2018年军队院校生长军官招生 士兵高中综合试题(含答案)
2018年军考解放军大专学历士兵考军校真题试卷-科学知识综合
◎
第 328页 共 424 页
…………○…………外…………○…………装…………○…………订…………○…………线…………○………… 单位:___________ 姓名：________ 考号：________
…………○…………内…………○…………装…………○…………订…………○…………线…………○…………
…………○…………外…………○…………装…………○…………订…………○…………线…………○………… 单位:___________ 姓名：________ 考号：________
…………○…………内…………○…………装…………○…………订…………○…………线…………○…………
二○一八年军队院校生长军官招生文化科目统一考试
排针状负极和环形正极之间加上直流高压电，电压为 5000V，使空气发生电离，从而产生负离了 O3 排出，使空
气清新化，针状负极与环形正极间距为 5mm，且极板间视为匀强电场，电场强度大小 E
V/m．
B．水溶液： Na 、 Ba 2 、 Cl 、 NO3
C．水溶液：
K
、
NH
4
、
OH
、
SO
2 4
二．填空题（每空 3 分，共 15 分）
19．运动员从 1.25m 高处平抛一个质量为 0.5kg 的铅球，水平飞行了 5m 落地．运动员对铅球做的功为 J；铅
球下落过程中重力所做的功为
J．（g 取 10m/s2）
20．如图 2 所示，一根不可伸长的绝缘细线，一端固定在 O 点，另一端拴一个质量为 m 电荷量为 q 的带负电小球，
35．1948 年底，著名的建筑大师梁思成先生曾写信给中共中央，提出要尽可能地保护中华民族珍贵的历史文化遗 46．人们常说地球表面是“三分陆地，七分海洋”。在海洋中，世界第一大洋是
2018士兵提干考试基本常识配套练习17解析
2018士兵提干考试基本常识配套练习17解析关键词：士兵提干基本常识张为臻大学生士兵配套习题1.D。
【准维解析】1972年，尼克松访华，之后发表《中美联合公报》。
美国在三个联合公报中均强调坚持一个中国原则，这是中美两国关于两国关系以及我国台湾问题的重要历史文件。
坚持一个中国政策和中美三个联合公报的原则是中美关系健康发展的政治基础。
1975年12月，福特访华。
1979年，邓小平访美。
因此，本题选择D选项。
2.A。
【准维解析】粗放型经济增长方式片面追求社会生产总量的增长,突出产值的增长速度，主要依靠生产要素的扩张,增加人财物的投入，靠铺新摊子,上新项目,扩大投资规模，表现为经济周期性波动地增长。
集约型经济增长方式强调提高经济增长的质量和效率，主要依靠科技进步和提高劳动者素质,提高生产的效率，靠充分利用现有基础,着重于更新,改造和挖潜，表现为经济持续、快速、健康地发展。
因此，本题选择A选项。
3.A。
【准维解析】粗放型经济增长方式是指主要依靠增加生产要素的投入，即增加投资、扩大厂房、增加劳动投入，来增加产量，这种经济增长方式又称外延型增长方式。
缺点：消耗较高，成本较高，产品质量难以提高，经济效益较低。
我国的基本国情是人口基数巨大，人均资源占有量很低，环境承载的人口压力很大。
因此在现有情况下继续以粗放型经济增长方式发展，会面临资源耗竭、环境严重污染、人民生活水平难以提高等瓶颈。
因此我们应该逐步摆脱粗放型经济的模式，增强自主创新能力，走集约型增长的道路。
4.C。
【准维解析】习近平总书记说：“中国梦”归根到底是人民的梦。
他说，“实现中华民族伟大复兴的中国梦，就是要实现国家富强、民族振兴、人民幸福。
”“中国梦是民族的梦，也是每个中国人的梦。
”故选C。
5.A。
【准维解析】加快建设节约型社会总的要求是：以邓小平理论和“三个代表”重要思想为指导，认真落实科学发展观，走新型工业化道路，坚持资源开发与节约并重、把节约放在首位的方针，以节约使用资源和提高资源利用效率为核心，以节能、节水、节材、节地、资源综合利用和发展循环经济为重点，以改革开放和科技进步为动力，推动体制创新、机制创新、技术创新和管理创新，综合运用经济、法律、行政、科技和教育等多种手段，采取更加有力的措施全面节约资源，加快经济发展模式转变，建立节约型的生产模式、消费模式和城市建设模式，务求建设节约型社会尽快取得实质性进展和明显成效。
2018年军考(高中)士兵考军校物理考试真题答案
………○…………内…………○…………装…………○…………订…………○…………线…………○………
【物理答案与详解】
6．A
【详解】发生光电效应的条件是入射光的频率大于金属的极限频率，已知单色光的频率为 v ，金属 的逸出功为 W ，普朗克常数为 h ，光电子的最大初动能为 Ek ，则满足： Ek hv W ；故选 A。 二．填空题（每空 4 分，共 20 分）
7．0.02；远离
【详解】A、B 组成的系统动量守恒，以初速度方向为正方向，由动量守恒定律得：
此电压表的示数为 220V，故 A 错误；电流表的示数为 I= U = 220 =2.2A，故 B 正确；电热器的发 R 100
热功率为 P= U2 = 2202 =484W，故 C 错误；由 u=31lsin(100πt)V 知，ω=100πtrad/s，由 2f 得： R 100
f
2
=50Hz，故
D
错误；故选
B。
3．B
【详解】封闭的气体被推杆压缩过程中，由公式 U=W+Q 知，在瞬间，Q=0，W＞0，所以内能增
加，则温度升高，气体体积减小，压强增大；故选 B。
4．D
【详解】波长等于波速除以频率，故 A 错误；波长等于波速乘以周期，故 B 错误；在波的传播方
向上，两个相邻的处于波谷（波峰）的质点间的距离等于波长，故 C 错误，D 正确；故选 D。
电荷。
（2）粒子进入匀强磁场后,洛伦兹力提供粒子作圆周运动的向心力，有： qB m2 R
2018军考士兵考军校(高中)英语真题试卷答案与详解
