学生综合素质评价。

报道的具体内容如下。

综合素质评价是基于学生成长发展事实，对学生学业修习状况、核心素养和日常行为表现的系统评价。

从高一新生入学起，每一名学生都要建立个人成长记录。

学生要在教师指导下客观记录能够体现综合素质发展水平的具体活动，收集相关典型事实材料，并及时整理完善。

每学期末，教师指导学生整理、遴选能反映其综合素质主要内容的具体活动记录、典型事实材料以及标志性成果等有关材料，由学生向学校提出入档申请。

同时，学校在规定时间内，将学生每学期的入档材料、学生的简要自我陈述共3页第1页。

湖南农业大学教育心理学2018年考研真题

2018年湖南农业大学硕士招生自命题科目试题
科目名称及代码：841 教育心理学
适用专业(领域）：教育硕士心理健康领域
考生需带的工具：
考生注意事项：①所有答案必须做在答题纸上，做在试题纸上一律无效；
②按试题顺序答题，在答题纸上标明题目序号。

一、名词解释(共计30分,每小题 5 分)
1、心理发展
2、教师期望效应
3、学习风格
4、先行组织者
5、心智技能
6、图式
二、简答题 (共计60分.每小题10 分)
1、简述皮亚杰的认知发展阶段理论？
2、简述自我效能感及其功能？
3、遗忘的特点是什么？
4、接受学习和发现学习的区别是什么？
5、简述教学评价中合理评分的步骤？
6、什么是“最近发展区”？
三、论述题 (共计60 分，每小题20分)
1、埃里克森的人格发展理论及其教育意义？
2、试述班杜拉社会学习理论的主要内容及其对教育的启示。

3、行为改变与行为演练的方法有哪些？联系教学实际，谈谈如何具体使用这些方法。

共2页第1页。

2017年湖南农业大学考研真题242二外德语

III Vervollständigen Sie den Text. （共计 20 分，每小题 1 分） Text A Vor vielen Jahren gab es ein Mädchen. Es __31__ Tag für Tag ein rotes Käppchen, das __32__ ihm seine Großmutter. Alle __33__ es deshalb Rotkäppchen. Die Großmutter __34__ im tiefen WalD. Sie __35__ eines Tages krank und __36__ im Bett. Die Mutter __37__ Rotkäppchen dann mit einem Korb voll Kuchen und Wein zur Großmutter. Auf dem Weg __38__ das Rotkäppchen einem bösen Wolf. Rotkäppchen hatte keine Angst vor ihm und __39__ freundlich Antwort auf alle Fragen des Wolfs. Doch der Wolf war sehr listig und __40__ : „ Ich will die beiden fressen!“
Doktor Betz: Nun, da__45___ wir gleich mal messen. Achtunddreißig fünf - das ist richtiges Fieber! Und nun__46___ Sie bitte den Oberkörper frei, damit (以便) ich das Herz und die Lungen untersuchen kann. Atmen Sie bitte tief! Gut, danke. An Herz und Lungen kann ich nichts Besonderes hören. Haben Sie auch Halsschmerzen? Herr Wagner:Nein, aber ich habe oft Husten. Doktor Betz:__47___ Sie mir bitte Ihre Zunge ( 舌头 )! Sie haben Grippe. Ich schreibe Ihnen ein Rezept. Gehen Sie__48___ diesem Rezept sofort in die Apotheke, und__49___ Sie die Medikamente! Nehmen Sie täglich dreimal eine Tablette (药片) und bleiben Sie ein paar Tage zu Hause im Bett, denn Sie brauchen Ruhe. Herr Wagner:Ich danke Ihnen, Herr Doktor. Doktor Betz: Auf Wiedersehen, Herr Wagner! __50___ Besserung!

