2=一般替代性词汇
写作用高级词汇替换
写作用高级词汇替换
当我们写作时，使用高级词汇可以让我们的文章更富有魅力和表达力。
以下是一些常见的词汇替换，将普通词汇转为高级词汇。
1.替代->取而代之
2.优点->优势
3.缺点->不足之处
4.问题->课题
5.增加->提升
6.减少->调减
7.很多->大量
8.常见->频繁出现的
9.改变->转变
10.提供->提供
11.交流->沟通
12.讨论->探讨
13.快乐->愉悦
14.帮助->协助
15.想法->见解
16.喜欢->热衷于
17.有->具有
18.看见->领会
19.难->苦
20.聪明->聪明的
以上是一些常见的高级词汇替换，可以通过使用高级词汇来提高写作的水平和语言的表达力。
当然，适当使用高级词汇也要注意语境和语法的准确性。
(完整)高考英语作文中常用的替换词
写作常用替换词★形容词：1. 贫穷的：poor = needy = impoverished =poverty-stricken2. 富裕的：rich = wealthy = affluent = well-to-do =well-off3. 优秀的：excellent = eminent = top = outstanding4. 积极的，好的：good = conducive =beneficial=advantageous5. 消极的，不良的：bad = detrimental= baneful=undesirable6. 明显的：obvious = apparent = evident =manifest7. 健康的: healthy = robust = sound = wholesome8. 惊人的：surprising = amazing = extraordinary = miraculous9. 美丽的：beautiful = attractive = gorgeous =eye-catching10. 有活力的：energetic = dynamic = vigorous =animated11. 流行的：popular = prevailing = prevalent= pervasive ★动词：1. 提高，加强：improve = enhance= promote = strengthen = optimize2. 引起：cause = trigger = endanger3. 解决：solve =resolve =address = tackle =cope with = deal with4. 拆除：destroy = tear down = knock down = eradicate5. 培养: develop = cultivate = foster = nurture6. 激发，鼓励：encourage = motivate = stimulate = spur7. 认为：think = assert= hold = claim = argue8. 完成：complete = fulfill = accomplish= achieve9. 保留：keep = preserve = retain = hold10. 有害于：destroy = impair = undermine = jeopardize11. 减轻: ease = alleviate = relieve = lighten★名词：1. 影响：influence= impact2. 危险：danger = perils =hazard3. 污染：pollution = contamination4. 人类：human beings= mankind = human race5. 老人：old people= the old = the elderly = the aged = senior citizens6. 幸福：happiness = cheerfulness = well-being7. 老师：teachers = instructors = educators = lecturers8. 教育：education = schooling = family parenting = upbringing9. 青少年：young people = youngsters = youths = adolescents10. 优点：advantage = merits = superiority = virtue11. 责任：responsibility = obligation = duty = liability12. 能力：ability = capacity = power = skill13. 职业：job = career = employment = profession14. 娱乐：enjoyment = pastimes = recreation=entertainment15. 孩子：children = offspring = descendant= kid★短语：1. 充满了：be filled with = be awash with = be inundatewith = be saturated with2. 努力：struggle for = aspire after = strive for = spare noefforts for3. 从事：embark on = take up = set about = go in for4. 在当代: in contemporary society = in present-daysociety= in this day and age5. 大量的: a host of = a multitude of = a vast number of =a vast amount of1.individuals,characters, folks替换(people ,persons)2: positive, favorable, rosy (美好的)，promising(有希望的)，perfect, pleasurable , excellent, outstanding, superior 替换good3: dreadful, unfavorable, poor, adverse, ill (有害的)替换bad,如果bad做表语，可以有be less impressive替换eg. An army of college students indulge themselves inplaying games, enjoying romance with girls/boys or killing time passively in their dorms. When it approaches tograduation, as a result, they find their academic records are less impressive.4.(an army of, an ocean of, a sea of, a multitude of ,a hostof, many, if not most)替换many.注：用many, if not most 一定要小心，many后一定要有词。
比通报稍微委婉的词汇-解释说明
比通报稍微委婉的词汇-概述说明以及解释1.引言1.1 概述在日常生活中，我们经常会遇到需要传达不好的消息或者指责他人的情况。
然而，有时直接使用与其直接等同的字词可能会导致冲突或者伤害他人的感情。
因此，寻找一些比通报稍微委婉的词汇成为了一项重要的技巧。
委婉的词汇可以帮助我们在沟通中更加圆滑，减少冲突的发生，同时也能保护他人的自尊心。
这些词汇通常通过减弱或转移责任的方式来表达，以缓解对方的不悦或者负面情绪。
在本文中，我们将探讨一些常见的比通报稍微委婉的词汇，并探讨如何在不伤害他人感情的同时传递不好的消息。
无论是在家庭、工作还是社交场合中，这些委婉的词汇都能帮助我们更好地处理各种复杂情况。
通过学习和应用这些委婉的词汇，我们可以提升我们的沟通技巧，维护良好的人际关系，并在处理困难情况时更加灵活和理性。
让我们一起深入探讨以下内容，希望能对您的日常交流带来帮助和启发。
文章结构文章的结构是指文章所遵循的组织框架和布局方式，它对于文章的逻辑性、条理性和信息传达的清晰度起着至关重要的作用。
在本文中，我们将按照以下结构来展开我们对比通报稍微委婉的词汇的讨论。
1. 引言部分1.1 概述在这一部分，我们将简要介绍比通报稍微委婉的词汇的背景和重要性，以及本文的研究目的和方法。
1.2 文章结构在本节中，我们将详细介绍整篇文章的结构和各个部分的内容安排，使读者对文章的整体框架有一个清晰的了解。
1.3 目的在本文中，我们的目的是探讨比通报稍微委婉的词汇的使用，以及这些词汇在不同场景中的适用性和效果。
通过分析和比较各种委婉词汇，我们旨在提供一些好的替代词汇选择。
1.4 总结在本节中，我们将简要总结本文的主要观点和研究结论，强调我们所提供的比通报委婉的词汇的重要性和实用性。
2. 正文部分2.1 要点1在这一部分，我们将介绍第一个比通报委婉的词汇，并详细探讨它的用法、意义和效果。
我们还将通过举例和案例分析，让读者更好地理解和运用这些词汇。
高级英语中的高级替换词汇
高级英语中的高级替换词汇高级英语中的高级替换词汇导语：我们都知道，如果只是背那些作文模板、黄金句式，其实收效甚微，作文想要脱颖而出，还得靠一些高级词汇来点缀!用烂词之一：许多一提到“许多”，无数童鞋的脑海中第一时间浮现了一个词："many"，这种初中词汇就别拿出来丢人了!所以，为了避免阅卷老师的愤怒，我们可以用以下的词汇替换。
替换词NO.1：numerouseg：Scientific development meant the growth of numerous professions ancillary to medicine.科技发展意味着许多医学衍生职业的增长。
替换词NO.2：a host ofeg：The new e-books will include a host of Rough Guide titles.新电子书将包括大量的简明指南。
替换词NO.3：a multitude ofeg：There are a multitude of small quiet roads to cycle along.有很多可以骑车的宁静小路。
用烂词之二：不同的提到“不同的”，别跟我说你没想到"different"一词。
这个词无形中把你的词汇量拉低。
所以为了减少阅卷老师对你智商的无限怀疑，请看下列几个替换词。
替换词NO.1：variouseg：They've been living and working peacefully with members of various ethnic groups.他们和不同民族的人们一起和睦地生活和工作。
替换词NO.2：a variety ofeg：West Hampstead has a variety of good shops andsupermarkets.西汉普斯特德有各种各样不错的店铺和超级市场。
替换词NO.3：diverseeg：people from diverse cultures不同文化背景的人用烂词之三：普遍的说到“普遍的”，只能想到"common"?替换词NO.1：commonplaceeg：Simpson's much vaunted discoveries are in fact commonplace in modern sociology.辛普森的那些被大肆称赞的发现在现代社会学中实际上都不足为奇。
写作中的词汇替换与句子改写技巧
写作中的词汇替换与句子改写技巧在写作过程中，词汇替换和句子改写是提高语言表达能力和文笔水平的重要技巧。
准确选择和替换词汇可以使文章丰富多样，句子变换可以增强表达的灵活性和逻辑连贯性。
本文将探讨写作中的词汇替换与句子改写技巧，并介绍一些常用方法。
一、词汇替换技巧1. 同义词替换：将一个词替换为与其意思相近的同义词，从而丰富文章表达。
例如：很多人对于狗的喜爱是因为它们忠诚可靠。
改写为：很多人对于狗的喜爱是因为它们忠心耿耿。
2. 层次词替换：采用意义更加丰富的词汇来表示相同或相似的事物，使文章更具亮点。
例如：这个地方的风景非常美丽。
改写为：这个地方的风景壮丽绝伦。
3. 比喻词替换：采用具体形象的词汇来替代抽象概念，使文章更生动有趣。
例如：他的笑容非常灿烂。
改写为：他的笑容如阳光般灿烂。
4. 平凡词替换：将过于平凡的词汇替换为高级、正式或专业的词汇，提升文章的格调和质感。
例如：他是一个好老师。
改写为：他是一位优秀的教育家。
二、句子改写技巧1. 句型改写：通过调整句子的结构和语序来改写句子，使文章更加通顺流畅。