二○一八年军队院校生长军官招生文化科目统一考试士兵高中英语真题与详解一．选择填空（共20分，每小题1分）1．——May I open the window to let in some fresh air?——_________.A．Come on B．Take care C．Go ahead D．Hold on2．In order to find better job,he decided to study second foreign language. A．the;a B．a;a C．the;the D．a;the3．He told us whether a picnic was still under discussion.A．to have B．having C．have D．had 4．Nowadays people are more concerned about the environment they live.A．what B．which C．when D．where 5．Hurry up,kids!The school bus for us!A．waits B．was waiting C．waited D．is waiting6．All visitors to this village with kindness.A．treat B．are treated C．are treating D．had been treated 7．Of the two coats.I’d choose the one to spare some money for a book. A．cheapest B．cheaper C．more expensive D．most expensive 8．I knew that would ever discourage him,he would never give up wanting to be a director. A．something B．anything C．everything D．nothing9．You will never gain success you are fully devoted to your work.A．when B．because C．after D．unless 10．You have to a choice.Are you going to leave the job or stay?A．decide B．get C．do D．makel1．Not until I came home last night to bed.A．Mum did go B．did Mum go C．went Mum D．Mum went 12．which university to attend,the girl asked her teacher for advice.A．Not knowing B．Knowing not C．Not known D．Known not 13．It is reported that two schools,are being built in my hometown,will open next year. A．they B．which C．both of them D．both of which 14．I haven’t seen Ann for long that I’ve forgotten what she looks like.A．such B．very C．so D．too15．——I feel so nervous about the National English Speech Competition tomorrow.——.A．I really envy you B．Glad to hear thatC．Sounds great D．Take it easy16．Every year,makes the most beautiful kite will win a prize in the Kite Festival.A．whatever B．whoever C．whomever D．whichever17．If I it with my own eyes,I wouldn’t have believed it.A．didn’t see B．weren’t seeing C．wouldn’t see D．hadn’t seen18．Always in mind that your main task is to get this company running smoothly.A．to keep B．to have kept C．keep D．have kept19．You and I could hardly work together because of differences in character,?A．could we B．couldn’t I C．couldn’t we D．could you20．I love the weekend,because I get up early on Saturdays and Sundays.A．needn’t B．mustn’t C．wouldn’t D．shouldn’t二．阅读理解（共40分，每小题2分）Passage1There are stock markets in large cities in many countries.Stock markets in Paris,London,Tokyo,Shanghai and New York are among the largest and most well-known.The stock market,also called stockexchange,is a place where people can buy or sell the shares of a factory or company.And each sharemeans part ownership of a factory or company.Different people go to the stock markets.Some are rich,who want to get more money than they have. Others are not very rich,who buy stocks to try to become rich.Still others buy stocks as part of their planto save money.Of course,investing money in the stock market is not the safest way to make money,No one can tellexactly whether the shares will be doing well.The factory or company may do badly.Then the stocks willgo down,and the investors will lose money.The stock may go up or down for a number of untold