雅思雅思托福写作词汇大放送,非常有用

雅思托福写作词汇大放送，非常有用！
这些是国外考试写作中，根据英文数据库统计的常用近义词的统计与用法
只要你每天学习3个词汇组群，写作一定会有质的飞跃！要耐心去学习！
我希望帮助每一位留学路上的人，我会每周发21组！
Direction
1.方向，指导
vision, n.A mental image or imaginative contemplation. Organizations are often driven by an overriding vision. This vision is translated into a specific mission,which is quantified by one or more goals or objectives. These goals or objectives are reached by implementing an overall strategy, which is executed via specific tactics. Organizations without a vision are perceived as rudderless or unfocused-even though most visions are so vague that they are both unquantifiable and unachievable．
想象，梦想。组织的行动常常被一种压倒一切的想象所左右。这里vision指一种具体的任务，并以一种或多种目标表示出来。这些目标由一总的策略完成，而这一策略又有赖于具体实施。没有梦想的组织行动可视为没有目标的舵--使多种梦想模糊到无法显示或实现。
My vision for this company is for it to be a global innovator in information technology。我对本公司抱有的梦想就是使其成为IT业全球创新者。

Mission n.The overall purpose of a business or organization. Mission is morespecific than a vision．公司或机构中总的宗旨。mission比vision更具体。
The mission of this company is to solve the networking problems of large-and
medium-sized organizations．本公司主要任务就是要解决大中型机构的网络问题。
Goal n. The specific end objective that a business or organization strives to attain,specific to its mission．A goal is quantifiable.公司或机构努力要达到的具体目标。可用数量表示。
Our goal is to double our market share within five years我们的目标是五年内使我们的市场占有量翻一番。
Strategy n.A plan of action to achieve the goals of a business or organization.Strategies describe how to meet goals and objectives.实现公司或机构目标的行动计划。指如何实现目标。
Our strategy is to increase the value of our products while holding the line on pricing我们的策略是稳住产品价格同时提高产品价值。
Tactic n.The method used to implement an organization's strategy, Tactics are the
details of a larger strategy．实施企业策略的方法。指一项大的策略的具体细节。
Our primary tactic is to reduce manunfacturing costs by souring key compo-
nents overseas.我们首要的方法是通过在海外寻找关键部件来减少生产成本。
参考词汇: objective modus operand

2.Underpinnings
基 础
culture. n.The ideas, customs, skills, arts, and so on of agroup or organization that
are transferred, communicated, or passed along. An orga

nization's culture exists
independent of its stated goals and mission, formed by the behavior and attitudes
of its key members．文化，彼此传承、交流或渗透的一个组织或团体的思想、习惯、
技巧、艺术等等。一个组织的文化独立存在于其特定的目标和任务之外，由其主要成员
的行为表现及态度构成。
Donating to local charities was part of the company's culture, borne from the charitable activities of its founder.向当地慈善机构捐献是该公司文化的一部分，源子该公司元老的慈善活动。
Climate n.Any prevailing conditions affecting the life, activity, etc. of an organization.（影响机构活动的）形势、趋势。
Due to the new management team, there was a climates of change in the organization．该机构出现变化的趋势归因于新的管理队伍。
Atmosphere n General mood or social environment. The "feel" of the organization
at any given moment．气氛、社会环境。指机构在特定时刻的"感觉"。
After the announcement of the downsizing, the atmosphere was grim.宣布裁员
后，整个气氛十分严肃。
Environment n.All the conditions, circumstances, and influences affecting an
organization. Every facet of an organization-including the culture, the climate,
and the atmosphere--contributes to the overall environment．机构的状况、氛围和
影响。机构的每个方面，包括文化、趋势、气氛都有助于整个机构的状况。
CompuTitan's work environment is conducive to long work hour.巨型计算机的
工作环境有助于长时间工作。
Infrastructure n.A substructure or underlying foundation-especially the basic in-
stallations and facilities on which the continuation and growth of an organization
or community depend. Whereas a company's culture is somewhat ethereal, its
infrastructure is purely physical.基础设施，尤指机构存在和发展所依靠的基础设备及设施。公司的文化可能是模糊的，而其基础设施则是完全具体的。
Although the company had a culture that encouraged experimentation, the
technological infrastructure was unable to support multiple new media projects
simultaneously．虽然公司有鼓励试验的文化，但其技术基础设施无法同时支撑多种新
的媒介项目。
参考词汇：customs, facilities, ambience

3.嗜好
Indulgences
嗜 好
connoisseur.n.A person who has expert knowledge and keen discrimination in
some field, especially in fine arts or in matters of taste.A connoisseur often has specific training or skills in his or her favored area.行家,鉴赏家，内行。一位行家往往受过专门训练。
Martha was a connoisseur of French cooking, having studied under a master
chef in Paris.玛莎曾拜师于巴黎名厨，在法国菜烹饪方面很内行。
epicurean. adj. Fond of luxury and sensuous pleasure. Epicurean most often

refers to refined taste in food and drink.享乐主义的。该词常指对饮食的特殊兴趣和品味。
The dead comedian had been epicurean in his tastes, often indulging in the
rarest of fine food and drink.这位已故的喜剧大师一直是位美食家，常常嗜好稀有
的美味佳肴。
gourmet.A person who is an excellent judge of fine food and drink. Although
both epicures and connoisseurs are fond of fine food and drink, gourmets are often
more critical in what they like.美食家，能精选品评美食、美酒的人。与epicures和connoisseurs相比，gourmets往往有吃喝更挑剔之意。
Graham fancied himself a gourmet, so he frequented only the best restaurants
in town.格雷厄姆把自己想象为美食家，常常光顾城里最好的餐馆。
bon vivant.n.(bahn vee-vahnt) from the French.A person who enjoys good food
and drink and other luxuries. Unlike a gourmet or connoisseur,a bon vivant is not
necessarily a judge of fine food, just someone who enjoys it．（出自于法语）美食
家。不同于gourmet或connoisseur, bon vivant更侧重指某人喜好美食，而非鉴赏。
Club Tres Chic catered to bon vivants such as Randolph,who appreciated fine
food and upscale surroundings.苔斯-奇克俱乐部迎合兰朵夫这样的美食者，供其
鉴赏美味及优雅的环境。
hedonist.n.One who practices the self--indulgent pursuit of pleasure as a way of
life.A hedonist is more interested in quantity than quality and often indulges in
pleasures beyond that of food and drink.享乐主义者，这种人更注重质量而非数量，
追求的享受不仅限于美味佳肴。
Stephen was an unabashed hedonist, indulging his urges with lavish meals and
multiple sexual partners.史蒂芬是个不知道羞耻的享乐主义者，沉溺于大吃大喝和
多个性伙伴中。
参考词汇：aesthete，aficionado, devotee，dilettante，gourmand．