2018年湖南农业大学611教育学专业基础综合考研真题试题试卷

目录2018 年湖南农业大学611教育学专业基础综合考研真题试题试卷 (2)2018年湖南农业大学硕士招生自命题科目试题科目名称及代码：611教育学专业基础综合适用专业(领域）：教育学各二级学科考生需带的工具：考生注意事项：①所有答案必须做在答题纸上，做在试题纸上一律无效；②按试题顺序答题，在答题纸上标明题目序号。

一、单项选择题：1～30小题，每小题3分，共90分。

下列每题给出的四个选项中，只有一个选项符合试题要求。

1、关于制度化的教育和非制度化的教育，下列说法错误的是（）A.制度化的教育从非制度化的教育演化而来B.非制度化的教育的形式化程度低C.学校教育是一种制度化的教育D.非制度化的教育正在逐渐消亡2、关于批判教育学的代表人物及所属国家正确的是（）A.美国的杜威B.巴西的弗莱雷C.德国的斯普朗格D.英国的阿普尔3、从教育功能的性质上看，可把教育的功能分为（）A.个体功能和社会功能B.保守功能与超越功能C.本体功能与派生功能D.显性功能与隐性功能4、联合国通过的《21世纪议程》指出“教育在促进可持续发展和提高人们解决环境和发现问题的能力上，具有重要作用”，这表明教育具有（）A.生态功能B.经济功能C.政治功能D.人口功能5、教育目的选择与确立的基本价值取向有人本位的价值取向和（）A.国家本位的价值取向B.社会本位的价值取向C.生活本位的价值取向D.知识本位的价值取向6、我国全面发展教育的构成主体是（）A.科学教育和人文教育B.德育、智育、体育和美育C.社会教育、家庭教育和学校教育D.初等教育、中等教育、高等教育和成人教育7、教育制度是一个国家各级各类教育机构与组织体系及其（）A.管理规则B.文化传统C.发展愿景D.价值观念8、从形态上看，我国现行学制主要属于（）A.单轨学制B.双轨学制C.分支型学制D.网络型学制9、学生主体性的最高表现形式是（）A.调控性B.选择性C.独立性D.创造性共4页第1页。

2017年湖南农业大学考研试题611教育学专业基础综合

2017年湖南农业大学硕士招生自命题科目试题科目名称及代码：教育学专业基础综合611适用专业（领域）：教育学原理、高等教育学、职业技术教育学、心理健康教育、体育教育学、成人教育学考生需带的工具：考生注意事项：①所有答案必须做在答题纸上，做在试题纸上一律无效；②按试题顺序答题，在答题纸上标明题目序号。

一、单项选择题：第1—30小题，每小题3分，共90分。

下列每题给出的四个选项中，只有一个选项符合试题要求。

1、教育作为一个相对独立的系统包括三种基本要素，即教育者、学习者和（）。

A、教育模式B、教育影响C、教育理念D、教育环境2、教育在不同阶段所要连续实现的各种结果称为（）。

A、价值性目的B、发展性目的C、终极性目的D、生成性目的3、教育目的的功能通常有定向功能、调控功能和（）。

A、筛选功能B、激励功能C、反馈功能D、评价功能4、从教育功能的层次来看，通常把教育功能分为本体功能和（）。

A、社会功能B、隐性功能C、负向功能D、派生功能5、从形态上看，我国现行学制是从单轨发展而来的（）。

A、分支型学制B、交叉型学制C、双轨型学制D、网络型学制6、以下关于综合课程的描述错误的是（）。

A、能够克服学科课程分科过细的缺点B、坚持知识的统一性观点C、可以发挥学习者的迁移能力D、遵循以有组织的学科内容作为课程组织的基础7、为了完成教学任务，对教学活动进行调节和控制的一系列执行过程称为（）。

A、教学模式B、教学策略C、教学设计D、教学风格8、《教育法》规定我国教育目的是：教育必须为社会主义现代化建设服务，必须与生产劳动相结合，培养德智体等方面全面发展的社会主义事业的建设者和（）。