例如：他非常努力，但是没有取得好成绩。
改写为：尽管他非常努力，但却没有取得好成绩。
2. 时态改写：根据上下文和需要，适当改变动词的时态，使句子更具时效性和连贯性。
例如：他早上到学校。
改写为：他每天早上都到学校。
3. 从句改写：通过改写从句的引导词或者结构，使从句更简洁明了，增强句子的表达力。
例如：我会好好工作，以便能够赚取更多的钱。
改写为：我会好好工作，为了能够赚取更多的钱。
4. 同位语改写：将同位语改写为定语从句，使句子结构更加复杂，增加修饰成分，表达更详细。
例如：我听到新闻说他考上了大学。
改写为：我听到他考上了大学的新闻。
总结：词汇替换和句子改写是写作中常用的技巧和方法。
通过合理、准确地选择词汇，以及灵活、巧妙地改写句子，可以使文章更加生动、有趣，增强语言表达的能力。
在实际写作中，我们应该根据具体语境和需要灵活运用这些技巧，提高写作水平，使文章更具可读性和影响力。
雅思经典词汇以与替换词
I.经典单词A.动词Reassure(安慰 / 消除疑虑 / 使恢复信心/使安心 )WitnessStagnateOutwitBewareDabbleOutnumberRevitalize（复苏，振兴）Intrigue 引起⋯的兴趣UnfoldAdorn 装饰、佩戴Marvel （vi or vt ）=astonish 对⋯感到惊奇Fulfill 履行，实现 /满足Appreciate ( 体会 )Trigger （引发）CherishIntertwineExpireAbstain 有意回避 / 弃权（投票）~ from 戒除Be prone to=be inclined to=tend to倾向于 (have a favorable attitudetowards⋯)ReckonServe(the purpose)=do good toEncounterEndeavor=try hard toobliterateIncurProsecutePose (a problem /question) 造成（问题）/提出疑问Place ⋯ in （ someone in a difficultposition/plight ） (将某人 )置于 (困难的境地 )/ 寄希望于Place=put 放Attain 达到（目的，标准）- achieve 实现Contribute to=lead to = cause = bringabout 促成，造成Entail 客观上需要（代替 need）Abound (happiness abounds in hardwork)Disseminate （传播，弘扬知识，文化，精神等）Deteriorate恶化Represent=mean 意味着undergo=experience 经历Uphold=in favor of=endorse=support支持Barrier=impede=hinder阻碍Tailor=cater for (one ’taste/need) 调整使适应Cater(满足需要或欲望；提供饮食)PrevailjeopardizeSeize 抓住 (机遇 )Seek for 寻求（发展）Orient to 使明确位置，使熟悉某物，正确的判断 ,约等于 acquaint with （～products to the needs of market ）MotivateNourish 怀有情绪并增长（ hope,dream, notion, idea ） nourish thedream of having an entirely tidy worldMushroom/burgeon 猛增Conceive 设想 /认为Hype （ n & v, 大肆宣传）Envisage1.展望——future, circumstance2.设想 =conceive3.面对，约等于 face with ——challenge, dilemmaContaminateExemplify 1. 举例说明(To exemplifywhat I mean, let ’puts a slant on⋯ )2.是⋯的典型，约等于 epitomizeFavorEpitomize 集中体现，成为（某事物）的缩影~the popular conception oflife in the publicDisregard 漠视Beautify=embellish Avail 有益于 / 有助于 (1. avail oneself of something 利用某物 ~oneself of every opportunity to enrich your scope of knowledge./ Money will not avail you after you are dead.)Bolster(支持~ism/theory, 支撑局面等，鼓励 ) ～the booming picture,Adhere to 遵守 (adhere 还有粘附的意思 )Facilitate=hasten 加快,促进～work/process Facilitate=make it convenient 使便利Bump intoyieldDefine/determine 界定Economic factors determine the progress which a society can make.Spice 使增添乐趣Specialize 专门从事，专攻EnrichImitateEspouse 拥护（事业，信仰，生活方式）BrainstormPrioritize 优先考虑 / 理出优先顺序Propound=propose（doing something ）Perceive 察觉，把⋯理解成Endow 赋予ReiterateIntegrateUnload （ burden）Treasure (opportunity)Lie in 基于在⋯的情况Evoke——memory, feeling, imaginationOveremphasizeCry for 迫切需要AmeliorateEye 着眼于Consistently maintain 坚持主张Concede 不情愿的承认Discount 不考虑 / 不全信Discredit 使怀疑 / 败坏⋯的名声 / 使不相信Contemplate/mull仔细考虑minimize ——maximizeensue 继而发生envisionB.名词AspirationAssertion (There is a few data to backup this ~.)InspirationWhereaboutsReplicaAscendancy (have/gain the ascendancyover 获得压倒性优势 )OutcomePlea 请愿 / 托词Initiative首创性/主动性（注意是名词）PriorityPrivilegetouchthoughtMechanism 机制Hierarchy 层次，阶层——learning ~,social~, a sense of~(层次观念 )，CohesionStatus symbolEndeavorInsight/perceptionEdificationIngredient/building blockGrip 控制力 /紧握 / 控制作动词时：吸引/紧握MilestoneCornerstoneTriumph 代替 achievementLandmark 标志性建筑 /里程碑MisconductResilience 适应能力 / 应变能力 / 恢复力recessionLife expectancy/life span 平均寿命DiscretionMillennium 千禧年，一千年believein the approach of the millennium of peace and happinessStereotype (conform to)陈见，老一套的见解（的人），不好的旧习（ racial, sexual）HospitalityRecipe/knack 诀窍EliteEmbryo 萌芽状态CradleCoreCrunch time 关键时刻Momentum动力/势头GroundSpecialty 招牌菜 / 专业Commodity 代替 productFacadeDilemma, 约等于 hassle(困难的事，麻烦事 /激烈的辩论 )Approach=gateway 方法，途径Consciousness=awarenessSetback/frustration/discouragement挫折 reverse 逆境Well-beingTrait 代替 characterTableau 戏剧性的场面ExhilarationDelinquencySeverity 艰苦的环境 / 严酷Fabric 代替 structure( 构造 )Apparatus(器械 / 组织 ,机构 )PrevalencemetropolisMicrocosmCrossroadChallengePrerequisite/necessityOffspring，descendent 子女，后代Commercialization Disorientation 方向迷失 Cybercrime 网络犯罪Upbringing/ cultivation/nurtureRefinement 优雅的举止（装置的改进）Backbone(支柱 )PerilDeprivation （ perils of deprivation ）mainstreamBlueprint( 蓝图 )Threshold 门槛，开始（喻）LikelihoodThe likelihood that animals living in forests will become extinct is increased when the forest are cut down.C.形容词Ongoing/progressive 不断前进的，正在进行中的（过程 / 工作）EverlastingEnergetic 充满活力的，精力充沛的Redundant 因人员过剩而被解雇的 ,多余的Foolproof 万无一失的MiraculousTraumaticPremierStubbornPersuasiveSpontaneous 天真率直的、自然的、无意识的ExtrovertTangibleFeasible=availableSpaciousfriendlierLeftoverIrreplaceable(historical significance) Vigorous 有力的 / 精力充沛的Venerable (因年岁、品格、有某种关联等 )值得尊重的 , 受敬佩的Fruitful 多产的 / 富有成效的，成功的（形容物）Formidable 可畏的 / 可观的Foremost=most significantApt 适合 / 聪明 (be apt to, 倾向于，易于 )Burning, pressing（dilemma ）Favorablemultilateral UntimelyEpochal 新纪元的Pernicious 有害的PermissiveWeary 厌倦的 / 不耐烦的 / 萎靡的 / 困乏的GroundlessAffectionate 充满热爱的，柔情的Addictive 使上瘾的，上瘾的Prompt-rapid-swiftTempting 诱人的Time-honoredWell-groundedUnwholesome 不卫生的 / 有害身心健康的（ works, idea, performance ）Unadvised 轻率的VolatilepointlessUncompromisingRational 理性的Judicious=sensible 明智的Prudent 有先见之明的Prevalent, prevailingInexhaustibleSelf-contemptuous 自卑的IrresistiblePreferential 优惠的Palatable 可口的Magnanimous 宽宏大量的Money-oriented向钱看的Obscure 晦涩的Inward 内在的Irreparable 不可挽回的Instructive 有教育意义的Demanding 要求高的PredominantTumultuous 无秩序的Humane 人道的Ingrain 根深蒂固的Indigenous 土生土长的Post-mortem 事后的ProfoundExcessive, lavishUnprecedentedPregnant /loaded1. 意味深长的 a pregnant pause/reply negative～暧昧的否认be pregnant with meaning 富有意义His words were followed by a pregnant pause.2.