reasons.Everyone wants the stock to go up,but sometimes even if a factory or company does a good job,the stockmay still go down.No wonder going to the stock market is often compared to gambling.All are eager to make money by重庆师之航军考教育第423页◎第424页重庆师之航军考教育“gambling”in the stock market.Factories and companies that need money are pleased that so many people are willing to"gamble".Indeed,the stock market is an attractive and complex part of the business world. 21．The following people go to the stock market EXCEPT those who.A．want to become richer B．want to get rid of povertyC．want to save money D．want to find jobs22．Which of the following statements is true?A．A good investor can affect the change in stock prices.B．A good investor can tell exactly when the stock goes up or down.C．a good investor will sometimes lose money.D．A good investor knows how to choose a company which does a good job.23．In the passage the writer.A．encourages people to go to the stock marketB．assures people that buying stocks is a good inC．warns people to be careful in buying stockD．explains how stock goes up when factories or companies run well24．The word“complex”in the last sentence probably means.A．complete B．strange C．difficult D．modern25．The passage mainly tells us about.A．the ABCs of stock marketsB．gambling in stock marketC．how to make money in stock marketsD．how to buy or sell shares in stock marketsPassage2You wake up in the morning,the day is beautiful and the plans for the day are what you have been looking forward to for a long time.Then the telephone rings,your say hello,and the drama starts.The person on the other end has a depressing tone in his voice as he starts to tell you how terrible his morning is and that there is nothing to look forward to.Are you still in a wonderful mood?Impossible!Communicating with negative people can wash out your happiness.It may not change what you think, but communicating long enough with them will make you feel depressed for a moment or a long time.Life brings ups and downs,but some people are stuck in the wrong idea that life has no happiness to offer.They only feel glad when they make others feel bad.No wonder they can hardly win others pity or respect.When you communicate with positive people,your spirit stays happy and therefore more positive things are attracted.When the dagger of a negative person is put in you,you feel the heavy feeling that all in all brings you down.Sometimes we have no choice but to communicate with negative people.This could be a co-worker, or a relative.In this case,say what needs to be said as little as possible.Sometimes it feels good to let out your anger back to the negative person,but all this is to lower you to that same negative level and they won't feel ashamed of themselves about that.Negativity often affects happiness without even being realized.The negative words of another at the start of the day can cling to you throughout the rest of your day,which makes you feel bad and steals your happiness,Life is too short to feel negative.Stay positive and avoid negativity as much as possible. 