A、接班人B、服从者C、合格公民D、管理者9、教育学把教师在教育教学活动中的心理特征的整体体现称为（）。

A、教师的道德形象B、教师的文化形象C、教师的人格形象D、教师的职业形象10、根据在教学活动中的不同作用可把学生评价分为诊断性评价、形成性评价和（）。

2018年湖南农业大学839教育管理学考研真题试题试卷

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省教育厅将学校按学期报送的学生入档材料与学生学业水平考试成绩等进行汇总，为每个学生形成综合素质档案。档案主要内容包括：主要的成长记录，包括思想品德、学业水平、身心健康、艺术素养、社会实践 5 个方面的突出表现；学生的简要自我陈述报告和教师对学生的简要评语；典型事实材料及相关证明。高等学校招生录取要将高中学生综合素质档案作为重要参考。高等学校应根据学校办学特色和人才培养要求，制定科学规范的综合素质评价体系和办法，提出考生综合素质评价信息的使用办法，使用办法应提前两年向社会公布。省综合素质评价信息管理平台中设有查询功能，高中学校、学生及高等学校、教育行政部门可按照设定权限进行查询。试结合教育学和教育管理学的原理，对这一做法进行评论。
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2018 年湖南农业大学硕士招生自命题科目试题
科目名称及代码：839 教育管理学适用专业(领域）：教育硕士教育管理领域考生需带的工具：考生注意事项：①所有答案必须做在答题纸上，做在试题纸上一律无效； ②按试题顺序答题，在答题纸上标明题目序号。一、简答题 (共计 40 分,每小题 10 分) 1、简述教育管理的目的 2、简述人本管理的思维方式和管理方法 3、简述学校组织机构建设的基本原则 4、简述教学领导的含义及影响教学领导有效性的因素二、辨析题(共计 20 分，每小题 10 分) 1、在教育管理中正激励比负激励好 2、教育管理即教育决策三、综合论述题(共计 60 分，每小题 30 分) 1、在相关理论与政策的指导下，结合中小学课堂教学的现状，建构一个中小学课堂教学评价指标体系，并对各指标的含义进行简要解说。 2、结合现状和相关政策分析高效教育领导团队的基本特征及其建构与培育策略。四、材料分析题（共计 30 分，每小题 30 分）据齐鲁晚报记者 2016 年 6 月 4 日报道，山东省建立学生成长档案，推行学生综合素质评价。报道的具体内容如下。综合素质评价是基于学生成长发展事实，对学生学业修习状况、核心素养和日常行为表现的系统评价。从高一新生入学起，每一名学生都要建立个人成长记录。学生要在教师指导下客观记录能够体现综合素质发展水平的具体活动，收集相关典型事实材料，并及时整理完善。每学期末，教师指导学生整理、遴选能反映其综合素质主要内容的具体活动记录、典型事实材料以及标志性成果等有关材料，由学生向学校提出入档申请。同时，学校在规定时间内，将学生每学期的入档材料、学生的简要自我陈述和教师对学生的简要评语上传至省综合素质评价信息管理平台。学生的综合素质评价信息一旦上传，任何人不得修改。

2017年湖南农业大学考研真题612基础英语

2017年湖南农业大学硕士招生自命题科目试题科目名称及代码：基础英语612适用专业（领域）：外国语言学及应用语言学考试需带的工具：考生注意事项：1所有答案必须做在答题纸上，做在试题纸上一律无效；2按试题顺序答题，在答题纸上标明题目序号。