孕育be pregnant with new ideas3.丰富，有创造力pregnant years 丰年 /an pregnant artist/seem pregnant with life 充满了活力indispensable 不可或缺的（注意拼写）Interdependent 相互依存的 Gear使搭配、使适合（ vt./vi. ）ForthcomingArduous 艰苦的CordialsnappyCompassionateCompatibleContributive 约等于 beneficial AuthoritativeExotic 外来的 /奇异的EnthusiasticQuite a 不寻常的ExquisiteNeedyCogent, potent （强有力的）有说服力的ElaborateutilitarianSophisticatedGiven 特定的 / 规定的 /假设的superlativeCompulsory 义务的，必须做的Comprehensive 全面的，综合的Chronic ~malady/evil 长期的弊病prospective 预期的 ,未来的可能的EquivalentInconceivable 难以想象的Subjective-objectiveSpiritual-materialControversialGrave (mistake, threaten)Stressful——leisurelyComfortable-laboriousSubsequentExpedient 权益之计的，应急有效的约等于 would betterD.介词：Amid 用法同 amongBeneathVia 替代byE.副词 /状语ApaceGround（ v） on (grounded on=due to;somebody ground his opinion on facts)afterwardsBeforehandAmazinglyHitherto迄今为止Take a serious toll on 付出巨大的代价（The flood has taken a toll on life ）Pave the way for为⋯。
(完整word版)写作中如何用高级词汇替代平庸词汇
写作如何用高端词汇替换平庸词汇方法一：用相对偏僻的词汇替代常用词汇，高下立见。
1. veryterribly 非常，极度地extremely 极端地surprisingly 令人惊讶地pretty 非常greatly 很，大大地，非常highly 高度地，非常badly 非常，很，严重地quite 很，相当，完全simply 简直perfectly 完全地totally 完全地，完全2. goodgreat / wonderful excellent 棒极了的，极好的fantastic 棒极了的，极好的brilliant 棒极了的，极好的fabulous 棒极了的，极好的superb 棒极了的，极好的terrific 棒极了的，极好的meaningful 有意义的educational 有教育意义的3.beautifulattractive 吸引人的，迷人的appealing 吸引人的，迷人的fascinating 吸引人的，迷人的eye-catching 吸引人的gorgeous 极好的，华丽的4. surprisingamazing 令人惊异的extraordinary 特别的，非凡的miraculous 不可思议的5. importantsignificant 重要的essential 基本的，必要的crucial 重要的，决定性的critical 决定性的decisive 决定性的dominant 支配的predominant 主要的determinant 决定性的6. bigenormous 庞大的，巨大的tremendous 巨大的，惊人的gigantic 庞大的，不可思议的vast 广阔的，巨大的boundless 无限的，无边无际的方法二：单词变短语，能用短语的则用短语替换单词，不仅字数更多，而且更加能准确表达句意。
1.表达“关于”之意，除了about 之外，还有一些短语可替换，如：as to, as for, in regards to,with respect to, in respect to, in relation to, in terms of等。
雅思口语常见的替代词
雅思口语常见的替代词在雅思口语考试中，使用替代词可以增加表达的多样性和丰富性，避免重复使用相同的词汇和表达方式。
以下是一些常见的雅思口语替代词：1.描述人的词汇：人：people, individuals, folks, crowds漂亮的：beautiful, handsome, attractive, gorgeous丑陋的：ugly, unattractive, homely, plain和蔼的：gentle, kind, friendly, sociable冷漠的：cold, indifferent, unconcerned, apathetic勤奋的：diligent, hardworking, industrious, passionate懒惰的：lazy, idle, sluggish, lethargic有趣的：funny, amusing, comical, humorous无趣的：boring, dull, tasteless, uninteresting2.描述事物的词汇：重要的：important, significant, crucial, essential简单的：simple, easy, plain, effortless复杂的：complex, sophisticated, intricate, convoluted快乐的：happy, joyful, merry, delighted悲伤的：sad, unhappy, gloomy, mournful有趣的：interesting, engaging, captivating, entertaining 无趣的：boring，dull，tasteless，uninteresting昂贵的：expensive，costly，pricey，premium便宜的：cheap，inexpensive，low-cost，budget3.描述经历的词汇：喜欢的：like，enjoy，love，relish不喜欢的：dislike，hate，loathe，detest满意的：satisfied，content，pleased，gratified不满意的：dissatisfied，unhappy，frustrated，disappointed 成功的：successful，triumphant，conclusive，accomplished 失败的：failure，defeat，flop，mishap有益的：beneficial，advantageous，rewarding，wholesome 有害的：harmful，detrimental，deleterious，pernicious在雅思口语考试中，使用这些替代词可以增加表达的多样性和丰富性，避免重复使用相同的词汇和表达方式。
写作中的词汇替换
写作中的词汇替换动词替换：1.Improve 提高：Promote、Advance、Enhance2.change 改变：Transform3.Emphasize 强调：Highlight、Stress、Address(这是个9星级用法)4.Develop培养：Agriculture、Cultivate、Nurture5.Break 破坏：Impair、Undermine这两个词指的是抽象意义上的破坏Jeopardize、Devastate这两个词用了就牛X了6.Keep 保存Preserve、Conserve 保护资源用的就是这个词，不要用protect，protect这个词用在保护具体的东西。
7.deal With解决Tackle、Address（这也是高难度用法，很牛）、Resolve8.need 需要Require、necessitate、call for（这也是个很高级的用法，奥巴马就用这个）形容词替换：1.Everywhere 普遍的Widespread、Prevalent、Overflow、Rampant2.Good 好的Beneficial、Advantageous3.Harmful 有害的Inhumane、Detrimental、Baneful4.Rich 富有的Wealthy、Affluent5.Poor 贫穷的Impoverished7.Serious 严重的Severe8.Obvious 明显的Manifest、Apparent、Evident9.cheap 便宜的Economical、Inexpensive名词替换：1.Forefather 祖先Ancestor、Predecessor2.Difference不同Gap（简单但是牛）、Distinction3.Crime 犯罪Delinquency、Criminal Act4.Environment 环境Circumstance、Atmosphere、Surrounding、Ambience5.Pollution 污染Contamination6.Human 人类The human raceHumanityHumankind7.Danger 危险Peril、Hazard8.In modern society 在当今社会In contemporary societyIn present-day societyIn this day and age（这是最牛的说法）1、不要再用 more and more，用a growing number of..2、inevitable。
英语词汇替代
写作词汇贫乏的来看看(转) 禁止广告来源：❤何冲❤的日志1解决: Solve, deal with, cope with, handle, resolve, address, tackle2损害：Damage, hurt, injure, harm, impair, undermine, jeopardize3给与：Give, offer, render, impart, provide, supply, afford4培养：：Develop, cultivate, foster5优势：Advantage, merit, virtue, benefit, upside, strength6 缺陷：Disadvantage, demerit, drawback, downside, weakness7 使迷惑：Puzzle, bewilder, perplex, baffle8 重要的：Key, crucial, critical, important, significant, vital, substantial, indispensable, imperative9 认为：Think, believe, insist, maintain, assert, conclude, deem, hold, argue, be con vinced, be firmly convinced, be fully convinced10 保护：Protect, conserve, preserve11确保：Assure, ensure, guarantee, pledge12 有害的：Bad, baneful evil, harmful, detrimental13 要求：Request, demand, needs, requisition14 消除：Eliminate, clear, remove, clear up, take away, smooth away15 导致：Lead to, bring about, result in, cause, spark off, conduce to, procure, ind uce, generate16 因此：So, therefore, thus, hence, consequently, as a consequence, accordingly, a s a result, because of this, as a result of this17 增长至：Grow to，rise to，increase to，go up to，climb to，ascend to，jump to，shoot to18降低至：Dip to，fall to，decline to，decrease to，drop to，go down to，reduce t o，slump to，descend to，sink