26．The purpose of the first paragraph is to.A．make a comparison B．offer an evidenceC．introduce a topic D．describe a daily scene27．How can negative people have effect on us?A．By influencing our emotion.B．By telling us the nature of life.C．By changing our ways of thinking.D．By comparing their attitudes to life with ours28．Some negative people base their happiness on.A．other people's pity for them B．making other people unhappyC．building up a positive attitude D．other people's respect for them29．According to the passage,to reduce negative peoples influence on us,we are advised to. A．change negative people's attitudes to lifeB．show out dissatisfaction to negative peopleC．make negative people feel ashamed of themselvesD．communicate with negative people as little as possible30．What is the authors attitude towards negative people?A．Favorable B．Critical C．Indifferent D．SupportivePassage3I have been hearing-impaired（听力弱的）all my life.By the time I was five years old,putting on重庆师之航军考教育第425页◎第426页重庆师之航军考教育hearing aids in the morning was just as normal as brushing my teeth.However,I never believed that it should limit my success in any way.During my17years,I have met many people who don’t know about hearing disabilities and deal with this by stereotyping（对某人有成见）me.My classmates told me something was wrong my brain.My teachers would not let me sit past the second row because they worried I would not be able to hear.My “learning expert”tried to teach me sign language,though I had no need for it.People tend to speak louder than normal when they see my thick plastic hearing aids in my ears.Almost every month I hear someone say that hearing aids are for old people.However,my hearing disability has made me a stronger person.Because I wear hearing aids,I have to prove that I am not physically or mentally limited.I have to work harder and earn top grades in school to earn the respect of my teachers.In sports,I’ve had to score more points to prove I am not physically challenged.I still don't know a word of sign language,I consider myself no different from anyone else.I wear hearing aids,but I can hear without them.And I am not“half deaf”.With my hearing aids on,I can hear just as well as anyone else.I truly believe I would not be the strong and ambitious person I am today if I did not have a hearing disability.31．When I was very young,hearing aids.A．made my life difficult B．became a part of my lifeC．limited my success D．hurt my feelings32．Which of the following is NOT the stereotyped view?A．My classmates thought something went wrong with my brain.B．