《英译汉教程》(连淑能主编,高等教育出版社)-第10~12章【圣才出品】

第10章Division（拆译法）10.1 复习笔记In division, we have to determine where to divide, how to divide, what the subject or the predicate of the new clause or sentence should be, and how to rearrange various parts of the original sentence. These may involve such techniques as Conversion, Addition and Inversion.拆分时要注意以下问题：在哪里拆分，怎样拆分，新的从句或句子的主语、谓语分别是什么，以及如何重新组织这些部分。

这里涉及到的技巧有转换法、增补法和倒置法。

一、Picking Out of Words（拆译单词）It is advisable to pick out those words which are hard to reproduce in the original structure and expand them into Chinese word groups, clauses or sentences. There are usually three steps to deal with such words:翻译过程中，如果一个单词的意义很难用汉语在原有句法框架下表达出来，就可以把该单词抽取出来，并将其扩展为汉语词组、从句或句子。

具体操作步骤如下：1. Determine which word(s) to pick out;确定需要抽取出来的单词；2. Apply Conversion or Addition, if necessary, to make the translated version smooth and well-connected;必要时运用转换法或增补法，使译文流畅、通顺；3. Rearrange the word order according to the Chinese mode of expression.根据汉语表达习惯，重新组织语序。

二、Picking Out of Phrases（拆译短语）Participial phrases, noun phrases, and prepositional phrases, etc., if hard to reproduce in the original structure, may likewise be picked out and expanded.如果分词短语、名词短语、介词短语等难以用汉语在原有句法框架下表达出来，就把该短语抽取出来，并加以扩展。

E.g.We tried in vain to persuade him to give up his wrong belief.我们尽力劝说他放弃错误的信念，但没有成功。

三、Splitting of Complex Sentences（拆译复合句）A complex sentence, composed of two or more clauses, often expresses a series of logical propositions. In Chinese, however, such notions are preferably expressed in separate clauses or sentences, which are arranged in a certain order.英语中的复合句往往由两个或多个从句组成，表达一系列逻辑命题。

汉语则往往通过顺次排列的多个独立的句子来表达相应的概念。

Moreover, one clause may govern or modify another, rendering the sentence long and complex. However, such sentence hardly exist in Chinese, so English complex sentences are often split up in translation.在英语的复合句中，一个从句可以修饰或主导其他从句，这就形成了复杂的句子结构。

而在汉语中，这种复合句很少存在。

因此，在翻译复合句时，要将其拆分为若干个词组、从句或句子。

1. Separate the Adjective Clause from the Main Clause（拆译定语从句）English adjective classes may be translated into separate clauses or sentence, or subordinate clauses which function as adverbials denoting reason, result, purpose, condition, concession, etc.可以将定语从句译为若干个独立的句子，也可以译为从属的从句，如表示原因、目的、结果、状态、让步等的状语从句。

(1) Translate adjective clauses into separate clauses or sentences.（将定语从句译为独立或句子）(2) Translate adjective clauses into Chinese subordinate (adverbial) clauses.（将定语从句译为从属的从句）(3) Translate adjective clauses into Chinese word-groups.（将定语从句译为词组）E.g.About one hundred elements, two thirds of which are metals, have been found.已经发现100种元素，其中三分之二是金属。

2. Separate Other Clauses from the Main Clause（拆译主句或其他从句）Inversion often requires division. We may separate other clauses from the main clause and rearrange the word order, rendering the main clause or the subordinate clause into Chinese independent element or extra-position element.倒置往往离不开拆分。

我们可以从句子主干中分离出从句，并重新安排语序，进而用汉语的独立成分和外位成分分别替代原文的主句和从句。

四、Splitting of the Whole Sentence（拆译整个句子）Division is often needed to translate colloquial expressions, complex and long sentences. It should be noted that shorter expressions or sentences are generally preferred in Chinese.在翻译口语表达或长句、复合句时，往往要用到拆分法。

翻译时需注意，为符合汉语习惯，译文应尽量简洁。

E.g.I put on my clothes by the light of a half-moon just setting, where rays streamed through narrow window near my bed.半轮残月渐渐西坠，月光透过床旁边的一扇狭窄的窗子照射进来，我趁着月光穿上衣服。

10.2 课后习题详解10.1 Picking Out of Words（拆译单词）Drills 10.1Translate the following, picking out the words underlined and expanding them into Chinese word-groups, clauses or sentences as hinted in the brackets:15. It was a dangerously foolish area to which they pinned down a major portion of U. S. military power. (co-ordinate)【答案】他们把美国一大部分军事力量困在那个地区，这（样做）是愚蠢而危险的。

16. Hitler’s black empire would suddenly collapse in rubble, blood, and flame. (Winds of War) (result)【答案】希特勒的黑暗帝国顷刻之间就会在血泊与烈火中崩溃，夷为废墟。

17. I stated that his demarche cannot safely be regarded as mere bluff. (conclusion) 【答案】我说过，把他的外交步骤看作仅仅是恫吓，那决不是万全之策。

18. Few could honestly argue that they started the war. (main clause)【答案】如果有人声言是他们发动了战争，这种话很少有可能是真正出自内心的。

19. They tried vainly to blame us for the break down in the truce talks. (co-ordinate) 【答案】他们企图把停战谈判的破裂归罪于我们，但却是徒劳的。

20. She was pardonably proud of her wonderful cooking. (co-ordinate)【答案】她以自己高超的烹饪术而得意，这是可以原谅的。

21. You cannot legally conclude a peace treaty with that country alone. (co-ordinate)【答案】单单同该国缔结和约，这是不合法的。

22. They properly have to be very factual. (co-ordinate)【答案】他们不能不实事求是，这才是恰当的（按理说也是应该这样做的）。