to，slide to19保持稳定：Level out，do not change，remain stable，remain still，remain steady，be stable，maintain the same level，remain unchanged，be still，remain the same l evel，stay constant，keep at the same level，level off，stabilize，keep its stability，e ven out20 急剧地：Dramatically，drastically，sharply，hugely，enormously，steeply，substanti ally，considerably，significantly，markedly，surprisingly，strikingly，radically，remarka bly，vastly，noticeably21平稳地：Steadily，smoothly，slightly，slowly，marginally，gradually，moderately，m ildly22 宣称：Allege, assert, declare, claim23 发生：Happen, occur, take place24 原因：Reason, factor, cause25 发展：Development, advance, progress26 有益的：Useful, helpful, beneficial, profitable, rewarding，advantageous27 影响：Influence, impact, effect28明显的：Clear, obvious, evident, self-evident, manifest, apparent, crystal-clear29占：Comprise, take up, account for, constitute, consist of, make up, occupy, hold, compose30与…相比：Compared with，compared to，in comparison with，in comparison to，b y comparison with，by comparison to31对比而言：By contrast，in contrast，on the other hand，on the contrary=，conver sely32展示：Show, reveal, illustrate, demonstrate, depict, present, represent, describe33 大约：Approximately，almost，about，around，nearly，roughly34波动：Fluctuate，go ups and downs，display a fluctuation，demonstrate a fluctuat ion35事实上：Practically，in practice，essentially，in essence，in reality，in effect，in fa ct，as a matter of fact，it is a fact that36换言之：Namely，that is to say，in other words，to put it like this，to put it diff erently，to put it from another way，to put it from another angle.Important : significant vital essential key crucial（一）段首句1. 关于……人们有不同的观点。
英语写作常用替换词
写作常用替换词★形容词：1. 贫穷的：poor = needy = poverty-stricken2. 富裕的：rich = wealthy = well-to-do = well-off3. 优秀的：excellent = top = outstanding4. 积极的，好的：good = conducive = beneficial=advantageous5. 消极的，不良的：bad = baneful =undesirable6. 明显的：obvious = apparent = evident7. 健康的: healthy = sound = wholesome8. 惊人的：surprising = amazing = extraordinary 9. 美丽的：beautiful = attractive = eye-catching10. 有活力的：energetic = dynamic = vigorous ★动词：1. 提高，加强：improve = enhance= promote = strengthen2. 引起：cause = endanger3. 解决：solve =resolve =address = tackle =cope with = deal with4. 拆除：destroy = tear down = knock down5. 培养: develop = cultivate = foster6. 激发，鼓励：encourage = motivate = stimulate = spur7. 认为： think = assert= hold = claim = argue8. 完成：complete = fulfill = accomplish= achieve9. 保留：keep = preserve = retain = hold10. 有害于：destroy = impair = undermine11. 减轻: ease = alleviate = relieve = lighten★名词：1. 影响：influence= impact2. 危险：danger =hazard3. 污染：pollution = contamination [kənˌtæmɪ'neɪʃən]4. 人类：human beings= mankind = human race5. 老人： old people= the old = the elderly = the aged = senior citizens6. 幸福：happiness = cheerfulness = well-being7. 老师：teachers = instructors = educators = lecturers8. 教育：education = schooling = family parenting = upbringing9. 青少年：young people = youngsters = youths = adolescents10. 优点：advantage = merits = superiority [su:pɪəri’ɒrəti] = virtue11. 责任： responsibility = obligation = duty12. 能力： ability = capacity[kə'pæsətɪ] = power = skill13. 职业：job = career = employment = profession14. 娱乐：enjoyment = pastimes = recreation= entertainment15. 孩子： children = offspring = kid★短语：1. 充满了：be filled with = be full of2. 努力：struggle for = strive for = spare no efforts for3. 从事： take up = set about = go in for4. 在当代: in contemporary society = in present-day society= in this day and age5. 大量的: a host of = a vast number of = a vast amount of词的替换,characters,folks替换(people ,persons)2: positive, favorable, rosy (美好的)，promising(有希望的)，perfect, excellent, outstanding, superior替换good3: dreadful, unfavorable, poor, ill (有害的)替换bad,如果bad做表语，可以有be less impressive替换4: a slice of, quiet a few , several替换some 5: harbor the idea that, take the attitude that, hold the view that,it is widely shared that,it is universally acknowledged that替think(因为是书面语，所以要加that)6:affair ,business ,matter 替换thing7: shared 代 commonhuge fruits 替换get many benefits )9: for my part ,from my own perspective 替换 in my opinion10..beneficial, rewarding替换helpful,,client,consumer,purchaser,换 customerappeals to sb, fascination on sb替换sb take interest in / sb. be interestedinone's attention替换attract one's attention. 替换want.in mind that 替换remember16. enjoy, possess 替换have(注意process是过程的意思)on sth替换 be against , disagree with sth name only a few, as an example替换for example, for instance恰当用词1. accelerate: 后面接名词，表示“加速”，中性词，好事坏事都能用。
国际汉语教师资格证考试 冲刺课_第3课_词汇串讲
冲刺 --- 词汇词汇词汇（1）一、词汇词词汇又称语汇，是一种语言里所有的（或特定范围的）词和固定短语的总和。
二、词汇单位语素、词和词的构成、固定短语三、语素1、语素是语言中最小的音义结合体。
例如：书、马虎它们不能分解成更小的有意义单位。
现代汉语的语素大部分是单音节的，也有双音节的，还有多音节的（一般是外来词，如“奥林匹克”）2、确定语素可以采用替代法用已知语素替代有待确定是否语素的语言单位注：两种替代缺一不可，如蝴蝶；在替代中保持意义的基本一致，如马虎。
3、语素的分类（1）按音节：单音节语素和多音节语素（2）按语素的构词能力，可以分为三种A、自由语素：能够独立成词的语素叫自由语素。
许多自由语素也能够和其他语素自由组合成词。
如地、牛、火B、半自由语素：不能单独组成词，只能同其他语素自由组合成词，在构词时位置不固定的语素叫半自由语素，如民、语、言、操C、不自由语素：不能独立成词，而且同别的语素组合成词时位置固定的语素叫不自由语素，如阿、们、子四、词定义词是由语素充当，比语素高一级的语言单位。
词是句中最小的能够独立运用的语言单位。
“独立运用”是指能够单说（单独成句）或单用（单独做句子成分或单独起语法作用）。
词的构成词是由语素构成的。
词中表示基本意义的语素叫词根，词根是词的词汇意义的主要承担者，加在词根上表示附加意义的语素叫词缀。
由一个语素构成的词叫做单纯词，由两个或两个以上的语素构成的词叫做合成词。
（1）单纯词A、单音节的：如天，江B、多音节的a、连绵词：指两个音节连缀成义而不能拆开来讲的词b、双声的：指两个音节的声母相同的连绵词。
如参差，仿佛c、叠韵的：指两个音节的“韵”相同的连绵词。
如烂漫，从容d、其他：如蝴蝶，芙蓉e、叠音词：由两个相同的音相叠而构成。
如猩猩，潺潺f、音译外来词：如葡萄，歇斯底里（2）合成词A、复合式：至少要有两个不相同的词根结合在一起构成，从词根和词根之间的关系看，分五种类型：a、联合型：如途径、国家b、偏正型：如火红c、补充型：如提高，车辆d、动宾型：如司机、注意e、主谓型：如地震，日食，民主B、重叠式：如姐姐，仅仅，刚刚C、附加式：a、词缀+词根：老虎，阿姨b、词根+词缀：刀子，来头，鸟儿此外，还有词根和一个叠音词缀结合的,如红通通（的）五、短语短语是词和词的语法组合，可以单说或单用，但它不是最小的能够独立运用的单位，它是可以分割的，中间往往能插入别的造句成分（即扩展）。