My teachers had me sit at the back of the classroom.C．People spoke louder than normal to me.D．Someone said hearing aids were for old people.33．Para.3shows that the effects of my hearing disability on me are. A．comforting B．encouraging C．troubling D．damaging34．According to Para.4,the writer doesn’t.A．think he or she is special B．like deaf peopleC．learn sign language well D．hear clearly with hearing aids35．How does the writer feel about the public's attitude toward hearing disabilities?A．The public is worried.B．The public is critical.C．The public is helpful.D．The public looks down upon people with hearing disabilities.Passage4Want to improve your writing skills?New Writing South is directing the way!●Towner Writer Squad（班组）for kids aged13-17Led by comedy and TV writer,Marian Kilpatrick,Towner Writer Squad will meet once a month at the contemporary art museum for11months,starting12October,2014.The FREE squad sessions will include introductions to a wide range of writing styles,from poetry to play writing and lyrics（抒情诗）to flash fiction,to support the development of young writers.Application&SelectionIf you would like to apply to be part of the Towner Writer Squad,please send a sample piece of your writing(about500words)responding to the title‘LUNCH’with your name,age,address and e-mail address to:debo@.Once all applications are in,you will be invited to an open selection event on17September,4-5pm, at the gallery of Towner.This will be an informal opportunity to meet the Squad Leader,Squad Associate and other young people.You will also have a chance to get to know the fantastic gallery space and get a taste of what’s to come.Deadline for applications:8September,2014For further information go to:/towner or or .Any questions-feel free to send your e-mail to Towner Writer Squad Associate:whame@.********·Beginner Writing Project for kids aged10-13Due to popular demand,a writing project will be started for eager beginners.Start time:6September,2014Meet every other Saturday,2-4pm,at the Towner Study Centre.Study and write at your own pace-you do not have to rush-as you have a year to go through the project.Practise under the guidance of some experienced writers and teachers who can help you with basic writing skills.Most importantly,build confidence and have fun while writing!No previous experience or special background is required.Many others have been successful this重庆师之航军考教育第427页◎第428页重庆师之航军考教育way.If they can do it,why can’t you?Fee:£179For more information go to: or .36．Towner Write Squad will be started.A．to train comedy and TV writersB．to explore the fantastic gallery spaceC．to introduce a contemporary art museumD．to promote the development of young writers.37．To join the Writer Squad,each applicant should first.A．provide a piece of their writing B．meet the Writer Squad LeaderC．offer their family information D．