I.Paraphrase（20points,2points each）Write your answer on the answer sheet1.The place has been here since1915,and no hurricane has ever bothered it.2.Serious looking men spoke to each other as if they were oblivious of the crowds about them.3.Even the self-assurance of Ogilvie flickered for an instance.4.The case had erupted round my head.5.The cast of characters set before him in his new profession was rich and varied---a cosmos.6.They are cattle in the fields,but we sit down to beef.7.Hitler was counting on enlisting capitalists and Right Wing sympathies in this country and the U.S.A.8.Conversation is not for making a point.9.The burying-ground is merely a huge waste of hummocky earth,like a derelict building-lot.10.Mark Twain digested the new American experience before sharing it with the world as writer and lecturer.II.Vocabulary and Grammar（20points,1point each）Decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.1.__dull he may be,he is certainly a very successful top executive.A AlthoughB whateverC AsD However2.If only I__play the guitar as well as you!A wouldB couldC shouldD might3.The party,__I was the guest of honour,was extremely enjoyable.A by whichB for whichC to whichD at which4.It’s high time we__cutting down the rainforests.A stoppedB had to stopC shall stopD stop5The student said there were a few points in the essay he__impossible to comprehend.A has foundB was findingC had foundD would find6.Aren't you tired?I____you had done enough for today.A.should have thoughtB.must have thoughtC.might have thoughtD.could have thought7."It seems that she was there at the conference."The sentence means thatA.she seems to be there at the conference.B.she seemed to be there at the conference.C.she seems to have been there at the conference.D.she seemed to being there at the conference.8.Which of the following adverbs can NOT be used to complete"_____everybody came"?A.NearlyB.QuiteC.PracticallyD.Almost9.In"How much do you think he earns?"how much is______of the sentence.A.the subjectB.the adverbialC.the objectD.the complement10."The man preparing the documents is the firm's lawyer"has all the following possible meanings EXCEPTA.the man who has prepared the documents...B.the man who has been preparing the documents...C.the man who is preparing the documents...D.the man who will prepare the documents...11.Keep this reference book;it may come in_____one day.A.handyefulC.convenientD.helpful12.The questions that the speaker raised were well____the average adult.A.pastB.onC.beyondD.through13.Teachers in this school were encouraged to use drama as a(n)_____of learning.A.designB.instrumentC.agencyD.tool14.First,we need to find out what his scheme is,and then act_____. A.sensitivelyB.imaginativelyC.efficientlyD.accordingly15.At first Jim was not quite clear what he was going to do afteruniversity,but now he seems_____on becoming a computer programmer.A.fitB.setC.disposedD.decided16.Developing countries should adopt labor-intensive technologies to_____their comparative advantage of abundant labor.eB.exploitC.employD.explore17.The tests show the earlier in life a person hears a sound the longer it is.A.retainedB.preservedC.remainedD.reserved18.The Channel Tunnel is one of the biggest engineering projects ever.A.understatedB.undertakenC.undergoneD.underneath19.Good relationship between partners are the rudders which steer joint ventures through waters.A.troublesomeB.troubledC.troublousD.disturbed20.The lack of manners and common politeness is not to business deals.It’sa social blank.A.exclusiveB.inclusiveC.elusiveD.impassiveIII.Cloze(30points,1.5points each）Decide which of the choices given below would best complete the passage in the corresponding blanks.Mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.In Japan,most people still feel that a woman’s place is in the home;and most women willingly accept their1role as wife,leaving the business of making a living2their husbands.For those who do want a3of their own, opportunities are limited,and working women usually have to4for lower wages,fewer promotions,less responsible5.In America,on the other hand,most women,6wives and mothers,work most of their lives.But7,few have had real careers.As in Japan most fields are 8by men and opportunities for women have been9,salaries low,chances for advancement10.American women work mainly because they11;in these days of inflation and luxury living,12income per family is simply not enough to13.So American women actually have two jobs;one nine–to–five position outside the home,and14round-the-clock in–the-home job15 wife.Housemaid,cook,and nurse.One of the main goals of the modern women’s liberation movement,which started16,was to eliminate sex discrimination in the work force,and to17 careers for women that were previously18for men.And though there is still a long way to19,a lot of progress has been20.1.A)conservative B)usual C)traditional D)unhappy2.A)for B)with C)up to D)away with3.A)job B)career C)profession D)post4.A)settle B)request C)ask D)search5.A)titles B)status C)assignments D)positions6.A)concerning B)including C)containing D)involving7.A)at present B)until recently C)recently D)not until recently8.A)owned B)kept C)led D)dominated9.A)restricted B)bounded C)reduced D)prohibited10.A)small B)inadequate C)rare D)scarce11.A)should B)ought C)like D)have to12.A)one B)single C)only