申论作文素材替代词汇
申论作文素材替代词汇
申论作文素材替代词汇如下：
1. 替代－代替、取代、更换、替换、代理、替补
2. 素材－材料、资料、信息、内容、素材库、素材来源
3. 标题－题目、名目、头衔、字号、命名、标题栏
4. 相同－类似、一致、相似、相符、相匹配、相等
5. 文字－字词、表述、文字表达、语言、句子、短语
6. 文中－正文、文章、段落、内容、篇章、故事
7. 不要－避免、不应、勿、无需、禁止、忌用
8. 不能－不可、不允许、禁止、无法、不得、难以
9. 有－包含、具有、拥有、含有、存在、表现
10. 相同的－一样的、相似的、类似的、相等的、一致的、同样的
请注意使用这些词汇要在适当的语境下使用，以保持句子的流畅和准确性。
高中英语知识点归纳写作中的同义词替换技巧
高中英语知识点归纳写作中的同义词替换技巧同义词替换技巧在写作中扮演着至关重要的角色，尤其是在高中英语写作中。
它可以帮助我们避免重复使用相同的词汇，提升文章的表达效果和丰富性。
在本文中，我将详细介绍几种常见的同义词替换技巧及其应用场景。
一、名词替换1. 单词的不同形式：比如将形容词转化为相应的名词形式，如将"important"替换为"importance"。
2. 同义词替换：找到与原词意义相近的词汇替代，如用"knowledge"替换"information"。
二、动词替换1. 动词的不同形式：通过变换时态、人称等形式来替换动词，如将"start"替换为"begin"。
2. 同义词替换：找到与原动词意义相近的词汇替代，如用"achieve"替换"attain"。
三、形容词和副词替换1. 同义词替换：找到与原形容词或副词意义相近的词汇替代，如用"beautiful"替换"gorgeous"。
2. 比较级和最高级：通过变换形容词的级别来替换，如将"good"替换为"better"或"best"。
四、连词和介词替换1. 同义词替换：找到与原连词或介词意义相近的词汇替代，如用"in addition"替换" furthermore"。
2. 连词和介词的词组替换：将连词或介词与相关的词汇组成固定的短语替代原词，如将"due to"替换为"because of"。
五、短语和句子替换1. 强调句子：通过改变句子成分或结构来强调重点，如将"John loves Mary"改为"It is John who loves Mary"。
高中英语同义词替换词汇
高中英语同义词替换词汇动词词组&替换词1.经历：undergo, experience, go through2.感激：appreciate, be grateful/thankful to3.认为，宣称：believe, insist, maintain, hold, argue, assert, declare, claim4.容纳：admit, accommodate, contain, hold, seat5.适合：be suited to, be suitable for, be fit for6.处理：deal with, do with, cope with, handle7.记住：bear sth. in mind, learn sth. by heart8.充当：act as, serve as, work as, function as9.确保：see to it that, make sure that, ensure that10.当心：watch out, look out, take care, be careful11.表明：indicate, suggest, show, imply, make clear12.依靠：depend on, rely on, be dependent on, count on13.总计：total to, come to, amount to, add up to, reach14.熬夜：stay up, sit up, be up late/ far/ deep into the night15.考虑：take account of, take sth. intoaccount/consideration16.建立：establish, found, build, create, set up, put up17.说服：persuade sb. into doing sth., persuade sb. to do sth18.厌烦：be bored with, be fed up with, be tired of, be sick of19.发生：happen, occur, come about, take place, go on, break out20.控制：bring sth .under control, take control of, have power over21.替代：replace, stand for, substitute for, take the place of, represent22.区分：identify, distinguish…from…， distinguish the difference between…and…23.完成：fulfill, accomplish, finish, complete, get through with sth, go through with sth.24.重视：pay more attention to, lay emphasis on, attach importance/significance to25.反对：be against, oppose, object to, be opposed to, argue against, make a stand against26.参加：take, join in, take part in, get involved in, participate in, go in for27.赞成：be for, favor, in favor of, approve of, be on one’s side, argue for, take a stand for28.导致：cause, lead to, result in, bring about, contribute to, account for, give birth to, give rise to29.喜欢：be fond of, enjoy, take pleasure in, be interested in, take interest in, be keen on, be addiction to, be hooked on, have a passion for, have a great enthusiasm for, have a preference for30.做调查：conduct/carry out a survey/ an investigation31.有害于：do damage to, be harmful to, be bad for32.致力于：bend/ devote/apply/commit/offer oneself to doing sth.33.有益于：do good to, benefit, be of benefit to, be beneficial to34.开始做：go about doing, set about doing, get down to doing, set out to do35.尽全力：do one’s best, spare no effort, make every effort, do everything that sb. can, go all out, strain every nerve36.高度评价：speak highly of, sing high praise for37.解决问题：solve/settle/fix/work out the problem38.由…组成：consist of, be made up of, be composed of39.照顾：care for, take care of, look after, attend to, tend to40.对…有影响：affect, influence, have animpact/effect/influence on/upon41.提出问题：bring forward/put forward/raise/come upwith/bring up a problem42.有吸引力：attract, appeal to, be appealing to, be attractive to, be attracted to43.对…负责：be in charge of, take charge of, be responsible for, take responsibility for44.把…当成：see/view/regard/treat/consider/think of…as…45.达成协议：make/reach/arrive at/come to/work out an agreement, make terms, come to terms46.充分利用：make full use of, make the most of, take advantage of, make the best of47.留下印象：impress sth. on sb., impress sb with, make/leavea deep impression on sb.48.全神贯注：center/focus/ concentrate on, fix one’s attention on, put one’s heart into, beabsorbed/buried/lost/engaged/occupied in49.与…有联系：be associated/linked/connected with, be related to, have sth. to do with50.做事有困难：have difficulty/trouble（in）doing sth., have trouble/difficulty with sth.51.担心：be worried about, be concerned about, be anxious about52.耗尽：use sth, up, run out of sth, sth give out, exhaust53.满足需求：meet/satisfy/suit/fulfill/cater to one’s need54.摆脱…的习惯：kick/break/get out of/fall out of the habit of doing sth.55.促进…的发展：accelerate/promote/stimulate/advance the development of sth.56.提高…的意识：raise/increase/sharpen/strengthen/awake/arouse people’s awareness of57.养成…的习惯：form/fall into/ get into/pickup/develop/slide into the habit of doing sth.58.与…和谐相处：live in harmony with, be at peace with, live in peace with, get on/along well with59.面临困难：be faced with, face, confront, encounter difficulty60.坚持：stick， adhere, cling61.忽视；忽略：neglect，ignore62.追求；寻求：pursue， seek63.责备；归咎于：blame，condemn64.侮辱；辱骂：insult，humiliate65.抱怨：complain， grumble66.解除；减轻：relieve，alleviate67.促使；强迫：force，compel68.避开；避免：avoid，shun, escape69.毁灭；毁坏：ruin， devastate70.使震惊；使惊奇：surprise，startle, astound, astonish形容词词组&替换词71.重要的: important, significant, vital, key72.古代的；陈旧的：ancient， archaic, antique, aged73.