complete an application form 38．Applications for the Writer Squad should be e-mailed no later than.A．6September,2014B．8September,2014C．17September,2014D．12October,201439．What is most important for the beginners?A．Practising as much as possible.B．Gaining confidence and having fun.C．Studying and writing at their own pace.D．Learning skills from writers and teachers.40．More information about Beginner Writing Project can be found at. A．/towner B．C． D．三．完形填空（共15分，每小题1分）Overhead bridges can be seen in many parts of Singapore,in the place where traffic is very heavy and crossing the road is41.These bridges can make people42roads safely.Overhead bridges are used in very much the same way as zebra crossings.They are more efficient,43less convenient because people have to climb up a lot of steps.This is inconvenient to the old.When people44an overhead bridge,they do not hold up traffic.But when they cross a45road using a zebra crossing,traffic is held up.This is46the government has47 many overhead bridges to help people and48traffic moving at the same time.The government of Singapore has49a lot of money building these bridges.For their own safety, people should be given hope to use them50rushing across the road.Old people may little51 climbing up and down the steps,but it is still much safer than walking across the road52all the moving traffic.Overhead bridges are very useful.People,53old and young,should54use them.This will stop accidents55happening.41．A．noisy B．not safe C．crowded D．not busy42．A．cross B．crossing C．across D．through 43．A．though B．or C．if D．till44．A．pass B．use C．visit D．build45．A．wide B．narrow C．busy D．free46．A．what B．why C．when D．where47．A．made B．did C．built D．design48．A．see B．keep C．find D．feel49．A．used B．made C．spent D．borrowed50．A．full of B．fond of C．in spite of D．instead of 51．A．difficult B．different C．worried D．exited52．A．past B．along C．about D．with53．A．both B．either C．neither D．not54．A．almost B．always C．nearly D．hardly55．A．in B．at C．with D．from四．翻译（共15分，每小题3分）56．由于下大雨，到处都出现了交通阻塞。
2018年军考解放军武警士兵考军校数学考试真题(高中)
一．单项选择（每小题4分，共36分）1．设集合{}S =a b c d e ，，，，，则包含元素a b ，的S 的子集共有.A ．2个B ．3个C ．4个D ．8个2．下列函数中，满足“()()()f x y f x f y +=”的单调递增函数是.A ．()12f x x=B ．()3f x x=C ．()3xf x =D ．()12xf x ⎛⎫= ⎪⎝⎭3．设a b ，为正实数，则“1a >b >”是“22log log 0a >b >”的.A ．充要条件B ．充分不必要条件C ．必要不充分条件D ．既不充分也不必要条件4．若00a >b >，，且函数()32422f x x ax bx =--+在1x =处有极值，则ab 的最大值等于.A ．9B ．6C ．3D ．25．直线l 经过椭圆的一个顶点和一个焦点，若椭圆中心到l 的距离为其短轴长的14，则该椭圆的离心率为.A ．13B ．12C ．23D ．346．记n S 为等差数列{}n a 的前n 项和.若45624,48a a S +==，则{}n a 的公差为.A ．1B ．2C ．4D ．87．在一个袋子中装有分别标注数字1，2，3，4，5的五个小球，这些小球除标注的数字外完全相同.现从中随机取出2个小球，则取出的小球标注的数字之和是3或6的概率是.A ．15B ．310C ．110D ．1128．若直线//a 平面α，直线//b 平面α，则a 与b 的位置关系是.A ．平行B ．相交C ．异面D ．以上都有可能9．已知直线1y kx =+与曲线3y x +ax+b =切于点（1，3），则b 的值为.A.3 B.-3 C.5D.-5二．填空题（每小题4分，共32分）10．设,a b r r 的夹角为120°，1,3a b ==rr ，则3a b -r r =.11．