D)the one13.A)live B)live on C)feed on D)support14.A)another B)one C)other D)the other15.A)such as B)like C)as D)acting16.A)in the early1960s B)in early the1960sC)early in the1960D)in the early196017.A)lead to B)open up C)offer D)set up18.A)preserved B)observed C)concerned D)reserved19.A)go B)travel C)strive D)pull through20.A)made B)taken C)covered D)completedIV.Reading（40points,2points each）Read the following passages and answer the multiple-choice questions;decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.Passage1Geraldo Rivera is well known for his compassionate investigative reports on WABC-TV Eyewitness News.He has done exposes of New York City’s welfare hotels, the over-pricing of prescription drugs,and drug abuse.In1971,he received the Associated Press Broadcaster of the Year award for the program Drug Crisis in East Harlem.He received the award again in1972for the program Migrants,Dirt Cheap.His most famous expose however was done on the horrible conditions at Staten Island’s Willowbrook State School.It is the world’s largest institution for the mentally disabled.His investigation began when he and his camera crew gained access to one of the building.Geraldo’s emotionally charged reports exposed the unsanitary conditions and neglectful,often abusive,treatment of the patients.He cried over what he discovered,and he made his viewers cry,too.The programs created a public plea for reform,and changes were ernor Nelson Rockefeller of New York restored$20million to the school’s slashed budget.The programs--Willowbrook earned him the Scripps-Howard Award,an Emmy，and the Robert F.Kennedy Journalism Award.Geraldo Rivera has continued working for the mentally disabled.He founded One-to-One,a charity that provides small group homes for the care of the mentally disabled in the community.He hosts huge outdoor festivals for the mentally disabled in New York City’s Central Park.He also wrote a book about some of the courageous people he has met as an investigative journalist.It is called A Special Kind of Courage.As he himself says,“I make no pretense of objectivity.But I’m not just in the business of making people cry.I’m in the business of change.”1.Geraldo Rivera is working as a(n)____．A)news reporter for a newspaper in New YorkB)investigative reporter for a special TV programC)investigative officer of the New York governmentD)philanthropist for the welfare of the mentally disabled2.How many awards did Rivera receive for his work?A)Two B)There C)Four D)Five3.Rivera’s investigation and expose on the conditions at Willowbrook State School led to____.A)the public concern and request for changes.B)the improvement of the conditions there.C)a considerable increase in the school’s budgetD)all of the above4.The term“One-to-One”in the3rd paragraph refers to____.A)an organization in the community that helps take better care of the mentally disabledB)a device that helps the mentally disabled behave themselvesC)an organization that provides homes for the mentally disabledD)a hospital that helps cure the mentally disabledPassage2In the same way that a child must be able to move his arms and legs before he can learn to walk,the child must physiologically be capable of producing and experiencing particular emotions before these emotions can be modified through learning.Psychologists have found that there are two basic processes by which learning takes place.One kind of learning is called“classical conditioning.”This occurs when one event or stimulus is consistently paired with,or followed by,a reward or punishment.It is through classical conditioning that a child learns to associate his mother’s face and voice with happiness and love,for he learns that this person provides food and comfort.Negative emotions are learned in a similar fashion.The second kind of learning is called“operant conditioning.”This occurs when an individual learns to do things that produce rewards in his environment and learns not to do things that produce punishments.For example,if a mother always attends to her baby when he cries and cuddles him until he is quiet,she may teach him that if he cries he will get attention from mother.Thus,the baby will learn to increase his crying in order to have his mother more.Every day,we grow and have new experience.We constantly learn by reading, watching television,interacting with other people,and so forth.This learning affects our emotions.Why is it that we learn to like some people and dislike others?If a person is nice to us,cares about us,we learn to associate this person with positive feelings,such as joy,happiness,and friendliness.On the other hand,if a person is mean to us,does not care about us,and even deliberately does things to harm us,welearn to associate this person with negative feelings,such as unhappiness,discomfort, and anger.5.The author’s main purpose in writing the passage is to____A)teach children how to learn to produce and experience certain emotionsB)give the general reader an account of two basic kinds of learningC)give parents some advice on how to modify their children’s emotions through learningD)discuss with psychologists how positive and negative feelings are produced6.If you jokes often find a ready echo in a person,you will learn through___that telling jokes to this person is fun,and you will try with greater efforts to be humorous in