语法复习--特殊句式(主谓一致)

一、语法一致

1.不可数名词、不定式（短语）、动名词（短语）或名词性从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数。如：

Knowledge is power.知识就是力量。

Playing with fire is dangerous.玩火很危险。

To see is to believe.眼见为实。

Whether they will hold a party or not has not been decided．他们还没有决定是否举行晚会。

When and where to build the factory is not decided yet.何时何地建厂还未定下来。

2.由and 连接两个单数名词作主语，谓语通常用复数。如：

Tom and Mary have been married for ten years.汤姆和玛丽结婚10年了。

The bread and the butter taste good.奶油和面包很好吃。

注意事项：

（1）当and连接的两个名词指同一个人，同一物，同一事，同一概念时，谓语用第三人称单数形式（这时应注意冠词的用法：后一个名词前无冠词）。

The poet and writer has gone to Beijing 那位诗人兼作家去北京了。

There is a knife and fork on the table.桌上有一副刀叉。

Here is a needle and thread for you.这是给你的针线。

Bread and butter tastes good.奶油面包很好吃。

Time and tide waits for no man.岁月不待人。

（2）and所连接的连个名词前分别有every, each, no, many a等修饰时，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。如：

Every boy and every girl likes to go swimming. 每个男孩和每个女孩都喜欢去游泳。

No teacher and no student was absent from the meeting. 没有老师也没有学生开会缺席。

Each teacher and(each)student was given a book．每一位教师和学生都得到了一本书。

Many a teacher and many a student has spoken at the meeting. 在会上，很多老师和学生发了言。

（3）在某些谚语中，由and连接的两个并列主语表示同一概念时，谓语动词一般用单数。如：

All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy.只工作不玩耍，聪明孩子也会傻。

Early to bed and early to rise makes a man healthy, wealthy and wise. 早睡早起使人健康、富裕又聪明。

3.当主语后面跟有with, together with, along with, accompanied by, like, except, but, besides, no less than, as well as, including, in addition to, rather than 等词引起的短语时，谓语动词与前面的主语一致。如：

The teacher, together with his students is watching TV. 老师和学生们正在看电视。

The girls as well as the teacher are dancing.女生和那位老师在跳舞。

Nobody but Tom and Jack knows the secret.除了汤姆和杰克没人知道这个秘密。

4.不定代词either, each, one, another, anyone, anybody, no one, nobody, some one,

somebody, anything, nothing, something, everything, everyone, everybody, neither等作主语时，谓语用单数。如：

Somebody is asking for you. 有人在找你。

Everyone is here. 大家都来了。

There is something wrong with my bike. 没有的自行车有点毛病。

注意事项：

（1）each本身作主语时，谓语动词用单数，但each作主语的同位语时，谓语动词则用复数。如：

Each of them has a dictionary.他们每人有本词典。

They each have a dictionary. 他们每人有本词典。

（2）当none of后面接的是可数名词时，谓语动词用单复数都可以；如接的是不可数名词，就只能用单数形式。如：

None of us are (is) perfect. 人无完人。

None of the money was paid to me.连一分钱也没有付给我。

（3）all作主语，指人时，谓语用复数；指物时，谓语用单数。如：

All have gone home. 大家都走了。

All that glitters is not gold. 发亮的不一定都是金子。

5. “many a (an) +名词”和“more than one +名词”做主语，谓语用单数。

Many a student is interested in English grammar. 很多学生对英语语法感兴趣。

More than one person was involved in the case.不止一人卷入这个案子。

6.在四则运算中谓语单复数均可（常用单数）。

Three and four is (are) seven. 3加4等于7.

Two times ten is (are) twenty.2乘10等于20.

7.当kind of, type o f, sort of, pair of等做主语时，谓语与of 前的kind, pair, type等保持一致。如：

This pair of trousers was made by Master Li. 这条裤子是李师傅做的。

The kind of the apple tastes delicious.这种苹果很好吃。

Some kinds of bamboo grow very fast.有些种类的竹子生长的非常快。

注意事项：“名词+of this kind”结构作主语，谓语与其中的名词保持一致。如：

Apples of this kind are highly priced.这种苹果定价很高。

Men of this kind are dangerous.这种人很危险。

8.由“some of，plenty of，a lot of，lots of，most of，the rest of，all of，half of，part of 或分数、百分数+of+名词”等短语作主语时，谓语动词常与of后的名词保持数的一致。一般来说，如果of后面所接名词为复数形式，谓语动词为复数；如果of后面所接名词为单数形式或不可数名词，谓语就用单数形式。如：

The rest of the lecture is dull．讲座的其余部分是枯燥的。

The rest of the bicycles are on sale today．剩余的自行车今天出售。

Half of the apple is rotten．这个苹果的一半腐烂变质了。