设θ为第二象限的角，若1tan 42πθ⎛⎫+= ⎪⎝⎭，则sin cos θθ+=.12．若双曲线()2222:10,0x y C a b a b-=>>的一条渐近线被圆()2224x y -+=所截得的弦长为2，则C的离心率为.13．若曲线2=2y x 的一条切线l 与直线480x y +-=垂直，则切线l 的方程为.14．若()2*312nx n N x ⎛⎫-∈ ⎪⎝⎭展开式中含有常数项，则n 的最小值是.15．有3位司机和6位售票员分配到3辆公共汽车上工作，每一辆汽车分别有一位司机和两位售员，那么所有不同的分配方法有种.16．在极坐标系中，点2,6π⎛⎫⎪⎝⎭到直线sin 2ρθ=的距离等于.17．若复数()()13mi i ++（i 是虚数单位，m 是实数）是纯虚数，则复数21m ii+-的模等于.三．解答题（共7小题，共82分，解答应写出文字说明，演算步骤或证明过程）18．（8分）已知()22f x x bx c =++，不等式()0f x <的解集是（0，5）.（1）求()f x 的解析式；（2）对于任意[11]x ∈-，，不等式()t 2f x +≤恒成立，求t 的范围。
2018年军考解放军武警士兵考军校化学考试真题(高中)
相对原子质量：H ：1C ：12N ：14O ：16F ：19Na ：23Cl ：35.5Mn ：55Fe ：56一．单项选择（每小题3分，共18分）1．3HNO 属于。
①酸②氢化物③氧化物④含氧酸⑤难挥发性酸⑥强氧化性酸⑦一元酸⑧化合物⑨混合物A ．①⑨B ．①④⑤⑥⑦C ．①④⑥⑦⑧D ．①②③④⑤⑥⑦⑨2．下列说法中，正确的是。
A ．1mol 任何气体的体积都约为22.4LB ．标准状况下，含有236.0210⨯个原子的气体的体积都约为22.4LC ．常温常压下，2g 氢气所含有的分子数约为236.0210⨯个D ．标准状况下，1mol 水所占有的体积约为22.4L3．下列离子或分子在水溶液中能大量共存，且通入2CO 气体仍能大量共存的一组是。
A ．+2+--3K Ca Cl NO 、、、B ．++23K Na Br SiO --、、、C ．+2+242H Fe SO Cl -、、、D ．++323K Ag NH H O NO-⋅、、、4．反应()()()()43322NH HCO NH g +CO g +H O g s ∆在某一温度下达到化学平衡，下列各种情况不能使平衡发生移动的是。
①移走一部分43NH HCO 固体②其它条件不变，通入HCl 气体③其它条件不变，通入2CO 气体④容器体积不变，充入氮气A ．①和②B ．①和③C．②和④D ．①和④5．胶体区别于其他分散系的本质特征是。
A ．胶体粒子都带电B ．胶体在加热时都能产生聚沉C ．胶体粒子做布朗运动D ．胶体粒子直径在1nm~100nm 之间6．空气是人类生存所必需的物质，为改善空气质量而发起的“蓝天保卫战”得到全社会的支持。
下列措施不利于“蓝天保卫战”取得胜利的是。
A ．推广使用燃煤脱硫技术，防治2SO 污染B ．研制清洁能源汽车，减少尾气排放C ．加大石油、煤炭的开采力度，增加化石燃料的供应量D ．植树造林，抑尘防沙二．填空题（每空3分，共36分）7．分子式为49C H Cl 的同分异构体（不考虑立体异构）有种。
2018年军考（高中）士兵考军校政治考试真题及答案
。
A．普遍性是规律的根本特点
B．人们不能创造和消灭规律，但可以改造规律
C．事物发展的规律以人的意识为转移
D．人可以认识并利用规律 6．“你播种一种观念，就收获一种行为；你播种一种行为，就收获一种习惯；你播种一种习惯，就
收获一种性格；你播种一种性格，就收获一种命运。”这句话蕴含的哲学道理是____________。
C．6.5%
D．7.1%
5．中国有句古话叫“万物土中生”。随着科技的发展，人们发明了不用天然土壤而采用含有植物生
长发育必需元素的营养液来提供营养，使植物正常完成整个生命周期的无土栽培技术。这种技术能
够在沙漠、戈壁滩、海岛等无土地区种植作物，具有省工、省水、实现作物早熟、高产、避免土壤
病虫害传播、无污染等特点。这表明
D．情趣高尚、品行端正
15．建设现代化经济体系，必须把发展经济的着力点放在
上，把提高供给体系质量作为
主攻方向，显著增强我国经济质量优势。
A．共享经济
B．实体经济
C．公有制经济
D．开放经济
16．第 71 届联合国大会通过了关于“联合国与全球经济治理”决议，把中国提出的“共商、共建、
共享”理念纳入其中，要求各方本着这一原则改善全球经济治理。由此可见
………○…………内…………○…………装…………○…………订…………○…………线…………○………
【政治答案与详解】
一．选择题（每小题 2 分，共 32 分） 1．D 【详解】1927 年 8 月 1 日，周恩来、贺龙、刘伯承、叶挺、彭德怀发动南昌起义，打响了武装反抗 国民党反动派的第一枪，是共产党独立领导武装斗争的开始。8 月 1 日定为建军节，2017 年 7 月 30 日上午 9 时在朱日和训练基地举行庆祝中国人民解放军建军 90 周年的阅兵纪念活动，故 D 入选 2．D 【详解】为全面推进国防和军队现代化，党的十九大报告提出我国国防和军队的战略安排：适应世 界新军事革命发展趋势和国家安全需求，提高建设质量和效益，确保到二○二○年基本实现机械化， 信息化建设取得重大进展，战略能力有大的提升。同国家现代化进程相一致，全面推进军事理论现 代化、军队组织形态现代化、军事人员现代化、武器装备现代化，力争到二○三五年基本实现国防 和军队现代化，到本世纪中叶把人民军队全面建成世界一流军队，故 D 入选。 3．B 【详解】2018 年 1 月 3 日，中央军委隆重举行 2018 年开训动员大会，中共中央总书记、国家主席、 中央军委主席习近平向全军发布训令，号召全军贯彻落实党的十九大精神和新时代党的强军思想， 全面加强实战化军事训练，全面提高打赢能力，故 B 入选。 4．D 【详解】2018 年 3 月 5 日在第十三届全国人民代表大会第一次会议上李克强作《政府工作报告》， 指明五年来，经济实力跃上新台阶，国内生产总值从 54 万亿元增加到 82.7 万亿元，年均增长 7.1%， 占世界经济比重从 11.4%提高到 15%左右，对世界经济增长贡献率超过 30%，D 入选。 5．D 【详解】规律是事物本身所固有的本质的必然的联系，不能被创造不能被消灭的，B 项说法错误； 规律具有客观性，是不以人的意志为转移的，故 C 项说法错误；人可以发挥主观能动性，以尊重客 观规律为前提，认识和利用规律，材料主旨说人们发明了营养液给植物提供营养，体现了人在发挥 主观能动性，D 入选。 6．A 【详解】本题考查世界观和方法论的关系，是世界观决定方法论，方法论体现世界观，所以③④排 除,①②入选。 7．A 【详解】本题考查经济基础和上层建筑的辩证关系；是经济基础决定上层建筑，上层建筑反作用于