his presenceA)classical conditioning B)operant conditioningC)neither of them D)some other sorts of conditioning7.If a child is bitten or startled several times by a dog,he may learn to associate furry animals with pain or startle and thus develop a fear of furry animals.This is a typical example of learning through____A)classical conditioning B)operant conditioningC)both of them D)neither of them8.In the third paragraph,the author is.A)discussing how we grow and have new experiences every dayB)talking about learning to modify emotions through operant conditioningC)concentrating on learning by reading,watching television,interacting with people, and so onD)using examples to further illustrate learning through classical conditioning Passage3A classic series of experiments to determine the effects of overpopulation on communities of rats was conducted by a psychologist,John Calhoun.In each experiment,an equal number of male and female adult rats were placed in an enclosure.The rat populations were allowed to increase.Calhoun knew from experience approximately how many rats could live in the enclosures without experiencing stress due to overcrowding.He allowed the population to increase to approximately twice this number.Then he stabilized the population by removing offspring that were not dependent on their mothers.At the end of the experiments, Calhoun was able to conclude that overcrowding causes a breakdown in the normal social relationships among rats,a kind of social disease.The rats in the experiments did not follow the same patterns of behavior as rats would in a community without overcrowding.The females in the rat population were the most seriously affected by the high population density.For example,mothers sometimes abandoned their pups,and, without their mothers’care,the pups died.The experiments verified that in overpopulated communities,Mother rats do not behave normally.Their behavior may be considered diseased,pathological.The dominant males in the rat population were the least affected by overpopulation.Each of these strong males claimed an area of the enclosure as his own. Therefore,these individuals did not experience the overcrowding in the same way as the other rats did.However,dominant males did behave pathologically at times.Their antisocial behavior consisted of attacks on weaker male,female,and immature rats. This deviant behavior showed that even though the dominant males had enough living space,they too were affected by the general overcrowding.Nondominant males in the experimental rat communities also exhibited deviant social behavior.Some withdrew completely,avoiding contact with other rats.Other nondominant males were hyperactive,chasing other rats and fighting each other.The behavior of the rat population has parallels in human behavior.People in densely populated areas exhibit deviant behavior similar to that of the rats in Calhoun’s experiments.In large urban areas,such as New York City,London,and Cairo,there are abandoned children.There are cruel,powerful individuals,both men and women.There are also people who withdraw and people who become hyperactive. Is the principal cause of these disorders overpopulation?Calhoun’s experiments suggest that it might be.In any case,social scientists and city planners have been influenced by the results of this series of experiments.9.Calhoun stabilized the rat population.A)when it was double the number that could live in the enclosure without stressB)by removing young ratsC)so that there was a constant number of adult rats in the enclosureD)All of the above are correct10.Which of the following inferences CANNOT be made from the information in paragraph1?A)Calhoun’s experiment is still considered important today.B)Overpopulation causes pathological behavior in rat populations.C)Stress does not occur in rat communities unless there is overcrowding.D)Calhoun had experimented with rats before.11.According to the passage,which of the following is NOT true?A)Dominant males had adequate living space.B)Dominant males were not as seriously affected by overcrowding as the other rats.C)Dominant males attacked weaker rats.D)The strongest males are always able to adapt to bad conditions.12.The author implies that the behavior of the dominant male rats is sometimes parallel to that of.A)cruel,powerful people B)people who abandon their childrenC)hyperactive people.D)All of the above are correctPassage4Social change is more likely to occur in societies where there is a mixture of different kinds of people than in societies where people are similar in many ways.The simple reason for this is that there are more different ways of looking at things present in the first kind of society.There are more ideas,more disagreements in interest,and more groups and organizations with different beliefs.In addition,there is usually agreater worldly interest and greater tolerance in mixed societies.All these factors tend to promote social change by opening more areas of life to decision.In a society where people are quite similar in many ways,there are fewer occasions for people to see the need or the opportunity for change because everything seems to be the same.And although conditions may not be satisfactory,they are least customary and undisputed.Within a society,social change is also likely to occur more frequently and more