橡胶工艺学试题库

橡胶工艺学试题库一、填空题1. 生胶即尚未被交联的橡胶，由线形大分子或者带支链的线性大分子构成。

2. 生胶随温度的变化有三态，即玻璃态、高弹态和粘流态。

3. 橡胶按来源与用途可分为天然橡胶和合成橡胶两大类。

4. 合成橡胶分为通用合成橡胶和特种合成橡胶两大类。

5. 天然橡胶大分子链结构单元是异戊二烯。

6. 产量最大的一种合成橡胶是丁苯橡胶，其结构单元是苯乙烯和丁二烯。

7. 生产合成橡胶常用的聚合方法是溶液聚合或乳液聚合。

8. 二元乙丙橡胶是完全饱和的橡胶，只能用过氧化物交联;三元乙丙橡胶主链完全饱和，但含有一定不饱和的侧链。

9. 硫化是指橡胶的线型大分子链通过化学交联而构成三维网状结构的化学变化过程。

10. 橡胶硫化体系的三个部分是硫化剂、活化剂、促进剂。

11. 橡胶硫化的历程可分为四个阶段:焦烧阶段、热硫化阶段、平坦硫化阶段、过硫化阶段。

12. 促进剂可以降低硫化温度、缩短硫化时间、减少硫磺用量，又能改善硫化胶的物理性能。

13. 橡胶中常用的填料按作用可分为补强剂和填充剂两大类。

最主要的补强剂是炭黑。

14. 炭黑按制造方法可分为炉法炭黑、槽法炭黑、热裂解炭黑、新工艺炭黑。

15. 白炭黑的化学成分是二氧化硅，可分为气相法和沉淀法两大类，其补强效果次于炭黑。

16. 橡胶发生老化的主要因素有热氧老化、光氧老化、臭氧老化和疲劳老化。

17. 橡胶的增塑实际上就是增塑剂低分子与橡胶高分子聚合物形成分子分散的溶液，增塑剂可看作是橡胶的稀释剂。

18. 橡胶中常用的增塑剂有石油系增塑剂、煤焦油系增塑剂、松焦油系增塑剂、脂肪油系增塑剂、合成增塑剂。

19. 橡胶共混物的形态结构可分为均相结构、单相连续结构、两相联系结构。

be limited to no more than 2 days of work, material deposited in special insulated containers, material handling to gently and make use of thermal insulation material in windproof, waterproof, moisture-proof measure. 6.2 thermal design optimization for high-temperature special thermal insulation for piping support and hanger design, reduced heat dissipation of the hangers, ensure that the wall does not overheat. Small-diameter piping, thermal instrument layout and positioning of support and hanger design take fully into account the expansion space and insulation thickness. Large-diameter pipes after heat preservation plastering construction of valves, turbine, checking smooth surface, high temperature powder paint fully dry after. Protective coverings for electric equipment insulation boards designed with pressure plate, when ordering according to the installation diagram, model specifications publishing order, ensure when installing corners neat, uniformappearance, reduce the amount of on-site machining. Before valves, flange insulation shell construction, be sure to make a unified model, all valves, flanges, insulation cover unified, tidy and beautiful. When four parts such as pipes, boiler insulation, must do first article inspection, proof of design and construction methods, technology can meet the technological requirements, before extensive construction. Boiler steel beams, door opening boxes designed with insulation gaskets, flange cannot be oblique, even fastened. Back into the slope of the tubing during installation pay attention to the piping, oil station is a low point. Refueling must be controlled when casting material parts, select low thermal conductivity materials as far as possible, ensurethat these parts do not overheat. 6.3 quality defects of insulation technology management optimization of construction process and develop a reasonable duration, regional transfer of strictly20. 橡胶的配方设计就是根据产品的性能要求和工艺条件，合理地选用原材料，制订各种原材料用量和配比关系。

21. 橡胶工业中常用的混炼方法分为两种:间歇式混炼和连续式混炼。

22. 硫化可分为室温硫化和热硫化;后者分为直接硫化和间接硫化。

二、名词解释1. 塑炼:通过机械力、热、氧或加入某些化学物质等方式，使橡胶由强韧的高弹态转变为柔软的塑性态的过程。

2. 混炼:通过适当的加工将配合剂与生胶均匀混合在一起，制成质量均一的混合物，完成这一加工操作的工艺过程称为混炼。

4. 压出:是使胶料通过挤出机机筒壁和螺杆间的作用，连续地制成各种不同形状半成品的工艺过程。

5. 正硫化:在工业上又称为最宜硫化，是橡胶制品性能达到最佳值时的硫化状态。

2.三、简答题1.什么是液体橡胶,与普通橡胶相比有什么优缺点,(15分)指室温下为粘稠状可流动的液体，经适当的化学反应后可形成三维网状结构，成为具有与普通橡胶类似性能的材料。

优点:易于实现机械化、自动化、连续化生产，不需用溶剂、水等分散介质便看实现液体状态下的加工。

缺点:扩链后的强度及耐挠曲性不如固体橡胶，加工需另建系统，现有设备不适用，材料成本高。

2. 橡胶硫化后结构和性能发生那些显著变化(试指出至少五方面),(15分)线型结构转变为体型结构;加热不再流动;不再溶于良溶剂中;模量和硬度提高;力学性能提高;耐老化性能和化学稳定性提高。

3. 什么是焦烧,防止焦烧的最直接措施是什么,(15分)be limited to no more than 2 days of work, material deposited in special insulated containers, material handling to gently and make use of thermal insulation material in windproof, waterproof, moisture-proof measure. 6.2 thermal design optimization for high-temperature special thermal insulation for piping support and hanger design, reduced heat dissipation of the hangers, ensure that the wall does not overheat. Small-diameter piping, thermal instrument layout and positioning ofsupport and hanger design take fully into account the expansion space and insulation thickness. Large-diameter pipes after heat preservation plastering construction of valves, turbine, checking smooth surface, high temperature powder paint fully dry after. Protective coverings for electric equipment insulation boards designed with pressure plate, when ordering according to the installation diagram, model specifications publishing order, ensure when installing corners neat, uniform appearance, reduce the amount of on-site machining. Before valves, flange insulation shell construction, be sure to make a unified model, all valves, flanges, insulation cover unified, tidy and beautiful. When four parts such as pipes, boiler insulation, must do first article inspection, proof of design and construction methods, technology can meet the technological requirements, before extensive construction. Boiler steel beams, door opening boxes designed with insulation gaskets, flange cannot be oblique, even fastened. Back into the slope of the tubing during installation pay attention to the piping, oil station is a low point. Refueling must be controlled when casting material parts, select low thermal conductivity materials as far as possible, ensurethat these parts do not overheat. 6.3 quality defects of insulation technology management optimization of construction process and develop a reasonable duration, regional transfer of strictly橡胶在加工过程中要经过塑炼、混炼、压延等工序，经受各种温度下不同时间热的作用。