充足的,丰富的: adequate, abundant, sufficient74.明显的: obvious, apparent, remarkable75.消极的: harmful, negative, damaging, detrimental76.大量的: a host of, a vast number of, a vast amount of,a great deal of77.共同的；通用的：common, universal78.邻近的：near, adjacent, adjoin79.精确的：accurate, precise, exact80.最高的；最优的：top， peak, summit81.初级的；基本的:primary, radical, fundamental82.勤勉的: hard-working, industrious83.费力的: difficult, arduous84.贫瘠的: poor, barren, infertile85.易碎的；易受攻击的：fragile，vulnerable86.公平的：fair， impartial87.永久的：forever， perpetual, immutable88.沉闷的；乏味的：boring=tedious89.危险的：dangerous， perilous90.湿润的；潮湿的：wet， moist, damp, humid91.特别的；具体的：typical， characteristic, distinctive，representative92.小心的：careful， cautious93.奇怪的；古怪的：strange，eccentric94.怀疑的：dubious， skeptical, doubtful, questionable95.吸引人的：attractive， appealing, absorbing96.常见的,普遍的: usual, common, regular, widespread, typical, universal, prevalent名词词组&替换词97.好处：advantages, strengths, merits98.坏处: disadvantages, weaknesses, the weak points99.原因: reason, factor, cause100.发展: development, progress, growth, advancement101.能力: ability, power, skill, capacity, competence102.多样性: diversity, difference, variety, range103.方法；方式：method， means, way, process104.压力: stress, burden, pressure, tension, strain105.竞争；比赛：competition， rival, opponent106.名声；名望：fame， prestige, reputation107.热情：enthusiasm， zeal, fervency108.结果；影响：result，consequence109.领域；区间：field， domain110.无秩序；混乱：disorder，disarray, chaos111.职业: job, career, employment, vocation, position, profession， occupation112.观点：opinion， perspective, standpoint副词词组&替换词113.急剧地：dramatically, sharply, hugely, markedly, drastically, significantly114.平稳地: steadily, smoothly, gradually, moderately115.大约: about, almost, nearly, roughly, approximately 116.毫无疑问地: doubtlessly, undoubtedly, unquestionably, beyond any shadow of the doubt117.一直；总是：always，invariably118.最近：nowadays，currently119.只有；仅仅；唯一：only，unique, distinctive 120.相当；非常：quite，fairly。
英语写作的高级替换词汇
下面这些词汇以后就要在写作的时候少出现了，其替换方案仅供参考，旨在激发大家的灵感，希望诸位今后能够稍加注意，尽可能多的体现用词的多样性以及准确性。
（在此感谢President Luo以及同学们提供的写作素材）1，very：pretty, much, quite, greatly, highly, extre mely…2，important：vital, critical, essential, influential, meaningful, prominent, significan t……3，more and more:an increasing number of, increasing ly, on a rise….4，think:believe, deem, argue, assume, contend, reckon, maintain, figure, point out, do not mistr ust, hold the view that…5，like:enjoy, be fond of, be in favor of, relish, prefe r….6，first/second/third:第一：To start/begin with, on one hand, initially；第二：Furthermore, in addition, besides, on the other hand, following this, moreover, next;第三：Last but not least; then, thus, hence, consequently;7，many/some:most, few, more than, less than, no more than, no less than, the majority of, the minority of, an overwhelming number of8，and/but:not only…but also, as well as, howev er, nevertheless, otherwise, whereas, on the contrary, conversely9，in my opinion:personally, speaking for myself, as far as I am concerned, as to me, from my angle, from my point of view, from my perspective, from my way of thinking10，Every coin has two sides. / How time flies.… a two-edged sword （双刃剑）Happiness takes no account of time. (欢乐不觉时光过)1. 越来越：be increasingly +adj.，be on the rise，a growing number2. 人们认为：it is generally/widely believed/held/agreed that3. 许多问题：a host/ number of problem4. 引起人们注意：claim call/attract general/public/world attention to sth.5. 意识到：there is a growing awareness（知道）/realization of/that，awaken sb. To the fact/danger6. 适应的形势/变化：adapt/adjust/accommodate（使适应） oneself to new environment/ change7. 接触各种思想/经历：be exposed to new ideas/experiences/problems8. 接触社会：come into frequent/close contact with the world/society9. 获得成功：achieve/accomplish success10. 提出观点/建议：advance/put forward/come up with thearguments/ideas/suggestions11. 作出努力：make tremendous（极大的）/persistent（持久固的）/sustained（持续不变的）effort to do sth.，take great pains to do（with work/study）12. 影响学习：interfere with studies/work13. 产生影响：have/exert a profound（刻的） influence on life/personality，have a dramatic/ undesirable（令人不快的） effect on14. 较好地驾驭生活：be a better pilot of one’s life15. 剥夺机会/权力：deprive oneself of the chance/right/opportunity16. 取代：substitute（替代） for/take the place of the old way17. 采取措施：take effective steps/measures to18. 控制我们的环境：take/gain increasing control over our own environment19. 躲避危险/挑战：shy（躲避）/run away from the dangers/challenge20. 满足要求：meet/satisfy/accommodate the demand of21. 补偿损失：compensate for / make up for the loss/damage22. 解释某现象：account for / explain the phenomenon23. 对……很好的了解：have a better undrstanding/appreciation of，have a new perspective（观点） on，provide/gain an insight into24. 把某因素考虑进去：take sth. into account（consideration），give much thought to25. 品位人生/自由青春：savor the life/freedom/youth26. 培养对……的信心：develop/foster one’s interest/confidence in27. 经历变化/困难/艰险：undergo/experience great changes/hardships/experience28. 表现出自信心等： project one’s confidence/feeling/image29. 生活充满不公正的地方：life is full of minor irritation/injustice30. 追求学习/职业：pursue one’s academic（理论的）interest/professional career31. 学习知识/技术：pursue/acquire knowledge/technology/skill32. 被看作学习的……榜样：be held up as a good example33. 交流经验/知识：share experience/ideas/problems/knowledge34. 发挥/起到重要作用：play an （important/active/great）role/part35. 逃学/缺课：skip school/a class/a meeting/a lecture36. 知识/经验丰富：rich in knowledge/experience37. 确立/追求目标：set/pursue a goal/higher standard38. 到达目标：achieve/accomplish/stain the goal/aim/object39. 克服困难：overcome obstacles/difficulty40. 