readily in the material aspects of the culture than in the non-material,for example,in technology rather than in values;in what has been learned later in life rather than what was learned early;in the less basic and less emotional aspects of society than in their opposites;in the simple elements rather than in the complex ones;in form rather than in substance;and in elements that are acceptable to the culture rather than in strange elements.Furthermore,social change is easier if it is gradual.For example,it comes more readily in human relations on a continuous scale rather than one with sharp dichotomies.This is one reason why change has not come more quickly to Black Americans as compared to other American minorities,because of the sharp difference in appearance between them and their white counterparts.13.The passage is mainly discussing.A)two different societies B)the necessity of social changeC)certain factors that determine the ease with which social change occurD)certain factors that promote social change14.is one of the factors that tend to promote social change.A)Joint interest B)Advanced technologyC)Less emotional people D)Different points of view15.The expression“greater tolerance”(paragraph1)refers to.A)“greater willingness to accept social change”B)“quicker adaptation to changing circumstances”C)“more respect for different beliefs and behavior”D)“greater readiness to agree to different opinions and ideas”16.According to the passage,which of the following is NOT true?A)Social change tends to meet with more difficulty in basic and emotional aspects of society.B)Disagreement with and argument about conditions tend to slow down social change.C)Social change is more likely to occur in the material aspect of society.D)Social change is less likely to occur in what people learned when they were young. Passage5During her childhood,Rachel showed an interest in nature and in writing.After high school,she enrolled in Pennsylvania State College for Women,intending to become a writer.She switched to biology,however,thereby setting the course of her life.Rachel went to Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore for further study and became a member of the zoology staff at the University of Maryland.For fifteen years,Rachel worked for the United States Fish and Wildlife Service,writing and editing publications.Fortunately,her employer encouraged her to reach a larger audience.Rachel’s poetic style of writing in three books about the ocean caught the imagination of the general reader.Her rare talent as both a physical scientist and a gifted writer earned her the National Book Award for The Sea Around Us.Rachel’s next book marked her as a leading conservationist and a crusader for the preservation of the natural environment.She began writing Silent Spring,knowing that she would be personally attacked and ridiculed.She continued writing despite the ill health that slowed her progress.Upon completing the book,she wrote to a close friend,“I have felt bound by a solemn obligation to do what I could—if I didn’t at least try I could never again be happy in nature.But now I can believe I have at least helped a little.”Rachel Carson did more than help a little.Although both government and industry opposed her,specialists in public health,the press,and the public itself all supported her fight against the irresponsible use of insecticides.Her book eventually led the government to ban DDT.17.This passage is concerned mainly with.A)the environmental revolution in the United StatesB)Rachel Carson as a poetic writerC)the popularity of The sea Around Us and Silent SpringD)Rachel Carson as a conservationist18.Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?A)As a child,Rachel loved books and the natural world.B)Rachel started her higher education aiming at becoming a writer.C)she decided to switch her major to biology in Johns Hopkins UniversityD)Rachel won the National Book Award for The Sea Around Us.19.She began to write Silent Spring because.A)her employer encouraged her to do soB)she felt obliged to fight against the poisoning of the earthC)her poetic writing style was very much appreciated by the general readerD)she knew that it would not bring her any personal harm20.The statement“Rachel Carson did more than help a little”in the fourth paragraph signifies that.A)she played a significant role in the environmental revolutionB)she had proved herself to be an outstanding writer,poet and scientistC)she knew the importance of what she was doing and she succeededD)she devoted her whole life to helping friends and those suffering from the poisoned environmentV.Writing(40points)Write on the answer sheet a composition of about300words on the following topic:Now our government is calling on innovation of the masses.What is your understanding of it?Write an article to explain it,focusing on the relationship between innovation and economy development.ON THE RELATIONSHIPBETWEEN INNOVATION AND ECONOMY DEVELOPMENTYou are to write in four paragraphs.In the first paragraph,introduce the topic and state your view about this topic.In the second and third paragraphs,state the reasons to support your view.In the last paragraph,bring a natural conclusion.。

2018年湖南农业大学硕士研究生入学考试自命题841 教育心理学试题

3、行为改变与行为演练的方法有哪些？联系教学实际，谈谈如何具体使用这些方法。

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