视听口译第六讲

• Congress made public a survey of human rights in 105 countries that receive US aid. • 笔译： 国会公布了接受美国援助的105个国 家的人权情况调查报告。 • 视译：国会公布了105个国家的人权状况， 这些国家接受美国的援助。
• Thousands of red, beautiful roses that blossom almost at the same time make the park the great resort of people in spring. • 笔译：差不多同时开放的几千朵美丽红玫 瑰，在春季里吸引了许多常到公园里来。
• Despite the opposition of those who feared the railroads, construction went on. In sections of the country where canals could not be built, the railroad offered a means of cheap transportation for all kinds of commodities. In contrast to the municipality that wished to exclude the railroad, many cities and towns, as well as their state governments, did much to encourage railroad construction. And the federal government provided tariff exemptions on railroad iron.7
• As you may well know, Mr. President, 'railroad' carriages are pulled at the enormous speed of 15 miles per hour by 'engines' which, in addition to endangering life and limb of passengers, roar and snort their way through the countryside, setting fire to crops, scaring the livestock and frightening women and children. The Almighty6 certainly never intended that people should travel at such breakneck speed.
• 视译：几千朵美丽的红玫瑰，差不多同时 开放，使公园成为春季吸引游人的好地方。
The Iron Horse
• Despite the clear-cut technological advantages, the railroad didn‘t become the primary means of transportation for nearly 20 years after the first pioneering American railroads were introduced in the early 1830s. Besides the stiff competition of water transport1, an important hindrance to railroad development was public antipathy, which had its roots in ignorance, conservatism, and vested interest2（既得利益）. People thought that speeds of 20 to 30 miles per hour would be physically harmful to passengers. Many honestly believed that the railroad would prove to be impractical and uneconomical and would not provide service as dependable as that of the waterways.
• 笔译：我姐夫富有感染力的笑声打破了沉 默。 • 视译：我姐夫的笑声富有感染力，它打破cussion springs up between a young girl who insists that women have outgrown the jumpingon-the-chair at-the-sight-of-a-mouse era, and a colonel who says that they haven’t. • 笔译：一位年轻女士和一位上校展开了一场热烈的 争论。女士坚持妇女已经不再看到老鼠就吓得跳上 椅子，那种时代早就过去了；上校则认为没有过去。 （陈文伯译） • 视译：一场热烈的争论开始了。一方是一位年轻的 女士，她坚持认为妇女已经不再一见到老鼠就跳到 椅子上，那个时代已经过去了；另一方是一位上校， 他认为那种时代没有过去。
视听口译第六讲
定语从句的视译
• “英语的定语既可以前置，也可以后置，但汉 语的定语只能前置。”（华先发，2004） • 定语从句是英语定语的常用形式，其位置是在 中心词的后面，英语的定语从句有限制性和非 限制性。汉语没有类似的定语从句成分，只有 前置性限定性定语。 • 笔译的时候，限制性定语从句往往需要大幅度 调整位置。 • 视译的时候，无论是限制性定语从句还是非限 制性定语从句都要单独译出。
• That those who had learnt from us now excelled us was a real challenge.
• 笔译：向我们学习的人反倒超过了我们， 这的确对我们是个挑战。 • 视译：那些曾经向我们学习的人，却超过 了我们，这的确是个挑战。
• My brother –in-law ‘s laugh, which was very infectious, broke the silence.
• These sentiments, however amusing today, were seriously espoused by national leaders, as seen in this 1829 letter from Martin Van Buren5, then governor of New York, to President Andrew Jackson: • To: President Jackson • The canal system of this country is being threatened by the spread of a new form of transportation known as 'railroads.' The federal government must preserve the canals for the following reasons:
• One. If canal boats are supplanted by 'railroads,' serious unemployment will result. Captains, cooks, drivers, hostlers, repairmen and lock tenders will be left without means of livelihood, not to mention the numerous farmers now employed in growing hay for horses. • Two. Boat builders would suffer and towline, whip and harness makers would be left destitute. • Three. Canal boats are absolutely essential to the defense of the United States. In the event of the expected trouble with England, the Erie Canal would be the only means by which we could ever move the supplies so vital to waging modern war.
• Unsurprisingly, the most vigorous opposition to railroads came from groups whose economic interests suffered from the competition of the new industry. Millions of dollars had been spent on canals, rivers, highways, and plank roads, and thousands of people depended on these transportation enterprises for their livelihood. Tavern keepers feared their businesses would be ruined, and farmers envisioned the market for hay and grain disappearing as the "iron horse" replaced the flesh-and-blood animal that drew canal boats and pulled wagons.3 Competitive interests joined to embarrass and hinder the railroads, causing several states to limit traffic on them to passengers and their baggage or to freight hauled only during the months when canal operations ceased.4 One railroad company in Ohio was required to pay for any loss in canal traffic attributed to railroad competition. Other railroads were ordered to pay a tonnage tax to support the operation of canals.