面临危险/困难：be confronted/faced with/in the face of danger/difficulty41. 阻碍了成功：stand in the way of success，be an obstacle（障碍）/barrier to success/ growth42. 阻碍了发展：hamper/impede/stunt the development of43. 持传统的看法：hold conventional wisdom44. 发表看法：voice/express one’s opinion45. 持相反/合理的观点：take the opposite/fresh view46. 揭穿某种一贯的说法：shatter the myth of47. 求得帮助：enlist one’s support/help48. 缩小差别：bridge/narrow/fell the gap/gulf（between city and country）49. 把成功/错误归咎于：attribute/own the success/failure to50. 对……重要：be indispensable/important/vital to经典的替换词：1.individuals,characters, folks代替(people ,persons)2 : positive, favorable, rosy(美好的)，promising(有希望的)，perfect, pleasurable , excellent, outstanding代替good3:dreadful, unfavorable, poor, adverse(有害的)代替bad如果bad做表语，可以有be less impressive代替4.(an army of, an ocean of, a sea of, a multitude of ,many, if not most)代替many.注：用many, if not most 一定要小心，many后一定要有词。
可以相互替代的词汇
可以相互替代的词汇1 all the time--continually不断的；不停的, continuously, 连续的constantly始终如一地, perpetually永久的，2 a lot是副词短语，可以修饰动词，如increase a lot 可以被其他词代替，如increase noticeably （noticeably显而易见地；明显地），increase considerably/ substantially3 a lot of--many, numerous, a wide variety of多种的, a whole range(幅度；范围) of ,a wide spectrum(范围) of (problems, themes, etc), an abundance(大量) of (opportunities机遇, sources 原因、出处、来源，.)3 always—invariably（一律地；总是，始终）4amount--quantity5 as a result—consequently，therefore, thereby6basically—essentially(基本上，本质上), in essence(本质上，基本上，根本上), substantially大体上地，基本上地7 become smaller --be on the decrease /decline在减少中,decrease(既做动词又可做名词), decline(既做动词又可做名词), diminish（动词）减少，减小8 become worse—deteriorate 恶化，不断变坏9begin--commence开始commence learning English开始学英语10 better--superior(级别、地位)较高的; (品质、程度)优良的, 较好的11 be(come) used to --be(come) accustomed to12 big--major, significant, substantial13 be able to do—be capable of doing 能够; 有做...的机会14 carry out/conduct/ execute a plan, an order, or a course of action执行；实施, commit(mistake, crime, or immoral act)犯（错，罪）；干（坏事）, implement贯彻，实行，履行（决定、计划、协议等14 change—alter(改变，词性为动词) ,alteration （变更，改变）, modify修改modify her views, modification14do--conduct, transact(business) 办理，处理（业务）15 do not--fail to, omit to忘记做16 end—conclusion (to bring sth. to a conclusion)17enough--ample足够的, sufficient, adequate(grounds理由, evidence, preparation, resources etc) everywhere--ubiquitous普遍存在的；无所不在的(mistakes), pervasive (influence) 尤指讨厌的影响或身体感受）弥漫性的18 fairly相当地--comparatively比较地,相当地, moderately相当；还，尚moderately successful.相当成功。
生物专业英语词汇必备汇总
生物专业英语词汇—词素（词根）部分一、表示数量的词素1. haplo,mono,uni 单，一，独haploid 单倍体monoxide一氧化碳monoatomic单原子的2. bi,di,dipl,twi,du：二，双，两，偶biocolor 双色,dichromatic 双色的, diplobacillus 双杆菌dikaryon 双核体twin 孪生dual 双重的3. tri 三，丙Triple 三倍的triangle三角triacylglycerol三酰甘油tricarboxylic acid cycle 三羧酸循环4. quadri,quadru,quart,tetr,tetra：四Quadruple 四倍的quadrilateral四边的quadrivalent四价的quadruped四足动物tetrode四极管tetracycline四环素5. pent, penta, quique五pentose戊糖pentagon五角形pentane戊烷quintuple 五倍的pentose戊糖pentomer五邻粒6. hex,hexa,sex 六hexose已糖hexapod六足动物hexapoda昆虫纲hexamer六聚体7. hepta,sept(i) 七heptane 庚烷heptose 庚糖heptoglobin七珠蛋白8. oct八octpus 章鱼octagon八角形octane 辛烷octase 辛糖9. enne, nona九nonapeptide 九肽enneahedron 九面体10. deca, deka :十decapod 十足目动物decahedron 十面体decagram 十克11. hecto, 百hectometer百米hectoliter百升hectowatt 百瓦12. kilo,千kilodalton (KD) 千道尔顿kilobase 千碱基kiloelectron volt 千电子伏特13. deci,十分之一，分decimeter 分米decigram 十分之一克14. centi,百分之一15. milli,千分之一，毫millimole 毫摩（尔）milliliter 毫升16. micro,百万分之一，微，微小，微量microgram微克microogranism微生物microecology微生态学micropipet微量移液器17. nano十亿分之一，毫微，纳nanosecond十亿分之一秒nanometer纳米18. demi,hemi,semi半hemicerebrum 大脑半球[hemi'seribrəm] semiopaque半透明：['semiəu'peik] semi-allel半等位基因semi-conductor半导体19. holo 全，整体，完全holoenzyme 全酶holoprotein全蛋白holocrine全（质分）泌20. mega巨大，兆，百万megaspore大孢子，['megəspɔ:] megabasse兆碱基megakaryocyte巨核细胞megavolt兆伏megalopolitan特大城市[.megə'lɔpəlis] 21. macro 大，巨大，多macrophage巨噬细胞macrogamete大配子macroelement常量元素macromolecular大分子22. poly,multi,mult 多，复合polyacrylate聚丙烯酸酯polymerase 聚合酶multichain多链的multinucleate 多核的multicistronic mRNA多顺反子mRNA multicopy多拷贝二、表示颜色的词素1. chrom颜色chromophore生色团['krəuməfɔ:] chromosome染色体chromatography色谱法[krəumə'tɔgrəfi] 2. melan,melano,nigr 黑melanoma黑素瘤melanin黑色素melanophore黑色素细胞3. xantho,flavo,fla,flavi,lute黄xanthophyl叶黄素xanthous黄色的，黄色人种xathine黄嘌呤flavin(e)黄素flavone黄酮letein黄体素，叶黄素flavin adenine dinucleotide(FAD)黄素腺嘌呤二核苷酸4. erythro, rub, rubrm, ruf,红erythrocyte红细胞[i'riθrə.sait] erythromycin红霉素erythropoitin(EPO)促红细胞生成素5. chloro,chlor绿，氯chlorophyll叶绿素['klɔrəfil]chloride氯化物chloramphenicol氯霉素6. cyan,cyano 蓝，青紫色，氰cyanophyceae 蓝藻纲cyanobacteria蓝细菌cyanide氰化物7 aur, glid, chrys金色aureomycin金霉素chrysose 金藻淀粉chrysanthemum菊花glidstone 金沙石glid 镀金8 leu,leuco,leuk,leuko,blan,alb无色，白色leucine亮氨酸leukaemia=leucosis白血病bleaching powder漂白粉albomycin白霉素三、表示摄食的词素1 -vore 食......动物，-vorous食......动物的algivore食藻动物carnivore 食肉动物herbivore 食草动物omnivore 杂食动物2-phage吃（食）食......生物（体）-phagous吃（食）......