2018年士兵提干考试综合能力基本常识练习题及答案
2018年士兵提干考试综合能力基本常识练习题及答案一、单选题（共20题，共40分）1.在生活中，下列哪一做法或现象与热胀冷缩无关()。
A.夏天在架设电线时，不宜把电线绷得太紧B.往保温瓶灌开水时，不灌满比灌满更容易保温C.把刚煮熟的鸡蛋放到冷水中浸一下，更容易剥壳D.冬天往玻璃杯中倒开水，应先用少量开水预热杯子2.冬天往玻璃杯中倒开水，应先用少量开水预热杯子A.坐地日行八万里，巡天遥看一千河——地球公转B.两岸青山相对出，孤帆一片日边来——运动的相对性C.八月秋高风怒号，卷我屋上三重茅——空气振动发声D.飞流直下三千尺，疑是银河落九天——势能转化为动能3.关于“螳螂捕蝉，黄雀在后”，下列说法错误的是()。
A.蝉、螳螂和黄雀都是消费者B.螳螂和黄雀的行为都属于先天性行为C.螳螂，蝉和黄雀组成了一个生态系统D..蝉和螳螂属于节肢动物，黄雀属于鸟类4.下列关于微波的说法正确的是()。
A.微波的频率比一般无线电波的频率低B.含水量多少对微波加热效果没有影响C.微波会被玻璃、塑料和瓷器等物体反射D.微波通信容量大、质量好、传输距离远5.下列俗语描述的现象与经济学名词对应错误的是()。
A.覆水难收——机会成本B.一山不容二虎——完全垄断C..入芝兰之室，久而不闻其香——边际效用递减D.城门失火，殃及池鱼——负外部效应6.下列常见的心理现象与成语对应错误的是()。
A.晕轮效应——爱屋及乌B.首因效应——一鼓作气C.门槛效应——得寸进尺D.从众效应——人云亦云7.京沪铁路没有经过下列哪一名胜所在省份()。
A.景德镇古窑民俗博览区B.蓬莱阁风景区C..承德避暑山庄D.黄山风景区8.下列哪种球类运动的场地面积最大().A.网球B.篮球C..排球D.足球9.关于药品，下列说法错误的是()。
A.大部分药品属于处方药，如注射剂、毒麻药品等B.非处方药不需要凭执业医师处方即可自行购买和使用C.处方药不可擅自使用、停用或增减剂量，否则可能引起严重后果D.药品说明书用以指导医生和患者选择、使用药品，但不具法律意义10.下列外来植物按照被引入中国的时间先后顺序排列，正确的是()。
2018年军考(高中)士兵考军校英语考试真题答案
19．A【详解】考查反义疑问句。
句意：因为不同的性格，我们几乎不可能一起工作，对吗？句中主语是You and I，为两个人，即“我们”，故反问疑问部分的主语为第一人称we。
提干中有了hardly这词，所以反问疑问用肯定形式。
故选A。
20．A【详解】考查情态动词。
句意：我喜欢周末因为我周六和周天不需要早起。
根据选项可知A.needn’t 不需要；B.mustn’t禁止，不允许； C.wouldn’t不愿；D.shouldn’t不应该；结合句意故选A。
二．阅读理解（共40分，每小题2分）Passage121．D【详解】根据第二段“Different people go to the stock markets.…Still others buy stocks as part of their plan to save money.”可知ABC选项均在文章中提及，故选择D。
22．C【详解】根据第三段“No one can tell exactly whether the shares will be doing well.…but sometimes even if a factory or company does a god job,the stock may still go down.”可知股市的走势是不稳定的，一个好的投资者有时也会失手。
23．C【详解】根据第四段“No wonder going to the stock market is often compared to gambling.”作者将炒股比作赌博可知，炒股有一定风险，人们在投资时需要谨慎小心。
24．C【详解】词义辨析题。
A选项意为“完全的”，B选项意为“陌生的，奇怪的”，C选项意为“有难度的”，D选项意为“现代的”。
根据文意，股市如赌博，所以应该是复杂难懂的，故选择C。
25．A【详解】根据本文第一句“There are stock markets in large cities in many counties.”可知，这篇文章主要讲述了股票市场的一些概况。
2018年军考(高中)士兵考军校化学考试真题答案详解
【化学答案与详解】一．单项选择（每小题3分，共18分）1．C【详解】HNO 3在水中电离出的阳离子只有氢离子属于酸，只能电离出一个氢离子，属于一元酸，硝酸中含有氧元素，所以属于含氧酸，硝酸是由氢、氧、氮元素组成的纯净物，属于化合物，硝酸具有挥发性，属于挥发性物质，在硝酸中，氮元素的价态处于最高价+5价，有强氧化性。
故选C 。
2．C【详解】标准状况1mol 任何气体的体积都约为22.4L ，A 项中缺少了“标准状况”这个关键条件，故A 错误；气体分子有的是双原子分子，有的是单原子分子，有的是多原子分子，标准状况下，含有6.02×1023个分子的气体的体积都约是22.4L ，故B 错误；依据n=m M =AN N 计算，2g 氢气物质的量=2g2g /mol=1mol ，所含有的分子数约为6.02×1023，故C 正确；标准状况下，水不是气体，故D 错误；故选C 。
3．A【详解】A ．因该组离子之间不反应，能大量共存，且通CO 2后仍能大量共存，故A 选；B ．该组离子之间不反应，能大量共存，但通CO 2后与SiO 32-反应生成硅酸沉淀，不能大量共存，故B 不选；C ．因Fe 2+、Cl 2发生氧化还原反应，则不能大量共存，故C 不选；D ．Ag +、NH 3•H 2O 结合生成络离子，则不能大量共存，故D 不选；故选A 。
4．D【详解】①．43NH HCO 为固体，改变43NH HCO 固体的用量，不影响平衡移动，故①符合；②．温度、容积不变时，通入HCl 气体，与NH 3反应生成NH 4Cl ，NH 3的浓度降低，平衡向正反应方向移动，故②不符合；③．其它条件不变，通入2CO 气体，生成的气体混合物各组分的浓度增加，平衡向逆反应方向移动，故③不符合；④．容积不变，充入氮气，反应气体混合物各组分的浓度不变，平衡不移动，故④符合；故选D 。
5．D【详解】胶体区别于其它分散系的本质特征是胶体粒子直径在1-100nm 之间，溶液的粒子直径小于1nm ，浊液的子直径大于100nm 。