的phage噬菌体phagocyte 吞噬细胞zoophage食肉动物saprophage腐食者四、表示方位和程度的词素1 endo,ento,内，在内endocrine内分泌endocytosis胞吞作用endogamy近亲繁殖endolysin内溶素entoderm内胚层2 ec, ect, exc, extra 外，外面，表面ectoblast外胚层ectoparasite 外寄生生物extract 抽取，浸出3 meso 中，中间mesosphere 中圈，中层mesoplast 中胚层质4 intra,intro,inter 在内，向内intra-allelic interaction 等位基因内相互作用intracellular（细）胞内的interurban城市之间5 centri,centro,medi,mid 中心，中央，中间centrifuge离心centriole 中心粒centrosome 中心体centrogeng着丝基因6 epi,peri 上，外，旁epidermal growth factor(EGF): 表皮生长因子epibranchial上鳃的perilune近月点7 sub,suc,suf,sug 下，低，小suborder 亚目submucosa粘膜下层subclone亚克隆subcellular亚细胞subsection小节，分部8 super,supra 上，高，超superconductor超导体superfluid 超流体superoxide 超氧化物supramolecular超分子的9 hyper 超过，过多hypersensitive 过敏的hyperelastic 超弹性的[haipəri'læstik]hypertension 高血压hyperploid 超倍体10 hypo下，低，次hypoglycaemia 低血糖hypotension低血压hypophysis脑下垂体[haiˈpɔfisis]11 iso 等，相同，同iso-osmotic等渗的isopod等足目动物isotope同位素12 oligo，olig少，低，寡，狭oligohaline 狭盐性oligogene寡基因oligomer寡聚体oligophagous寡食性oligarchy寡头政治13 eury 多，宽，广eurythermal 广温的euryhaline广盐性eurytopic species广幅种14 ultr 超ultra-acoustics 超声学ultra-structure超微结构ultroviolet紫外线15 infra 下，低，远infralittoral 潮下带，远岸的infrahuman类人生物infrared红外线的infrastructure基础结构，基本结构五、表示动物不同器官和组织的词素1 cephal,capit,cran 头，头颅2 cyte 细胞3 carn,my,mya,myo,肉，肌肉4 haem,haemat,hem,aem,sangul 血5 soma,corp 体，身体6 some,plast 体，颗粒7 hepa,hepat 肝heparin 肝素hepatopancreas肝胰腺hepatocyte 肝细胞hepatoma肝癌8 ren,nephr 肾adrenal肾上腺的nephridia肾管nephron肾单位9 card,cord 心cardiotoxin 心脏毒素cardiovascular center 心血管中枢electrocardiogram心电图concord一致，和谐10 ophthalm,ocell,ocul 眼ophthalmology眼科学ophthalmia眼炎ophthalmologist眼科专家11 branchi 鳃filibranch丝鳃lamellibrnch瓣鳃sencondary branchium次生鳃12 brac ,brachi 腕，手臂brachiolaria 短腕幼虫brachionectin臂粘连蛋白bracelet手镯13 dent,odont 牙齿dentin牙质odontphora 齿舌odontoblast成牙质细胞14 plum羽plumatus 羽状的plumule绒毛plumage （鸟的）羽毛15 foli, foil 叶follicle滤泡foiling叶形foliage 叶子foliose 多叶的常用的后缀后缀在缀合法中只起改变词性的作用，不改变词根的含意，这在第一章内已叙述。
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表示很多
用法： [例句] Nowadays technology has simplified the procedure of a large number of tasks and operations. [对应话题] Technology has made children less creative than they were in the past.
表示相同的
用法： [例句] As people all over a country all have the identical culture atmosphere, they share the same way of how to look at something and evaluate something. [对应话题] People can benefit more from travelling in their own country than travelling in foreign countries.
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练习： 就个人而言，我坚持这样一个观点，在许多的 家庭中，那就是烹饪变成了一种遗失的艺术。 总的来说，尽管大学需要大量的预算来建校园， 图书馆，实验室，大量的社会机构也能够为大 学筹款。
表示很少
重点单词和搭配： 单词：very little/ very few/ so little/ so few/ a small quantity of 词汇讲解： little指的是几乎没有，接不可数名词，而a little表示有一点儿的意思。few有类似用法
表示导致产生
用法： [例句] Therefore, better environment will lead to a profound effect on the development of our country. [对应话题] Improving schools is the most factor in successful development of country.
表示转折
用法： [例句] However, even though parents can help children get through the temporary situations at present, children still have to meet more challenging task in the future study and work. [对应话题] Parents should allow children to make their own choices rather than determine their children’s future for them.
表示让步
用法： [例句] However, we should concede that despite the fact that there are many merits for children not to study art or music, overextended highlighting its good aspects will be indeed counterproductive, even harmful. [对应话题] Younger school children (ages five to ten) should be required to study art and music in addition to math, science, history and language.
表示导致产生
练习： 更糟糕的是，给孩子们钱会导致家庭的不和睦。 另外，一些国家话费大量的金钱在保护国家的 传统艺术上，它造成了严重的经济负担。 同样，在很大程度上来说，屏幕上的完美的视 觉效果能够提高电视的收视率。
Байду номын сангаас
表示转折
重点单词和搭配： 单词：however/ but/yet/nonetheless/nevertheless 词汇讲解： however:意为“可是，然而，尽管”，较 but 的 意味弱，通常用作连接性状语。其位置可以在 句首，句末或插入句中。当其被用来对照两个 分句时，中间需要有一个逗号；当它被用作句 子的插入语时，则前后应各有一个逗号。
表示让步
练习： 总的来说，尽管现代社会存在很多的冷漠，我 们应该在邻居间提高交流因为我们可以从中获 得很多好处。
第二类:事物数量
表示很多
重点单词和搭配： 单词：a large/significant/vast number of/numerous/ a great/significant deal (amount) of/plenty of 词汇讲解： a large/significant/vast number of/numerous 接可数名词，表示很多个，a great/significant deal (amount) of/plenty of接不可数名词，表 示很多，大量
表示由于：
由于面临来自于工作的压力年轻人很少有时间 能够回家来和父母交流。一些人仅仅知识给足 够的钱而几乎不沟通。
在过去的几十年间，因为全球化，我们已经看 到了明显的改变。
表示因此
重点单词和搭配： 单词：therefore/ hence/ thus/ as a consequence/ as a result, consequently/ so that 词汇讲解： therefore表示因此，可用在句首和句中都可以
表示各种各样
用法： [例句] Moreover, for some people whose majors are general sciences, such as chemistry, physics and so forth, which means it is hard for them to select a clear-cut career, trying diverse jobs is not a rational option as well. [对应话题] Young people should try several different jobs before they take a long term career.
表示因此
练习： 因此，从很小的时候开始，基本的审美知识对 于每一个人来说都是应该学的 因此，父母应该理解这并且让他的孩子学习他 们感兴趣的东西。 现代生活越来越复杂，因此，对于年轻人来说， 掌握计划和组织的能力是必须的。
表示导致产生
重点单词和搭配： 单词：lead to/ result in/ be responsible for/ give rise to/ cause/ generate 词汇讲解： lead to:这个短语有两种解释，一是“通往、通 向”：The path led to that village.第二种解释 是“导致”：The leadership of my college closes their eyes to waste of water and electricity, leading the resources shortage.
表示充足的
练习： 来自于报纸上的评论更加全面和有见解，可以 更好理解。除非电视上，网络上的直播有充足 的时间写出高质量的评论。
表示不足的
表示因此
用法： [例句] Therefore, young people should experience a variety of jobs to identify the job that most suits them. [对应话题] Young people should take different kinds of jobs before they take a career in a long term.
用法： [例句] We human being all are equal since we were born and no doubt we share all the same rights and treatment with adequate dignity. [对应话题] One should never judge a person by external appearances.
表示由于
用法： [例句] However, due to the stress from work, they can eat some extracted nutrition pills to make up for losses of not cooking food. [对应话题] People will spend less time on cooking food.
表示很少
用法： [例句] Once beyond a certain threshold, money has little or no effect on happiness. Many wealthy people have experienced this and are not happier any more In fact, some wealthy people are completely unhappy.
表示转折
练习： 然而，父母和教育专家们关于目标在年轻人的 电视广告是否允许有不同的看法。 然而，其它的社会机构和大公司应该通过捐钱 给大学来承担起回馈社会的责任。